탈지 환원유에서 Bifidobacterium longum의 호기성 고농도 배양에 관한 연구

구동환,하상우,조수현,박기문,김동운,강국희 성균관대학교 생명과학자원연구소 1997 生命資源科學硏究 Vol.4 No.1

The objectives of this study were to investigate the optimal condition for growth and highly concenterated culture of Bifidobacterium longum (Bif longum). The effects of additives were compared with titratable acidity and viable cell counts, and 10% reconstituted skim milk (no additive) was used as a control. Correlation coefficient for the growth of Bif. longun between CO_2 anaerobic jar method and overalaid medium method was R=0.99. When 1% Bif. longurn was inoculated on 12%, 14%, and 16% reconstituted skim-milk, viable cell counts were 8.60, 8.89, and 8.93 Log CFU/ml, respectively. When Lactose, Glucose, Glucosamine, Fructose, Peptone, N-acethyl-D-glucosamine, D-galactose, and liver extract were added to 16% reconstituted skim-milk, the viable cell counts were 8.61, 9.05, 9.15, 9.24, 8.82, 9.75, 9.17, and 9.64 Log CFU/ml, respectively. Therefore, D-galactose, liver extract, and N-acethyl-D-glucosamine were selected as final additives. When Bif longum was inoculated on Fermentor-I (16% reconstituted skim milk containing 0.1% yeast extract, 0.5% D-galactose and 0.5% liver extract), Fermentor-II (16% reconstituted skim milk containing 0.190% yeast extract, 0.590% N-acethyl-D-glucosamine and 0.5% liver extract), Batch culture-I (16% reconstituted skim milk containing 0.1% yeast extract, 0.5% D-galactose and 0.5% liver extract), and Batch culture-II (16% reconstituted skim milk containing 0.1% yeast extract, 0.5% N-acethyl-D-glucosamine and 0.5% liver extract), viable cell counts were 10.46, 9.37, 9.03, and 8.83 Log CFU/ml, respectively. Although liver extract was the important additive for the highly concentrated culture of Bif. longum in this study, it caused serious off-flavor when liver extract-1 (contained cell mass) was added to Fermentor culture. However, flavor was improved when liver extract-2 which was removed cell mass, was used instead of liver extract-1. Addition of 2% liver extract-II and 1% D-galactose had the similar effect with addition of 0.5% Liver extract-I and 0.5% D-galactose on the growth of Bif. longum.

PTMG-PU와 PEAG-PU의 중합에 미치는 합성온도 영향

류주환,김수동 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.13 No.2

예비고분자 방법을 이용하여 PTMG-PU와 PEAG-PU를 합성하였다. PTMG-PU와 PEAG-PU에서 합성온도를 올림에 따라 가교결합 증가와 상분리 감소를 적외선 분광기를 이용하여 확인하였다. 또한 합성온도 상승의 영향은 DSC에 의해 확인되었다. 가교결합의 증가와 상분리의 감소는 PTMG-PU와 PEAG-PU의 유리전이 상승을 초래하였다. 적외선 분광기와 DSC로 확인한 중합온도 영향이 분자 구조적인 면에서 같다 할지라도 PTMG-PU와 PEAG-PU의 인장강도와 연신율은 반대로 나타났다. 이것은 가교밀도의 변화에 의한 것으로 고찰되었다. We synthesized PTMG-PU and PEAG-PU through prepolymer method. According to IR, we observed that as the reaction temperature increases, crosslinking density was increased and phase seperation was decreased in both cases of PTMG-PU and PEAG-PU. Also the synthesis temperature increasing effect was confirmed by DSC. Increase in crosslinking density and decrease in phase seperation resulted in the increase of glass transition temperature in both PTMG-PU and PEAG-PU. Althouth the synthesis temperature effect was the same in molecular structure variation, tensile and elongation properties of PTMG-PU and PEAG-PU were reverse. This was discussed in terms of the crosslinking density.

효율적인 분할 시그너춰 화일의 디렉토리 관리

문현수,황환규,최황규,염상민,김상욱 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 1998 정보통신논문지 Vol.2 No.-

A partitioned signature file is an enhancement of the signature file that divides all the signatures into blocks in such a way that each block contains the signatures with the same key. Its directory stores all the keys as meta information for avoiding unnecessary block accesses by examining them first before the actual searching of the blocks. Efficient directory management is very important in large database environments since its size gets larger proportionally to that of the database. In this paper, we first point out the problems in the directory management methods of the previous partitioned signature files, and then pressent a new one solving them. Our method offers good features in the following three aspects: (1) suitability for large database environments, (2)adaptability to dynamic situations, and (3) storage overhead for the directory.

