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Genetics and Biomarkers of Moyamoya Disease: Significance of RNF213 as a Susceptibility Gene
Miki Fujimura,Shinya Sonobe,Yasuo Nishijima,Kuniyasu Niizuma,Hiroyuki Sakata,Shigeo Kure,Teiji Tominaga 대한뇌졸중학회 2014 Journal of stroke Vol.16 No.2
Moyamoya disease is characterized by a progressive stenosis at the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery and an abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain. Although its etiology is still unknown, recent genome-wide and locus-specific association studies identified RNF213 as an important susceptibility gene of moyamoya disease among East Asian population. A polymorphism in c.14576G>A in RNF213 was identified in 95% of familial patients with moyamoya disease and 79% of sporadic cases, and patients having this polymorphism were found to have significantly earlier disease onset and a more severe form of moyamoya disease, such as the presentation of cerebral infarction and posterior cerebral artery stenosis. The exact mechanism by which the RNF213 abnormality relates to moyamoya disease remains unknown, while recent reports using genetically engineered mice lacking RNF213 by homologous recombination provide new insight for the pathogenesis of this rare entity. Regarding biomarkers of moyamoya disease, moyamoya disease is characterized by an increased expression of angiogenic factors and pro-inflammatory molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factors and matrix metalloproteinase-9, which may partly explain its clinical manifestations of the pathologic angiogenesis, spontaneous hemorrhage, and higher incidence of cerebral hyperperfusion after revascularization surgery. More recently, blockade of these pro-inflammatory molecules during perioperative period is attempted to reduce the potential risk of surgical complication including cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome. In this review article, we focus on the genetics and biomarkers of moyamoya disease, and sought to discuss their clinical implication.
Application of MIR-FEL Irradiation to Selectively Excite Phonons in Wide-gap Semiconductors
Kyohei Yoshida,Taro Sonobe,M. A. Bakr,Y. W. Choi,Ryota Kinjo,M. Omer,Masato Takasaki,Satoshi Ueda,Naoki Kimura,Keiichi Ishida,Kai Masuda,Toshiteru Kii,Hideaki Ohgaki 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.51
A mid-infrared free electron laser (MIR-FEL) (5 - 20 μm) facility (KU-FEL: Kyoto University Free Electron Laser) was constructed to aid in various energy science researchers at the Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University. In May 2008, the first power saturation at 13.2 μm was achieved. A pilot application to evaluate selective phonon excitation processes in solid materials by irradiating with MIR-FEL was implemented, and a preliminary experiment without FEL irradiation was conducted. N-doped silicon carbide (SiC) was selected as a sample material due to its unique electrical property where the lattice vibration and electronic structure are coupled. Two peaks at 1.8 - 2.4 eV and 2.4 - 2.8 eV, which showed strong temperature dependences in both their intensities and peak energy, were observed. These tendencies could be explained by a donor-acceptor pair luminescence (DAP) model with impurity and defects in the SiC sample. The results imply that we can verify the selective phonon excitation by investigating the change of PL spectrum introduced by MIR-FEL irradiation.
Development of an In-pipe micro mobile robot using peristalsis motion
Yuichi NAKAZATO,Yukihiro SONOBE,Shigeki TOYAMA 대한기계학회 2010 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.24 No.1
Currently, many researchers from various fields are engaged in developing machines that move in a tubular cylinder. Many such machines are being developed for industrial purposes, such as for the examination of ruptures at the joints of gas and water pipes and those caused by cracks. Studies specifically focused on applications to the medical field, such as the realization of machines that can travel through the intestines and blood vessels, have also been reported. In this study, we propose a microscopic moving mechanism that can move in 2-3 mm-diameter blood vessels by peristalsis motion with repeated expansion and contraction using hydraulic pressure, particularly using a physiological saline solution as an acting fluid. Peristalsis motion, observed in earthworms and nematodes, induces shape variation and a shift in the center of gravity, causing extensional waves to propagate and thus achieving movement without damage to the vulnerable inner walls of blood vessels. When this moving mechanism is combined with catheters, we can realize an active catheter that can reach a diseased site by itself. In this study, we created a microrobot with pistonlike hydraulic pressure sources outside both its ends. The microrobot can move back and forth as follows. When the piston pumps, the acting fluid is repeatedly injected into and ejected from the driving body, while the microrobot changes the length and width of its rubber body. The development of our microrobot and the results of its evaluation are reported in this paper.
