Noun Phrases

Hwang, Soonjin 대한언어학회 1995 언어학 Vol.3 No.-

Hwang, Soonjin(1995). Noun Phrases. Linguistics vol. 3. In traditional grammar, noun phrases are sometimes analysed as NP and sometimes as DP. The purpose of this paper is to examine which of the two is appropriate to explain various linguistic phenomena. In GB theory,' it seems reasonable that noun phrases have DP-structure. In the bare theory, however, it seems that both are possible structures.

Nasal and Pulmonary Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Rats

Soonjin Kwon,Young-Su Yang,Hyo-Seon Yang,Jinsoo Lee,Min-Sung Kang,Byoung-seok Lee,Kyuhong Lee,Chang-Woo Song 한국독성학회 2012 Toxicological Research Vol.28 No.4

In recent decades, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles have been used in various applications, including paints, coatings, and food. However, data are lacking on the toxicological aspects associated with their use. The aim of this study was to assess the inhalation toxicity of TiO₂ nanoparticles in rats by using inhalation exposure. Male Wistar rats were exposed to TiO₂ nanoparticles for 2 weeks (6 hr/day, 5 days/week) at a mean mass concentration of 11.39 ± 0.31 mg/㎥. We performed time-course necropsies at 1, 7, and 15 days after exposure. Lung inflammation and injury were assessed on the basis of the total and individual cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and by biochemical assays, including an assay for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Furthermore, histopathological examination was performed to investigate the lungs and nasal cavity of rats. There were no statistically significant changes in the number of BALF cells, results of biochemical assays of BALF and serum, and results of cytokine analysis. However, we did observe histopathological changes in the nasal cavity tissue. Lesions were observed at post-exposure days 1 and 7, which resolved at post-exposure day 15. We also calculated the actual amounts of TiO₂ nanoparticles inhaled by the rats. The results showed that the degree of toxicity induced by TiO₂ nanoparticles correlated with the delivered quantities. In particular, exposure to small particles with a size of approximately 20 nm resulted in toxicity, even if the total particle number was relatively low.

검색의도 파악을 위한 질의어 관계유형에 관한 사례연구

권순진(Soonjin Kwon),김원일(Wonil Kim),유성준(Seongjoon Yoo) 한국지능시스템학회 2011 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 정보 검색(Information Retrieval)과정에 있어 검색 기술의 적합성을 향상하기 위하여, 질의어 사이의 유용한 관계를 드러내도록 사례를 분석하고, 질의자의 의도를 파악할 수 있게끔 구체화하도록 연구한 것이다. 이를 위하여 먼저, 질의어가 가지는 어휘 의미적 연구 분야와 존재론적 연구 분야의 관련 연구들을 분석하였으며, 국내ㆍ외의 어휘 의미론적 네트워크 사례와 정보 검색 기술이 적용된 사이트의 실제 데이터를 분석하여 관계 유형을 추출하고 분석하였다. 다음으로는 일반적으로 검색자가 직면하는 검색 상황에서 자주 발생하는 문제를 중심으로 문제점을 정의하여 해결 방안을 모색하였다. 현행 검색 기술에서 색인어와 질의어를 단순 비교하여 결과를 쏟아주는 검색은 사용자를 혼란하게 하기 때문에 개선이 필요하고, 질의자의 의도에 맞는 질의 결과를 줄 수 있도록 지능적 검색으로 개선할 필요가 있다. 문제점 해결 방안에 있어서는, 두 질의어 사이의 관계를 드러냄으로써, 검색자의 의도를 인식하고 식별 및 처리할 수 있는 방안이 필요하였다. 질의어들에 관한 실제 사례를 분석하고 관계 유형을 9가지로 분류함으로써, 관계 유형을 디자인하는 방법을 적시하였으며, 관계 유형의 명칭 부여와 관계 역할의 명칭을 부여할 수 있는 방법과 제한점도 예시하였다. IR (Information Retrieval) systems have the methods that compare relationships between query and index to identify document that may be fit to the user’s query keyword. However, the methods usually ignore the importance of relations that are not expressed in the query. Therefore, in this study, we describe how to refine the queries’ relation from keyword and to reveal the hidden intent. A useful relationship between query and keyword in IR wth studied and we classified the tion fromrelation. Firstfromall, we did researchmrelated on semantic relationship and ontolhiical researchmin foreign and domestic research, and also analyzed semantic network practices, information retrieval technolhiy, extracted and classified the tion fromrelationships s’ relasite’s real-world datamin whichminformation retrieval technolhiin fare applied. Next, we souiht to solve the problems occurred frequently i’ relasituation that searchers tioically face. I’ relacurrent search technolhiy, the mesh searchmresult fare poured by simply comparn ina query with index terms. Therefore, the need for an intelligent search fittn inusers’ intent is required. The relationships between two queries to re hiddee and identify relasearcher’s intent have to be revealed. By analyzn inthe practical cthes s’ queries and classifyn inthem into nine kind fromrelationship tion, we proposed the method to design relation revealn inand role namn i, and we have also illustrated limitations of that methods.