파형관이 있는 순환유동층 열교환기의 유동특성

안수환 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2002 농업생명과학연구 Vol.36 No.4

파형관이 설치된 순환유동층 원통다관형 열교환기의 유동특성에 관한 실험적 연구를 행하였다. 동일한 체적을 가진 7종류의 고체입자들을 열교환기 튜브 속에 순환시켰다. 순환유량, 입자형상, 재료, 그리고 파형관의 형상이 상대속도와 항력계수에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과 파형관에서의 항력계수는 일반적으로 매끈한 관보다 낮았으나, 물과 고체입자간의 상대속도는 유리입자를 제외하고는 파형관의 경우가 매끈한 경우다 약간 높았다. An experimental study was carried on the characteristics of fluid flow in a fluidized bed shell-and-tube type heat exchanger with corrugated tubes. Seven different solid particles having same volume were circulated in the tubes The effects of various parameters such as water flow rates, particle geometries and materials, and geometries of corrugated tubes on relative velocities and drag coefficients were investigated. The present work showed that the drag force coefficients of particles in the corrugated tubes were usually lower than in the smooth tubes, meanwhile the relative velocities between particles and water in the corrugated tubes were little higher than in the smooth tubes except the glass.

K 강선 및 긴장대 강선을 이용한 원위 쇄골 제 2형 골절의 치료

정환용,이우석,전택수,김대환,김광균,임재우 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목 적: 쇄골 윈위부 제 Ⅱ형 골절의 치료에 있어 견봉 쇄골 관절을 통과하지 않고 직접 골편을 고정시키는 K 강선 및 긴장대 강선을 이용한 고정술로 치료한 환자에서 임상 결과를 후향적으로 분석하여 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 5월부터 2001년 5월까지 쇄골 원위부 제 Ⅱ형 골절로 관혈적 정복술 및 K 강선 및 긴장대 강선을 이용한 고정술을 실시한 12례 중 최소 1년 이상 추시가 가능한 11례를 대상으로 하였다. 임상적 평가를 위해 최종 추시에서 변형된 견관절 기능 평가법을 사용하여 결과를 분석하였고 골유합 상태, 합병증, 견관절 운동범위를 측정하였다. 결 과: 전례에서 골유합을 얻었으며, 수술 후 골 유합까지의 기간은 평균 10주 (8~12주)였다. 최종 추시 상 견관절의 운동범위는 모두 정상 소견이었고, 변형된 견관절 기능 평가상 우수 9례, 양호 2례였다. 결 론: 쇄골 원위부 제 Ⅱ형 골절에서 K 강선 및 긴장대 강선을 이용한 고정술은 좋은 치료 방법 중 하나로 사료된다. Purpose: This is retrospective study to analyze the clinical results of the usefulness of K-wires and tension band wiring that fix the fracture fragment directly without passing the acromioclavicular joint in distal clacivle type Ⅱ fractures. Materials and Methods: From May 2000 to May 2001, eleven patients with distal clavicle type Ⅱ fracture were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with K-wires and tension band wiring. The clinical results were analyzed according to modified shoulder rating scale for distal clavicle freacture. Radiological union, complication, and range of motion of the shoulder were assessed. Results: All fractures were united at 10 weeks (8~12 weeks) in average. Finally, full range of motion of the shoulder joint was achieved in all patients. No complication was found and the modified shoulder rating scale for distal clavicle fracture were as follows: excellent 9 and good 2. Conclusion: K-wires and tension band wiring can be a good treatment method for distal clavicle type Ⅱ fractures.

공간 영역 질의의 선택률 추정을 위한 향상된 면적 균등 분할 방법

황환규,문현수 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2000 정보통신논문지 Vol.4 No.-

Selectivity estimation of queries in relational databases has been studied extensively. Although relational selectivity estimation problems are well studied in the database literature, spatial selectivity estimation problems are not well understood. In this paper we examine selectivity estimation in spatial databases. In particular, we focus on spatial range queries over two-dimensional rectangular data. We propose and implement an improved equi-area partition for selectivity estimation of spatial range queries. We present a detailed experimental study comparing the proposed techniques and the currently used equi-area and nonequi-area partition for selectivity estimation.