Jonathan N. King,Atsushi Hirakawa,Junko Sonobe,Hiroshi Otaki,Nobuhiro Sakakibara,Wolfgang Seewald,Sophie Forster 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.1
A fixed-dose combination tablet of benazepril and pimobendan (Fortekor Plus; Elanco Animal Health) was tested in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) caused by myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in a three-arm, masked, randomized, non-inferiority clinical trial in Japan. The test group (n = 34) received Fortekor Plus twice daily. Two control groups received registered formulations of benazepril (Fortekor; Elanco Animal Health) and pimobendan (Vetmedin; Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica) with administration of Vetmedin twice daily and Fortekor twice (Control I, n = 14) or once (Control II, n = 19) daily. Diuretics were used in 22 dogs (32.8%). Global clinical scores decreased significantly from baseline in all groups; there were no significant differences between groups, and non-inferiority of Fortekor Plus compared to Control I, Control II, and combined Control I + II groups was demonstrated. There were no significant differences between groups for relevant clinical chemistry and hematology variables or frequency of all adverse events. Frequency of emesis was significantly (p = 0.0042) lower in the Fortekor Plus (8.8%) group than in the Control I + II (39.4%) group. In conclusion, Fortekor Plus had non-inferior efficacy and was associated with significantly less emesis compared to Fortekor and Vetmedin in dogs with CHF caused by MMVD
Combined Clozapine and Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Japanese Schizophrenia Patient: A Case Report
Yuta Yoshino,Yuki Ozaki,Koichiro Kawasoe,Shinichiro Ochi,Takanori Niiya,Naomi Sonobe,Teruhisa Matsumoto,Shu-ichi Ueno 대한정신약물학회 2014 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.12 No.2
Clozapine is well-known for successful use in schizophrenic patients treatment resistant to other antipsychotics. However, evenwith clozapine, 25% of schizophrenic patients are not in remission. Recently, as adjunctive treatment with clozapine, electroconvulsivetherapy has been reported to be an effective and safe adjunctive treatment. We report a Japanese schizophrenicwoman who was not in remission with clozapine alone but with both clozapine and electroconvulsive therapy.
Research Activities on a MIR-FEL and Table-Top THz Generation in Kyoto University
H. Ohgaki,T. Kii,K. Masuda,M. A. Bakr,K. Higashimura,R. Kinjo,S. Ueda,T. Sonobe,Y. U. Jeong,K. Yoshida 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.57 No.21
Free Electron Lasers (FEL), which could be useful for developing energy materials, have been exploited at the Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University. A mid-infrared FEL has been developed, and FEL gain saturation at 13.2 µm was achieved for the first time in May 2008. A FEL beam characterization was performed. A macro pulse energy of 5 mJ/pulse and a peak power of about 3 MW were achieved. A FEL beam transport system was constructed in the user room. Furthermore a tabletop THz FEL amplifier for the spectral range from 150 to 300 µm, which consists of a photocathode RF gun and an undulator, has been proposed to strengthen the materials research. For evaluation of the proposed design, a start-to-end simulation was carried out. An output power of about 350 kW is expected with the proposed system. Free Electron Lasers (FEL), which could be useful for developing energy materials, have been exploited at the Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University. A mid-infrared FEL has been developed, and FEL gain saturation at 13.2 µm was achieved for the first time in May 2008. A FEL beam characterization was performed. A macro pulse energy of 5 mJ/pulse and a peak power of about 3 MW were achieved. A FEL beam transport system was constructed in the user room. Furthermore a tabletop THz FEL amplifier for the spectral range from 150 to 300 µm, which consists of a photocathode RF gun and an undulator, has been proposed to strengthen the materials research. For evaluation of the proposed design, a start-to-end simulation was carried out. An output power of about 350 kW is expected with the proposed system.
? Research Activities on MIR-FEL and table top THz Generation inKyoto University
OHGAKI, Hideaki,KII, Toshiteru,MASUDA, Kai,Arby, ABDEL AZIEM MAHMOUD Bakr,HIGASHIMURA, Keisuke,KINJO, Ryota,YOSHIDA, Kyohei,UEDA, Satoshi,SONOBE, Taro,Uk, Jeong Young Korean Physical Society 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.57 No.2
Mahmoud Bakr,R. Kinjo,Y. W. Choi,M. Omer,K. Yoshida,S. Ueda,M. Takasaki,K. Ishida,N. Kimura,H. Zen,T. Sonobe,T. Kii,K. Masuda,H. Ohgaki 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.51
The heating property of LaB_6 and CeB_6 cathodes is investigated against the Back Bombardment (BB) effect in thermionic RF guns using numerical calculation of the stopping range and deposited heat power inside the cathode materials. Then the change in a cathode temperature and corresponding change of current density during 5.5 μs pulse duration are determined by solving two differential equations. The simulation results show that, the change of current density during the macropulse for LaB_6 two times higher than for CeB_6, hence, the effect of the BB electrons in CeB_6 is less than for LaB_6.