모래다짐말뚝과 널말뚝으로 처리된 연약점토지반의 거동

유남재,정길수,박병수,김경수 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究 Vol.26 No.B

Centrifuge model experiments were performed to investigate the confining effects of the sheet piles, installed to the sides of soft clay ground treated with sand compaction piles, on the bearing capacity and concentration ratio of composite ground. For the given g-level in the centrifuge model tests, replacement ratio of SCP and the width of surcharge loads on the surface of ground with SCP, the confining effects of installing the sheet piles on the edges of SCP ground on the bearing capacity, change of stress concentration ratio and failure mechanism were investigated. Kaolin, one of typical clay mineral, and Jumunjin standard sand were used as a soft clay ground and sand compaction pile irrespectively. As results of experiments, lateral confining effect by inserting the model sheet piles fixed to the loading plate was observed. For the strip surcharge loading condition, the yielding stress intensity in the form of the strip surcharge loads tends to increase with increasing the embedded depth of sheet piles. The stress concentration ratio was found not to be influenced consistently with the embedded depth of sheet piles whereas the effect of stress intensity on stress concentration ratio shows the general trend that values of stress concentration ratio are relatively high at the initial stage of loading and tend to decrease and converge to the certain values. For the failure mechanism in the case of reinforced with sheet piles, displacement behavior related to the punching failure, settlement right beneath the loading plate occurred since the soil was confined with sheet piles, was observed.

Selection Diversity of A Cooperative Network in Rayleigh Fading

Kim, Nam-Soo 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 2006 産業科學硏究 Vol.23 No.2

이 논문은 레일레이 페이딩 하에서 선택 합성 협동 다이버시티 시스템의 성능을 분석하였다. 그리고 네트워크의 생존성을 늘이기 위하여 릴레이 노드의 최적 전력제어 영역에 관하여 논하0였다. 직접 경로와 간접 경로의 평균 수신 신호 대 잡음비가 동일하다고 가정한 경우, 레일레이 페이딩 하에서 오 수신율 1×10^(-3)을 만족시키는 단일 릴레이 협동 다이버시티의 이득은 13.5 dB를 얻었다. 협동 다이버시티는 무선 센서 네트워크의 전력을 절약하고 성능을 개선하는데 적용할 수 있다. Performance of a selection combining cooperative diversity system is derived in Rayleigh fading. And the optimum power control range of a relay node is discussed to prolong the network lifetime. If the average received SNR (Signal-to-noise ratio) of direct and indirect path is equal, the gain of the single relay cooperative diversity is obtained 13.5 dB at the outage probability of 1×10^(-3) in Rayleigh fading. We conclude the cooperative diversity is a promising technique to save the power and to enhance the performance of a wireless sensor network.

점토굴착 사면의 거동에 관한 원심모형실험 및 수치해석

최민수,정길수,박병수,유남재 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2005 産業技術硏究 Vol.25 No.B

This paper is the results of experimental and numerical works on analyzing the geotechnical engineering behavior and characteristics of excavated clay slope formed by the method of excavated replacement which is one of treatments in soft soil ground. For the centrifuge model tests, models of excavated clay slope were prepared by remolding the marine clayey soil sampled from the field. Tests were performed with changing the slope to investigate the behavior of them. On the other hand, numerical analyses were carried out to analyze the change of safety factor against instability of slope with time. Changes of pore water pressure, shear strength and displacement were also investigated. As results of centrifuge model tests with slopes of 1:1.5 and 1:3 using the confining body of simulating the effect of excavation, for the case of 1:1.5, slope failure occurred right after remove the confining body whereas relatively small displacements within the range of 3.2mm, implying to maintain the stability of slope, were observed for the case of 1:3 slope. From the results of numerical analyses using the software of PLAXIS to investigate the stability of slope after excavation, the minimum safety factor against slope failure was 1.28 for the case of 1:3 slope. The further researches in the future are required with considerations of build up of static pore water pressures during acceleration of centrifuge, depth of excavation influencing the behavior of the slope and permeability of the slope since excavation of the slope was not simulated well resulted from the limitations of apparatus at the stage of excavation during the centrifuge tests.

