Subsequent Treatment Choices for Patients with Acquired Resistance to EGFR-TKIs in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Restore after a Drug Holiday or Switch to another EGFR-TKI?

Song, Tao,Yu, Wei,Wu, Shi-Xiu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1

The outcomes of first-generation EGFR-TKIs (Gefitnib and Erlotinib) have shown great advantages over traditional treatment strategies in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but unfortunately we have to face the situation that most patients still fail to respond in the long term despite initially good control. Up to now, the mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs has not been fully clarified. Herein, we sought to compile the available clinical reports in the hope to better understanding the subsequent treatment choices, particularly on whether restoring after a drug holiday or switching to another EGFR-TKI is the better option after failure of one kind of EGFR-TKI.

A Study on Developing North Korean Agricultural Information Management System

Song Tao,Kim Kye-Hyun Korea Spatial Information Society 2005 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.13 No.4

북한에서는 매년 기근 때문에 상당한 인명 손실이 있어왔다. 이러한 손실을 줄이기 위해 북한 정보와 함께 다양한 정보 공유를 통해 조사 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 또한, 그에 맞는 농작물 관리 시스템의 개발이 필요하다. 이 연구는 북한의 농작물 관리 시스템의 개발을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이 시스템은 북한의 수자원의 이용 상태뿐만 아니라, 농작물에 관한 정보를 수집하고, 관리하며, 분석하는 기능을 담고 있다. 그리고 이 시스템은 최종적으로 농작물 관리에 필요한 토지 이용 계획을 수립하고, 관련된 의사 결정을 하는데 도움을 준다. 첫 번째 결과물은 농작물과 수자원 관련 데이터를 수집하고 데이터베이스로 구축한 다음 사용자 요구에 맞춰 통합 시스템을 구축하는 것이다. 두 번째는 댐, 토지 피복도, 다리, 터널, 위성영상 등의 데이터를 이용하여 데이터베이스를 업데이트하고, 강화시킨다. 세 번째는 통계분석, 지속적인 데이터베이스 갱신, web-based 시스템으로 개발 등과 같은 유용한 기능 등을 추가하는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과물은 농업활동을 더 용이하게 하기 위해 연관된 데이터를 수집하고 분석하게 해준다. 그리고 식량 생산을 위해 효과적인 의사결정을 하게 한다. 게다가, 정보 공유를 통해, 농작물 관련 정보를 유용하게 사용하고 데이터 관리의 비용을 줄일 수 있다. In North Korea, there has been the considerable loss of human lives every year due to the deficiency of foods. Thus, in order to reduce such damages, a research project should be launched to provide various information for cooperation with North Korean government, and to develop proper agricultural information management system. Therefore, this research is mainly to develop North Korean Agricultural Information Management System (NKAIMS), which can collect, manage and analyze agricultural information and water resources utilization status of North Korea, and further support to make relevant decisions and establish the agricultural land-use plans. This research has three phases. The major outcome of the first phase is collecting the agricultural and water resources utilization data such as soils, rivers, streams, collective farms, etc., designing and building database, and developing integrated management system considering the users' requirements. The main work of the second phase is improving and reinforcing database such as adding the information of dams, land-over data, bridges, tunnels, satellite images, etc., inspecting and renewing such as importing detail attribute information of reservoirs, and improving system for more conveniently using. The third phase will be to supplement more useful functions such as statistic analysis, continually inspecting and improving database, and developing web-based system. The product of this research supports collecting and analyzing relevant data to facilitate easier agricultural activities and support effective decision making for food production in the preparation of unification. Moreover, through designing database considering sharing information and system expendability, it can support systematic data usability of agricultural information and save cost for data management.

Analysis on Management of Interest Rate Risks for China’s Commercial Banks against Interest Rate Marketization

Song, Tao,Yoon, Jong-Hoon 大田大學校 社會科學硏究所 2018 社會科學論文集 Vol.37 No.1

As interest rate marketization comes to an end, interest rate risks represent another major problem faced by commercial banks. To deal with this issue, this paper, based on models of interest rate risk management, employs GAP and GARCH models to discuss solutions by combining interest rate theories and practice. Evidence shows that state-owned large banks and small joint-equity banks have taken proactive policies towards short-term GAP. Meanwhile, small banks are quicker to changes of interest rates. Last, this paper provides reasonable suggestions from five perspectives.

Transient Snakes in an Ohmic Plasma Associated with a Minor Disruption in the HT-7 Tokamak

Songtao Mao,Liqing Xu,Liqun Hu,Kaiyun Chen 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.64 No.9

A transient burst (2 ms, an order of the fast-particle slowdown timescale) of a spontaneous snakeis observed for the first time in a HT-7 heavy impurity ohmic plasma. The features of the low-Zimpurity snake are presented. The flatten electron profile due to the heavy impurity reveals theformation of a large magnetic island. The foot of the impurity accumulation is consistent with thelocation of the transient snake. The strong frequency-chirping behaviors and the spatial structuresof the snake are also presented.