가족중심의 사회사업실천연구(1) : Make a Restart from Mary Richmond in Korea Mary Richmond에서 부터 다시 시작하라

김수환 慶星大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.15 No.3

Family centered social work practice is a model of social work practice wihich the family is located in the center of the unit of attention or the field of social work activities in America. The relationship between social work and family stems from early social work practice. The first professional practice journal was called <The Family>, and now it is called <The Families in Society>. Social casework, as a method of social work practice, was born in a nationwide network of agencies called "family service"agencies. Mary Richmond was in the center of development of early social work. She developed a professional model of casework and devised the now familiar practice steps of study, diagnosis, treatment. The unit of steps was the family, Richmond translated her conviction about the importance of the family into her conception of social work practice. But, in 1920-1950, emphasizing a psychological/individualistic view, a lot of practitioner believed that the adaptation of an individual to the environment depends upon his mental makeup. The Family agencies which had originally defined the family as the case shifted to an individual focus in social work practice. The fifties saw a return to the family as the unit of attention. Social workers emphasize the importance of understanding family interaction in case situations. They define family centered social work as practice which is based on an understanding of the social and emotional needs of the family, and believed that the improvement of the social functioning of the family unit is achieved by direct or indirect treatment of the individual family member. In reviewing the relationship between social work and family, the family has sometimes been in the spotlight and at other times in the shadows. Today, family centerd social work is different from family therapy which is very popular in America. It is a theory and practical model on social work, not a theory on family therapy. Social worker co-work with other professionals in family therapy settings. We don't have any native practice model or theory about family social work practice in Korea. We need Mary Richmond.

푸들에서 발생한 악성혼합유선종양

박수진,조성환,류시윤,손화영 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2004 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

A 2cm sized solid mass was observed in the right inguinal lesion of a 10-years old poodle bitch. Radiological finding in the mass showed higher density than that of soft tissue and thoracic radiograph showed pulmonary interstitial pattern. Gross findings appeared a yellowish-brown solid mass containing cysts filled with brown colored mucoid fluids in the udder. And the lung showed multiple nodules scattered throughout the pulmonary parenchyma. In light microscopic finding, mass contained neoplastic proliferation of glandular epithelial and myoepithelial cells and showed metaplstic lesions of these cells to chondrous tissue. Glandular epithelial cells were undifferentiated and polygonal myoepithelial cells were frequently embedded in or surrounded by a pink to light blue mucinous matrix. Tumor cells of the pulmonary nodule had resemblance to neoplastic proliferation of glandular epithelial and myoepithelial cells observed in the mammary gland mass. Based on the gross and microscopic findings, the mass was diagnosed as malignant mixed tumor with metastasis to the lung.

자연오염세정식 순화유동충 열교환기 내 유동과 열전달

안수환,손강필 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2001 농업생명과학연구 Vol.35 No.-

원통다관형 열환기 내 고체입자들을 자연 순환시켜 오염물질을 세정함으로서 항상 오염이 되지 않는 순환유동층 열교환기를 개발하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자, 다양한 고체입자들에 따른 열전달과 유동특성의 변화를 조사하고, 또한 장시간에 걸친 오염 실험을 행하여 아래와 같은 결론을 얻었다. 유체 속도가 증가할수록 충돌횟수가 감소하였고 구리의 경우 1.3 m/s이상의 유속에서는 충돌이 이루어지지 않고 상승하였다. 비중이 클수록 대체로 항력계수가 증가하였고 내부 유동일 경우가 외부유동일 경우보다 항력계수가 컸다. Al 입자의 경우 순환 유동층 열교환기의 튜브내 유속을 0.4m/s~0.7m/s 범위로 하면 오염을 제거할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 열전달계수도 고체입자를 순환하지 않는 열교환기보다 2배 이상의 열전달계수 상승효과를 얻었다. The commercial viability of heat exchanger is mainly dependent on their long-term fouling characteristics because the fouling increases the pressure loss and degrades the thermal performance of a heat exchanger. An experimental study was performed to investigate the characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer in a fluidized bed heat exchanger with circulating various solid particles. The present work showed that the drag coefficients of particles in the internal flow were higher than in the external flow, in addition, the solid particle periodically hitting the tube wall broke the thermal boundary layer, and increased the rate of heat transfer. Particularly when the flow velocity was low, the effect was more pronounced.

초등학교 과학교과 생활통지표의 실태

이수환, 송명섭 대구교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2003 과학·수학교육연구 Vol.26 No.-