Properties of β-Galactosidase fromLactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius Nam27

Hyoung Churl Bae,Gereltuya Renchinkhand,Myoung Soo Nam 한국축산식품학회 2007 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius Nam27 with a high β-galactosidase activity was selected for enzymatic charac-The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 5,312 units/mg. The molecular weight of native monomeric β-galactosi-dase was estimated to be 30,000 dalton (monomer) by the SDS-PAGE. The optimum temperature and optimum pH were50°C and 5.0, respectively. This enzyme was stable between 35 and 55°C. β-Galactosidase activity was lost rapidly abovepH 7.0. But β-galactosidase was more stable at pH 4.0 (acidic conditions). And β-galactosidase activity was lost rapidlyabove 65°C after 10 min incubation. Ca2+ and Zn2+ metal ions enhanced βwhile Cu2+, Fe3+ and Mn2+ lowered β-galactosidase activity by 58.29%, 85.10% and 77.66%, respectively. Other metal ionsdidn’t affect β-galactosidase activity significantly.

소아복부둔상시 저혈량성 쇽과 연관된 복부전산화 단층촬영술의 유용성

박광철,조수형,조남수,박진,변주남 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Background: We reviewed retrospectively the clinical features and contrast material-enhanced computed tomography(CT) after blunt abdominal trauma demonstrated a characteristic hypoperfusion complex. Our purpose were to evaluate the hypothesis that children with this "hypoperfusion complex" CT finding were associated with a tenuous hemodynamic state, severe injury and a poor outcome. Methods: Between January 1996 and December 1999, 39 consecutive children who sustained blunt trauma and were suspected clinically of having intraabdominal injury underwent CT. Demographic data, blood pressure, indication for CT, pediatric trauma score(PTS) and Glasgow coma score(GCS) were recorded at the time of the initial examination. Results: Three of the 39 children(8%) demonstrated a characteristic finding at CT which was described as the hypoperfusion complex. The "hypoperfusion complex" was present in the 3 of the 39 traumatized children(8%), but was the main radiographic finding in the 3 of the 14 children with a severe pediatric trauma score(PTS<8) and in the 3 of the 6 children with a Glasgow coma score(GCS<8) who were examined with CT. Conclusion: The CT findings in all children with the hypoperfusion complex by definition included marked, diffuse dilatation of the intestine with fluid; abnormally intense contrast enhancement of the bowel wall, mesentery, kidney and/or pancreas; decreased caliber of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava(IVC); and moderate to large peritoneal fluid collection. This "hypoperfusion complex" is a relatively rarely observed in injured children but appears to be associated with severe injury and a poor outcome. The pediatric trauma score provides a useful profile of injury severity in children. Prompt diagnosis of hypovolemic shock is important so that supportive therapy can be instituted to prevent further metabolic abnormalities and their potential cardiotoxic effects. In summary, the intense multiorgan enhancement pattern seen in the hypoperfusion complex indicates tenuous hemodynamic stability and is associated with a poor outcom.

Properties of β-Galactosidase from Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius Nam27

Bae, Hyoung-Churl,Renchinkhand, Gereltuya,Nam, Myoung-Soo Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2007 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius Nam27 with a high ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity was selected for enzymatic characterization. For purification, cell pellet was disrupted by Bead Beater, by DEAE-Sepharose and Mono-Q chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 5,312 units/mg. The molecular weight of native monomeric ${\beta}$-galactosidase was estimated to be 30,000 dalton (monomer) by the SDS-PAGE. The optimum temperature and optimum pH were $50^{\circ}C$ and 5.0, respectively. This enzyme was stable between 35 and $55^{\circ}C$. ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity was lost rapidly above pH 7.0. But ${\beta}$-galactosidase was more stable at pH 4.0 (acidic conditions). And ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity was lost rapidly above $65^{\circ}C$ after 10 min incubation. $Ca^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ metal ions enhanced ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity by 164.09% and 127.37% while $Cu^{2+}$, $Fe^{3+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$ lowered ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity by 58.29%,85.10% and 77.66% respectively. Other metal ions didn't affect ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity significantly.