Double-frequency passive deformation sensor based on two-layer patch antenna

Songtao Xue,Zhuoran Yi,Liyu Xie,Guochun Wan 국제구조공학회 2021 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.27 No.6

To avoid the issues of incomplete strain transfer ratio and insufficient bonding strength of a monolithic stressed antenna, this paper presents an unstressed deformation sensor based on two-layer patch antenna for structural health monitoring. The proposed sensor is composed of a monolithic patch antenna and a stacked patch generating two fundamental resonant frequencies within a 3-to-7 GHz band. The resonant frequencies' shifts caused by the offset of the stacked patch were selected as the sensing parameters. An equivalent circuit was used to analyze the sensing method, which shows the relative displacement to be linear to the shift of resonant frequencies. This phenomenon was then checked by numerical simulation using the Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator 15 (HFSS15) and experiments in laboratory using both wired and wireless setups. Furthermore, the accuracy of measurement is verified to be increased by combining two resonant frequencies.

Electronic Structure and Half-metallicity of the Heusler Alloy Co2ZrGe

Songtao Li,Yang Liu,Zhi Ren,Xiaohong Zhang,Guodong Liu 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.7

The site preference, the electronic structure and the magnetic properties of Co2ZrGe have beenstudied by using first-principles calculations, and the stabilities of the Cu2MnAl-type and theHg2CuTi-type structures have been tested in this respect. The Cu2MnAltype structure is morefavorable than the Hg2CuTitype structure for the Co2ZrGe compound, and the equilibrium latticeparameter of the Cu2MnAltype Co2ZrGe alloy is 6.06 °A. The Co2ZrGe alloy is found to have anenergy gap in the minority spin direction at the Fermi level (EF ) and the majority spin band showsstrongly metallic characteristic. As a result, the Co2ZrGe alloy is predicted to be a half-metalwith 100% spin polarization of the conduction electrons at the EF . The calculated total magneticmoment is 2.00μB per unit cell, which is in line with the Slater-Pauling curve of Mt = Zt −24. TheCo atom-projected spin moment is 1.02μB, which mainly determines the total moment. Simultaneously,the Zr and the Ge atom moments are −0.08μB and 0.04μB, respectively. The Co2ZrGe alloymay be a promising material for application in future spintronics devices.

Natural frequency analysis and experiment for 3SPS+1PS parallel hip joint manipulator based on rigid-flexible coupling theory

Songtao Wang,Gang Cheng,Xihui Chen,Jianhua Yang 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.3

For analyzing natural frequency of a 3SPS+1PS parallel hip joint manipulator, a rigid-flexible coupling theory is proposed. 3SPS denotes that the PHJM has three legs and each leg type is SPS. 1PS denotes that the PHJM has one constrained leg and the constrained leg type is PS. The rigid finite element method and flexible finite element method are the base of the rigid-flexible coupling theory. Firstly, the basic element models of the PHJM are established based on the rigid-flexible coupling analysis. Secondly, the elastic dynamic models of the flexible legs are established based on the Lagrange equation and flexible finite method. Finally, the rigid-flexible coupling model of the PHJM is assembled by building the relationship between the rigid and flexible elements. Based on the rigid-flexible model, the natural frequency of the PHJM is analyzed. In addition, the effect parameters of the natural frequency are analyzed. The analysis results of the natural frequency show that the natural frequency is symmetric distribution in the working space, and the minimum value of the 1 st order natural frequency is 2.3 Hz. The operating frequency (1 Hz) is much lower than the 1 st order natural frequency, so the PHJM will not generate resonance and can operate stably. The analysis results of the parameter show that the PHJM has the minimal sensitivity with the effect parameter E and has the maximal sensitivity with the effect parameter H, so the length of the middle leg has the biggest impact on the natural frequency. Natural frequency analysis results have been checked by the hammer test, which verifies the feasibility of the rigid-flexible coupling theory. At the same time, the regression analysis is carried out based on the hammer test results. Using the rigid-flexible coupling theory to solve the natural frequency of the parallel manipulator, the physical meaning is explicit and the modeling process is clear, so the rigid-flexible coupling theory is a universal method.

Viscoelastic Fatigue Damage Properties of Asphalt Mixture with Different Aging Degrees

Songtao Lv,Chaochao Liu,Jianlong Zheng,Zhanping You,Lingyun You 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.22 No.6

In order to reveal the effects of aging on fatigue damage evolution pattern of asphalt mixture, and to reveal the fatigue damagepatterns of asphalt pavement during its service life more accurately, the viscoelastic fatigue damage model for the aged asphaltmixtures was proposed based on the Burgers viscoelastic model. The dissipation energy was taken as the damage variable, and thedirect tension fatigue tests for asphalt mixture in five different aging degrees were conducted. The viscoelastic parameters of the agedasphalt mixtures were obtained.The calculationmethod of the cumulative fatigue damage was proposed, which considers the agingeffects. Moreover, the critical fatigue damage degree and fatigue life calculation equations were derived by employing the fatiguedamage model, which were calculated and compared. The calculation errors range from 3% to 18%, which was within an acceptableerror range of 30%. The research results show that the aging has a prominent impact on fatigue properties of asphalt mixtures, whichcould be illustrated by the change of the parameters of the viscoelastic fatigue damage model for the aged asphalt mixtures. Theprediction precision of fatigue life is acceptable for using the proposed viscoelastic fatigue damage model.

