Visualizing the Peripheral Primo Vascular System in Mice Skin by Using the Polymer Mercox

Stefanov, Miroslav,Kim, Jungdae KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.3

Objectives: As the peripheral part of the primo vascular system (PVS) is difficult to visualize, we used a vascular casting material Mercox injected directly into the skin to take advantage of a simple procedure to visualize PVS structures as primo vessels (PVs) and primo nodes (PNs) in the skin. Methods: Two colors of the polymer Mercox were injected into mouse skin. After a partial maceration of the whole body with potassium hydroperoxide solution, we anatomized it under a stereomicroscope to trace the Mercox that had been injected into the PVS. Results: Injection of Mercox directly into the skin allowed the PVs and the PNs to be visualized. This approach can fill the PVS when the material is ejected out of the PVs or PNs. The shapes, sizes, and topographic positions of the nodes and the vessels are the hallmarks used to identify the PVS in skin when Mercox is used as a tracer. Conclusion: The direct injection of the casting material Mercox into skin, with modified partial maceration procedures, is a promising method for visualizing the PVs and the PNs in the peripheral part of the PVS in skin. The polymer Mercox can penetrate through the primo pores of the primo vascular wall and fill the PVs and the PNs. The data prove that PVs and PNs exist on the hypodermal layer of the skin.

Alternative Optimization Techniques for Shallow Trench Isolation and Replacement Gate Technology Chemical Mechanical Planarization

Y. Stefanov,F. Cilek,R. Endres,U. Schwalke 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.8 No.1

This paper discusses two approaches for pre-polishing optimization of oxide chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) that can be used as alternatives to the commonly applied dummy structure insertion in shallow trench isolation (STI) and replacement gate (RG) technologies: reverse nitride masking (RNM) and oxide etchback (OEB). Wafers have been produced using each optimization technique and CMP tests have been performed. Dishing, erosion and global planarity have been investigated with the help of conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of both techniques which yield excellent planarity without dummy structure related performance degradation due to capacitive coupling.

The Impact of Inherited Thrombophilia Types and Low Molecular Weight Heparin Treatment on Pregnancy Complications in Women with Previous Adverse Outcome

Vedran Stefanovic,Nada Aracic,Damir Roje,Ivana Alujevic Jakus,Marinela Bakotin 연세대학교의과대학 2016 Yonsei medical journal Vol.57 No.5

Purpose: To assess the distribution of births and spontaneous abortions, first-trimester abortion (FTA) and mid-trimester abortion(MTA), in untreated (n=128) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) treated pregnancies (n=50) of the same women with inheritedthrombophilias and adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) in previous pregnancies. We particularly investigated the impact ofLMWH on reducing the pregnancy complications in two thrombophilia types, “Conventional” and “Novel”. Materials and Methods: 50 women with inherited thrombophilia (26 Conventional and 24 Novel) and APO in previous pregnancieswere included in the study. Conventional group included factor V Leiden (FVL), prothrombin G20210A (PT) mutations and antithrombin(AT), protein S (PS), and protein C (PC) deficiency, while the Novel group included methylentetrahydrofolate-reductase(MTHFR), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism. APO was definedas one of the following: preterm birth (PTB), fetal growth restriction (FGR), preeclampsia (PE), intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), placentalabruption (PA) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Results: There was no difference in distribution of births and spontaneous abortions between Conventional and Novel thrombophiliain untreated pregnancies (χ2=2.7; p=0.100) and LMWH treated pregnancies (χ2=0.442; p=0.506). In untreaed pregnancies thrombophiliatype did not have any impact on the frequency of FTA and MTA (χ2=0.14; p=0.711). In birth-ended pregnancies LMWH treatementreduced the incidence of IUFD (p=0.011) in Conventional and FGR, IUFD, and PTB in Novel thrombophilia group. Conclusion: The equal impact of two thrombophilia types on the pregnancy outcomes and a more favorable effect of LMWH therapyon pregnancy complications in Novel thrombophilia group point the need for Novel thrombophilias screening and the futurestudies on this issue should be recommended.

Primo Vascular System: Before the Past, Bizarre Present and Peek After the Future

Miroslav Stefanov 사단법인약침학회 2022 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.15 No.1

Introduction: Is Primo Vascular System (PVS) a paradox? Finding the connection between PVS as a carrier of information and the body’s reactions at the micro and macro levels will be the starting point in understanding the meaning of life as such. Before the past of PVS knowledge: The initial phase of medicine in all cultures is reduced to the transfer of specific energy by special pathways throughout the body! This is the case in China, India, Japan, Korea, Tibet, etc. Undoubtedly, the five articles by B. H. Kim published in the early 1960s are considered to be the past of PVS. Strange present: PVS studies after 2002 are accepted as a present. Most of the articles on the topic are in journals with editors-in-chief originating and/or accepting the achievements of Eastern medicine. Is the science of PVS local since its research is in journals that publish mainly articles on Eastern medicine? Why few of the articles concerning PVS are in Western medicine journals? PVS: after the future or some conclusions and proposals: All substances, objects, biological objects generate a weak electromagnetic radiation typical for each of them which is a passport of the information. PVS has all the data to be the main carrier of information. Information medicine and Quantum Biology can serve as a basis for medicine and biomedical sciences, and it should explain the processes that exist for the change of DNA and organisms in general, in accordance with and in response to external causes and internal changes.