응급의료센터로 내원한 헬기 후송 환자의 현황 및 분석

박진,조남수,조수형 대한응급의학회 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Our hospital is only emergency medical center that possess the landing zone of helicopter in chon-nam, Korea. An analysis of the present condition of helicopter-transport patient, was performed in order to pursuit and extend the availability of air transport in the future. The result were as follows; 1) The investigated in the present condition by yearly: 2 cases in 1991, 5 cases in 1992, 4 cases in 1993, 9 cases in 1994, 5 cases in 1995. 2) In the proportion of male to female, showed a ratio of three to one [male;72%(18), female;28%(7)] and showed third decade(7 cases), fifth decade(6 cases), sixth decade(4 cases) in comparison of age. 3) The geographical distribution of occurrence showed island areas(64%), inland areas(36%), and 6 cases of inland areas occurred of mountainous region. 4) One cause of events was traumatic causes(52%), which included traffic accident(5 cases) & fall down(4 cases). The other cause was disease(48%). 5) The expended time of helicopter from start to arrive at accident spot within Chon-nam area is from ten minutes to forty-five minutes, as mean expended time is thirty minutes. 6) The expended time from occurrence of patient to admitted hospital was from minimum twenty-five minutes to maximum eight hours and forty minutes, as expended time is one hundred and eighty-six minutes. 7) After arrived at landing zone, via emergency department to admitted patient; 12 cases, performed emergency operation; 4 cases, D.O.A. state; 2 cases, hopeless discharge; 2 cases, transfer to other hospital; 4 cases. Up to now, the present condition of helicopter-transport system was looked upon as petty affairs, and determination of transport was swayed by geographic element rather than severity of injury. And so, it is considered that epochal turning point is necessary for development of helicopter-transport system.

당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Thrombin-Antithrombin Ⅲ 및 Plasmin-α_2-Plasmin Inhibitor 복합체의 임상적 의의

김경욱,김은숙,정상수,윤수지,박우일,이준희,남수연,안철우,문병수,김경래,차봉수,송영득,임승길,이현철,허갑범 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.5