비교 쇼핑 수집 정보 불일치의 최소화 방안 연구

홍순진(Soonjin Hong) 한국멀티미디어학회 2007 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2007 No.2

효율적 검색의도 파악을 위한 쿼리 단어 가시화에 관한 연구

권순진(Soonjin Kwon),홍철의(Chuleui Hong),김원일(Wonil Kim) 大韓電子工學會 2012 電子工學會論文誌-CI (Computer and Information) Vol.49 No.2

본 논문은 검색 질의어 단어 입력 시에 드러나지 않은 쿼리 단어들을 가시화함으로써, 검색 주체의 의도 구조를 선택할 수 있게 하며, 탐색 효율을 제고하도록 제안한다. 검색 질의어를 입력할 때 검색 의도를 파악한다면 효과적인 검색 서비스가 가능할 것이다. 이렇게 하기 위하여, 의도 구조와 요소를 설정함과 아울러 쿼리 단어의 생략된 관계에 해당하는 단어를 복원하여 가시화하는 과정이 필요하다. 관련된 연구들을 검토하며, 검색 의도 구조를 정의하고, 쿼리 단어의 가시화를 위한 방법과 의도 구조에 적합한 쿼리 단어를 확장 생성하는 과정을 보인다. 이 과정에서 의도 구조의 여러 계층 중 하나를 쿼리 단어 범위로 할당하는 예제와 실험을 수행하였다. 탐색 효율 상승의 검색결과와 탐색효율 하락의 검색결과를 분석하였다. 향후 연구로는 의도 결절을 확장하여 구성 요소를 학습할 수 있도록 자동화하는 연구가 필요하다. This paper proposes to increase an efficiency of somebody searching information by a visualization of an unseen query words with well-selected user's intent structures. If a search engine identifies user's intent to pursue information, it would be an effective search engine. To do so, it is needed that relationships between query-words are to be visible after recovering words lost during formulated, and that an intention structure/elements is to be established. This paper will review previous studies, after then, define a simple structure of the search intent, and show a process to expand and to generate the query words appropriate to the intent structure with a method for the visualization of the query words. In this process, some examples and tests are necessary that one of the multiple intent structured layers is to assign to a range of query-words. Increasing/Decreasing an efficiency are analyzed to find. Future research is needed how to automate a process to extend structural nodules of user's intent.

Purpose Clauses and Passive Nominals

Hwang, Soonjin 이화영어학회 1996 영어학 연구 Vol.- No.1

The Purpose of this paper is to study the facts about purpose clause licensing. Sentences and active nominals allow purpose clauses whereas passive nominals do not. Neither implicit argument nor N´ does not allow purpose clauses. Passive morpheme -en can explain more efficiently the facts about purpose clause licensing. This -en behaves like a subject PRO. And this implies that the logical subjects of passives can be PRO.

Nasal and Pulmonary Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Rats

Kwon, Soonjin,Yang, Young-Su,Yang, Hyo-Seon,Lee, Jinsoo,Kang, Min-Sung,Lee, Byoung-Seok,Lee, Kyuhong,Song, Chang-Woo Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2012 Toxicological Research Vol.28 No.4

In recent decades, titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) nanoparticles have been used in various applications, including paints, coatings, and food. However, data are lacking on the toxicological aspects associated with their use. The aim of this study was to assess the inhalation toxicity of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles in rats by using inhalation exposure. Male Wistar rats were exposed to $TiO_2$ nanoparticles for 2 weeks (6 hr/day, 5 days/week) at a mean mass concentration of $11.39{\pm}0.31mg/m^3$. We performed time-course necropsies at 1, 7, and 15 days after exposure. Lung inflammation and injury were assessed on the basis of the total and individual cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and by biochemical assays, including an assay for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Furthermore, histopathological examination was performed to investigate the lungs and nasal cavity of rats. There were no statistically significant changes in the number of BALF cells, results of biochemical assays of BALF and serum, and results of cytokine analysis. However, we did observe histopathological changes in the nasal cavity tissue. Lesions were observed at post-exposure days 1 and 7, which resolved at post-exposure day 15. We also calculated the actual amounts of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles inhaled by the rats. The results showed that the degree of toxicity induced by $TiO_2$ nanoparticles correlated with the delivered quantities. In particular, exposure to small particles with a size of approximately 20 nm resulted in toxicity, even if the total particle number was relatively low.