Visualizing the Peripheral Primo Vascular System in Mice Skin by Using the Polymer Mercox

Miroslav Stefanov,김정대 대한약침학회 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.3

Objectives: As the peripheral part of the primo vascular system (PVS) is difficult to visualize, we used a vascular casting material Mercox injected directly into the skin to take advantage of a simple procedure to visualize PVS structures as primo vessels (PVs) and primo nodes (PNs) in the skin. Methods: Two colors of the polymer Mercox were injected into mouse skin. After a partial maceration of the whole body with potassium hydroperoxide solution, we anatomized it under a stereomicroscope to trace the Mercox that had been injected into the PVS. Results: Injection of Mercox directly into the skin allowed the PVs and the PNs to be visualized. This approach can fill the PVS when the material is ejected out of the PVs or PNs. The shapes, sizes, and topographic positions of the nodes and the vessels are the hallmarks used to identify the PVS in skin when Mercox is used as a tracer. Conclusion: The direct injection of the casting material Mercox into skin, with modified partial maceration procedures, is a promising method for visualizing the PVs and the PNs in the peripheral part of the PVS in skin. The polymer Mercox can penetrate through the primo pores of the primo vascular wall and fill the PVs and the PNs. The data prove that PVs and PNs exist on the hypodermal layer of the skin.

Assessment of the Human Interaction with HOPE Rehabilitation Robot

Dimitar Stefanov,Yuli Toshev 한국과학기술원 인간친화 복지 로봇 시스템 연구센터 2002 International Journal of Assistive Robotics and Me Vol.3 No.4

  Present paper concerns an evaluation of the head-operated rehabilitation robot HOPE that was developed at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. In order to assess the robot performance and to improve it in our next design, we tried to formulate some criteria for quantitative assessment of the applied human-machine interface and to make some preliminary tests of the applied control algorithm in order to investigate it suitability for users with movement disorders. Based on analysis of the intentional head motions performed by the operator for control of the robot, current robot evaluation aims at assessment of user’s ability for fine positioning of the gripper and evaluation of the errors due to the distance between the user’s head and the robotic gripper. The SYDEK system (also developed at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences), was utilized for the tests. A special head-tracking system and a test bed for assessment of fine force dosage were additionally designed for the purpose of the experiments. The test results show that users can easily learn how to control the robot. The robot algorithm, based on the end-effector control strategy, significantly reduces the cognitive efforts of the users, enabling them simultaneous control of up to three degrees of freedom.

요한계시록의 문학적 배열

Ranko Stefanovic 삼육대학교 신학연구소 2006 신학과 학문 Vol.- No.14

Critical Review and Comments on B.H. Kim’s Work on the Primo Vascular System

Miroslav Stefanov 사단법인약침학회 2012 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.5 No.5

Two periods of primo vascular system (PVS) discovery exist. The first one includes the five reports of B. H. Kim made from 1962 to 1965. The second one is from 2002 until the present time and includes reports made mainly by the Seoul National University group using modern methods. The purpose of this article is to describe the claims in B. H. Kim’s reports, to comment on the most important points of his claims, and to offer hypotheses for the morphological architecture and the function of the PVS. The PVS integrated the cardiovascular, nervous, and hormonal systems. Thus, the particularities of the various body systems are combined in the PVS. The PVS is not a simple circulatory system like the cardiovascular system. Its influence on all body systems is a combination of not only substances and signals but also energy and information. The primordial PVS is like a matrix for the vascular and the nervous systems, which are formed around the PVS. The PVS is duplicated by the vascular and the nervous systems in the very early stage of body development. This is the reason why the PVS combines the features of the vascular, the nervous, and the hormonal systems. Subsequently, all embryonic body systems have developed, the primordial PVS remains connected to them, but dominates and controls them as the primeval functional system.

Primo Vascular System as a New Morphofunctional Integrated System

Miroslav Stefanov,김정대 사단법인약침학회 2012 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.5 No.5

The purpose of this review is to describe the methodology, instruments, and subject animals used until now for studies of the meridian (Kyungrak) system and the primo vascular system (PVS). The PVS is observed as an anatomical system distributed in cavities, organs, and tissues throughout the body. We analyzed the most important points of the PVS based on the results obtained until the present. Our main effort has been directed to describing the main thesis relating to the morphological structures and their topography, the functional mechanisms of the PVS, and possible roles of the PVS in pathological processes. The substance of the PVS in all its aspects is as a system covering the whole body and regulating and coordinating the biological processes that are the basis for life. In conclusion, we suggest that the finding of the PVS represents the discovery of a new integrated morphological-functional system.

Maxillary Sinus Fibrous Dysplasia

Predrag Stefanovic,Dragoslava Djeric 대한비과학회 1998 Journal of rhinology Vol.5 No.2

The authors presented a case of maxillary sinus fibrous dysplasia developed in a thirteen-year-old boy. The disease was almostasymptomatic except for mild facial asymmetry and exophthalmos. The diagnosis was made on the basis of CT scans and MRimaging, and confirmed by histological study. The condition was classified as a non-aggressive form of the disease. No recurrenceof the fibro-osseous lesion was found at postoperative one year.