연구배경:당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 섬유소용해 체계의 이상경향이 있어 그 결과로 여러 혈관합병증의 발생위험이 높다는 사실은 널리 알려져 있다. 그 기전은 아직 확실히 밝혀지지 않았으나, 고혈당으로 인한 혈장 단백질들의 비효소성 당화작용이나 산화성 스트레스로 인한 유리 라티칼 작용으로 응고항진이나 섬유소용해 활성의 저하를 유발하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 최근 응고 및 용해인자와 그 억제자의 복합체들의 증가가 이 상태를 비교적 예민하게 반영한다고 알려져 있다. 방법:본 연구에서는 당뇨병 환자 101명과 정상 대조군 20명에서 혈장내 thrombin­antithrombin complex(TAT)와 plasmin­α₂­plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)를 측정하여 비교하고, 당뇨병 환자에서 미세혈관 합병증과 대혈관합병증의 유무에 따른 차이와, 이미 혈관 질환의 위험인자로 알려져 있는 인자들간의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결과:1. 환자의 분포를 살펴보면 혈관합병증이 있는 군은 85명, 혈관합병증이 없는 군은 16명이었고, 평균연령은 각각 57.9±14.1세, 49.9±16.6세로 혈관 합병증이 있는 군에서 더 나이가 많았고, 체질량지수는 23.2±3.4㎏/㎡, 24.1±3.4㎏/㎡로 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또 두 군간의 혈압 및 HbA1c, 공복혈당 및 인슐린과 C­peptide, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL­콜레스테롤, Lp⒜는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 미세혈관합병증이 있는 군에서 당뇨병의 유병기간이 길었다. 2. TAT 및 PIC의 농도는 정상 대조군에서는 2.8±1.2 ng/mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/mL이었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 9.5±22.6 ng/mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/mL이었다. TAT와 PIC 모두 당뇨병 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었고(p<0.001), TAT/PIC ratio는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 3. 당뇨병 환자의 혈관합병증에 따른 TAT 및 PIC, fibrinogen 농도는 합병증이 없는 군은 각각 4.1±2.4ng/mL, 362.2±272.0ng/mL, 322.7±102.4mg/mL으로 PIC와 fibrinogen의 증가를 보였으나, 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 또 대혈관 합병증군에서는 각각 6.0±4.9 ng/mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/dL이었으며 미세·대혈관 합병증군에서는 10.4±6.4 ng/mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/dL으로 TAT의 증가를 보였으나 역시 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 4. 미세혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 PIC 농도가 유의하게 높았고(p=0.049), 대혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 총 콜레스테롤 농도가 유의하게 높았다(p=0.042). 5. 총 당뇨병 환자군에서 PIC는 fibrinogen과 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(r=0.47, 0.31,-0.25), 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.67). 결론:이상의 결과에서 혈장 TAT 및 PIC 농도는 당뇨병 환자에서 정상 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가되어 있었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 연령의 증가와 유병기간이 혈액응고항진 및 용해의 장애에 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있었으며, 총 당뇨병 환자군에 PIC와 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 용해의 장애가 동반되어 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 혈장 TAT 및 PIC는 혈관합병증으로의 진행을 예측하는 지표로서 유용하리라 생각된다. 또 혈당조절정도와 상관성이 있으므로 혈당조절후에 추적검사를 시행하여 합병증의 예방이 가능한지 추후 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Background : Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolystic system is known as a predisposing factor of vascular complication in diabetes. Although the pathogenesis is not well known, non-enzymatic glycation reaction and the increase in production of free radicals due to an increased oxidative stress may be linked to the hypercoagulibility and hypofibrinolytic activity. As indices of abnormality in coagulation and firinolysis in peripheral blood, plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ complex (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were measured. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether hypercoagulability exists in diabetic patients with or without vascular complication. Methods : In our study, we measured plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ compelx (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibit or complex (PIC) in 101 diabetic subjects and 20 controls. Comparing TAT and PIC levels in diabetic microvascular complication group, diabetic macrovascular complication group and controls, we examined correlation between risk factors associated with diabetic vascular complication. Results : 1. The group with diabetic vascular complication was older than group without complication. There was no significant difference in BMI, blood pressure, HbA_ic, blood sugar level, insulin, C-peptide, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, Lp (a) between two groups. The group with diabetic microvascular complication had longer duration of diabetes. 2. Concentration of TAT and PIC were 2.8±1.2 ng/ mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/ mL in controls and 9.5±22.6 ng/ mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/ mL in diabetic patients, respectively. TAT and PIC were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control (p<0.001). But TAT/PIC ratio was no significant difference between two groups. 3. In diabetic patients, concentration of TAT and PIC and fibrinogen were respectively 4.1±2.4 ng/ mL, 362.2±272.0 ng/ mL, 322.7±102.4 mg/ dL in group without vascular complication and 5.3±4.1 ng/ mL, 529.5±258.7 ng/ mL, 374.9±106.2 mg/ dL in group with microvascular complication, which group had increase in PIC and Fibrinogen but no significance after correction of age. Concentration of TAT and PIC and Fibrinogen were 60.±4.9 ng/ mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/ mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/ dL in macrovascular complication, and 10.4±6.7 mg/ mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/ mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/ dL in combined vascular complication which group showed increase of TAT but also had no significant increase after correction of age. 4. In diabetic microvascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.049) had significant high PIC concentration. In diabetic macrovascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.042) had significant high total cholesterol concentration. 5. In all diabetic patients, PIC was positively correlated with fibrinogen and HbA_1c and negatively correlated BMI (r=0.47, 0.31, -0.25). Only in daibetic patients without angiopathy, TAT was positively correlated with HbA_1c (r=0.67). Conclusion : In this study, plasma TAT and PIC concentration significantly increased in diabetic patients compared with controls, and PIC was increased in group with microvascular complication, TAT were increased in group with combined micro macrovascular complication. However, there was no significance relationship existed when correctinf for age. PIC was correlated with HbA_1c. TAT was correlated with HbA_1c only in the group without angiopathy. Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolysis were combined in diabetes, plasma TAT and PIC can be used as an index of vascular complication. Also we found the correlation with the degree of the blood glucose control. Therefore we need follow up study for the possibility of prevention of vascular complication after controlling the blood glucose to age-matched patients (J Kor Diaabetes Asso 25:354~363, 2001).