‘불(佛)’, ‘마(魔)’자(字) 관련 중국어 어휘와 불교문화 소고(小考)

김순진 ( Kim Soonjin ),한용수 ( Han Yongsu ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2019 比較文化硏究 Vol.56 No.-

불교가 중국에 전파되면서 중국인들은 불교를 이해하기 위해 불교경전을 번역했고 이런 과정에서 중국에는 많은 새로운 불교어휘들이 세속화 되어 일상생활에서 사용하기 시작했다. 이것은 인도의 범어와 중국어의 융합일 뿐만 아니라 인도의 불교문화와 중국문화가 결합되어 독특한 중국의 불교문화가 형성되는 계기가 되었다. 이런 언어와 문화는 서로 영향을 주고받으며 오늘날 중국의 불교어휘에 큰 영향을 주었다. 본문에서는 불교와 가장 밀접한 관련이 있는 ‘佛’, ‘魔’ 관련 어휘를 중국어에서의 의미와 불교에서의 의미 분석을 통하여 이런 어휘 속에는 많은 불교문화가 스며있고 깊은 불교 교리를 담고 있으며, 역으로 이런 불교문화와 교리는 어휘의 내용을 풍부하게 하여 표현의 효과를 향상시켜 주었다. 또한 이런 분석은 어휘의 유래와 발전과정을 이해하고 그 속에 담겨 있는 불교문화를 이해하는데 도움을 준다. 코퍼스 자료 분석을 통하여 ‘佛’, ‘魔’와 관련된 어휘의 현대와 고대중국어에서의 활용빈도를 산출하고 그 원인을 제시하였으며 연어분석으로 공기성이 가장 활발한 어휘를 파악함으로서 중국인들의 생활 습성 및 그 사유방식을 이해하는데 도움을 준다. When Buddhism was introduced in China, Buddhist Scriptures were translated by Chinese people from Sanskrit into Chinese. In this process, many new Buddhist terms began to be secularized and used in daily life. This was a fusion of Indian Sanskrit and Chinese, where the Buddhist cultures of India and China were combined to produce a unique Chinese Buddhist culture. The mutual exchange of vocabularies and cultures between the two countries has greatly influenced the current Buddhist vocabulary in China. Through the analysis of meanings in Chinese and Buddhism of terms related to 佛 and 魔, this study determined that those terms contain abundant Buddhist culture and deep teachings of Buddhism, and, in a reverse way, that those words and Buddhist culture and teachings make abundant the vocabulary contents and improve the effects of the expression. Further, this kind of analysis is helpful in understanding the origin development processes of such terms as well as the Buddhist culture contained in those words. Through corpus-based analysis, this study calculated the frequencies of use in ancient and modern Chinese societies, and suggested reasons for the differences in the two societies regarding words related to 佛 and 魔. In addition, through linked word analysis, this study found the words that are most frequently used by the public, which contributes to the understanding of the customs and the thinking methods of the Chinese.

청소년 폭력 비행에 있어서 가해-피해의 연계

박순진(Park, Soonjin) 한국피해자학회 2005 被害者學硏究 Vol.13 No.2

As a result of victimization survey, it was found that the characteristics of criminals and victims are remarkably similar, especially among adolescents. Many criminologists found the reciprocal relationship between offending and victimization in youth violence. Some criminologists proposed the equivalent group hypothesis that offenders and victims are actually the same group and victims of youth violence are likely to strike back at other juveniles. The study examines the connections between offending and victimization in youth violence and tests equivalent group hypothesis using the data from Korean Youth Panel Study. It is found that there are generous connections between the offending and victimization, some of offenders and victims are co-dependent. Four types of victim-offending can be classified into two groups with different characteristics. The experience of violent victimization among juveniles increases the risk of offending.

중국 소수민족 신화의 색채어 상징의미 연구

김순진 ( Kim Soonjin ),한용수 ( Han Yongsu ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2021 中國學論叢 Vol.- No.74

The mythology gives an enlightenment to people by interestingly composing the symbolism contained in human’s unconsciousness into legendary contents. The principle of forming and signifying the mythology exists in the context of strong symbol. This mythology is not simply a mysterious and absurd story, but an essential, transcendental, and earnest story. The mythology mingled with nature and animals reveals the beautiful nature or dignified appearance of animals through color, and people’s belief or wish is reflected into this. The mythology of ethnic minorities of China includes various materials of story and many color terms. And this study analyzed the symbolic meanings and mythical meanings of such color terms. In the mythology, the tribe Proto-Turks created their own mythology with red color symbolizing the sublimation of life and fire, and worshiped a symbolic animal ‘dog’. The tribe Jinyoung used ‘five-colored dog’ and ‘five-colored clothing’ that symbolized the inheritance of an oriental thought, Yin-Yang & Five Elements. The Tibetan people gave the symbolism to ‘white Tara’ and ‘black-haired person’ and then worshiped them, The Manchu people gave the symbolism to ‘white stone’ and ‘black stone’ and then worshiped them. Like this, other ethnic minorities also gave special meanings to a certain object or animal, and then prayed for their desires or wishes. This symbolism is based on emotional action and human’s basic/original experiences and thoughts, which provides people with something to contemplate. In the 4th industrial revolution era, the cultural diversity inherent in mythology and the symbolic meanings of color terms present that the inclusive, integrated, and harmonious coexistence based on the recognition and respect of mutual diversity is the direction we should take to move forward.