Purification and Characterization of α-Galactosidase from Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius Nam27

Bae, Hyoung-Cchurl,Choi, Jong-Woo,Nam, Myoung-Soo Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2007 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27 possessed a high level of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase activity. Purified ${\alpha}$-galactosidase was obtained after sonication of harvested cell pellet followed by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Mono Q anion exchange chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 8,994 units/mg protein which is 17.09 times higher than that in crude extract. The native enzyme was a monomer with a molecular mass of 56,397.1 dalton. The optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme were $40^{\circ}C$ and 6.0, respectively. The enzyme was stable between 25 and $50^{\circ}C$. However, ${\alpha}$-galactosidase activity was lost rapidly below pH 4.5 and above pH 8.5. The enzyme activity decreased to 6.73% and 4.30% of the original activity by addition of $Cu^{2+}$ and $Hg^{2+}$, respectively. Other metal compounds did not affect the enzyme activity significantly. The enzyme liberated galactose from melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose. The rate of substrates hydrolysis was measured by HPLC. Raffinose, stachyose and melibiose were completely decomposed after 24 hr at $40^{\circ}C$.

대중매체와 무용예술의 상호작용

남수정 한국무용연구회 2008 한국무용연구 Vol.26 No.2

This study investigated the characteristics of mass media, arts, and dance, to discuss their relations. With the appearance of mass media, arts have been through three different changes. The influence of mass media provides dance with two different viewpoints. Firstly, the mass media plays a role as factor of influencing communication environment between performers and spectators. secondly, through its way of presenting media or technology, performance becomes a form of making a social estimate of technology. The literacy of mass media in arts, which operates as means of recording and preserving dance, analysing choreography and movement, teaching dance and manipulating stage set, also gives us many choices as one of new creation itself. It is fact that mass media raises a fundamental question on the essence of dance conditioned with uniqueness or temporality. However, the both is interdependent, and partially overlapped, and their creative or instrumental acceptance will enable to produce new type of dance. 본 연구는 문헌자료를 통해 대중매체와 예술, 그리고 무용 등의 본질과 관계를 살펴보고 논의하였다. 대중매체는 변화된 예술의 사회적 개념을 대중문화와 상호보완적으로 관계하도록 하기 위한 장(場)으로서 존재한다. 이의 출현으로 예술은 기존 각 예술 장르의 제작, 전달, 보존, 감상의 국면의 변화, 각기 다른 예술장르의 통합을 넘어선 새로운 미적 경험의 창출을 통한 변화, 새로운 매체에 의해 생산되는 방식의 예술 현상의 등장 등 세 가지 변화를 맞고 있다. 대중매체의 영향력은 무용예술에도 서로 다른 두 가지 관점을 제공한다. 첫째, 대중매체가 공연자와 관객 간의 커뮤니케이션 환경에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 작용하고 있고 둘째는 공연에 있어서 미디어나 테크놀로지가 표현되는 방식으로서 공연이 기술에 대한 사회적 평가를 내리는 하나의 형식이 된다는 것이다. 무용 기록과 보존, 무용 안무와 움직임의 분석, 무용교수와 무대장치 조작 수단의 도구로서 작용하는 대중매체의 예술적 활용은 새로운 창조물 자체로서도 선택을 부여하게 된다. 대중매체가 유일성을 예술의 조건으로 하는 전통적인 무용예술의 본질에 근본적인 문제를 제기하고 있는 것은 사실이 지만 양자는 상호의존적이며 부분적인 상호중복성이 존재하며 도구와 창조에 따른 수용은 새로운 유형의 무용예술 창출을 가능하게 할 것이다.