Waste management in Greece and in China and potential for waste-to-energy

( K. Songtao ),( W Kun ),( E. Kalogirou ),( A. C. Bourtsalas ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2011 ISWA Vol.2011 No.0

The Waste to Energy Research and Technology Council - “SYNERGIA” (www.wtert.gr, www.synergia.com.gr) is a non-profitable, scientific organisation. Its mission is to promote the sustainable waste management techniques and especially Waste-to-Energy (WTE) technologies. In this paper the current generation and disposition of MSW in Greece is compiled and analysed; and proposal for inclusion of waste-to-energy is examined, and the successful case of China is presented. A study conducted by Bourtsalas presented detailed information on the generation and current disposition of municipal solid wastes in the thirteen Regions of Greece. It was estimated that about 6 million tons of MSW were generated in 2010, of which 23% was recycled, 2% composted, 50% was disposed in sanitary landfills that recover some biogas; the remainder (1.5 million tons) is dumped in 316 non-regulated and illegal landfills.The European Union Legislation for Sanitary Landfills (1999/31/EC), imposes the decrease of biodegradable waste that are deposit to sanitary landfills; thus WTE methods of MSW is one of the best, in terms of affordability in a competitive world and environmental friendly, proposed solutions. A specific proposal for the implementation of a waste-to-energy facility in the most populous Region of Greece is presented. The calorific values of the MSW generated in China ranges from 3,5 MJ/ kg to 5 MJ/ kg, relatively low comparing with other nations. Contradictory to that, China is ranked 4th, after the EU,Japan, and the US, in the world concerning the facilities of waste-to-energy, operating 100 such plants. However, the incineration of municipal waste involves the generation of climate-relevant emissions. In this paper, data from the emissions of Chinas’ WTE plants are presented as well.

청대 숭양서원 생원모집 및 교학활동

궁숭도 ( Gong Songtao ) 한국서원학회 2017 한국서원학보 Vol.5 No.-

숭양서원은 중국 하남성 등봉시 숭산 남쪽에 위치하고 있으며 오대 후당 나라 청태 원년(공원934년)에 설립되고 1083년의 역사를 가지고 있다. 호남 창사의 악록서원, 강서 여산의 백록동서원 그리고 하남 상구의 응천서원과 함께 “사대서원”으로 알려져 있다. 문물이 풍부하고 예로부터 천하에 명성을 떨치는 숭양서원은 현재 중국 “전국중점문물보호단위” 로 지정되었으며 유네스코세계문화유산에 등재되었다. 청 초기에 저명한 학자인 경개(耿介)가 초청을 받아 20년 가까이 산장을 맡았다. 서원 문을 열어 우수한 학생을 선발하고 교육시키고 훌륭한 인재를 많이 배출하였다. 경개(耿介)의저작인『경서당문집』에따르면경개본인으로만총115 차례로 선발한 생도는 무려 123명이었다. 이 생도들은 출신지역이 하남성, 산서성, 하북성, 강서성, 산동성, 섬서성 등으로 매우 광범위적이고, 생도의 나이 또한 최소 20살 미만에서 최고 60살까지 여러 연령층이 포함되어 있었다. 그리고 학습기간도 가장 짧게 반나절이나 6일 동안 하는 자도 있고 6년 이상 길게 하는 자도 있다. 경개는 과거취사의 선발기준으로 하여 자기가 뽑은 123명의 생도들을 교육시키고, 생도들의 학업을 크게 증진시켰다. 초보적인 자료확인을 통해 이들 생도 중 과거시험에 합격하여 공명을 얻은 자가 백 여 명 정도가 된다는 사실을 알 수 있다. 그 중에 특히 경일진(景日?)은 숭양서원 생도들 중 가장 뛰어난 대표자이다. 그는 서원에 6년 넘게 칩거하면서 공부를 하였는데 성적이 출중하며, 결국 강희26년(1687) 정묘과 거인 제 14인 합격자, 강희27년(1688)무진과 진사 제46인, 강희30년(1691)신미과 전시 제36인으로 급제하였고 일품대신으로 성장하였다. 숭양서원의 의주규범은, 예를 들어 강희13년(1674)의 『보인회약』, 『위학육칙』 및 강희17년(1678)의 『경서당학규』 등이 모두 학생을 대상으로 제정한 것이고 교사에 관련한 내용이 없었다. 세 학규는 모두 山長인 경개가 당시 서원의 실제 상황에 따라 제작한 것이고 또 직접 감독하여 실시하도록 하였다. 경개가 초청을 받아 숭양서원 산장을 맡게 된 당시에 숭양서원에서 교사강서(講書)에 관해 일정한 규정양식이 없었다. 이 상황을 본 경개는 규범적인 강서의주가 없기 때문에 서원의 일상 운영도 규범적으로 될 수도 없으며, 이 어수선하고 무질서한 상황을 수습하지 않으면 안되고 반드시 일정한 준칙을 해 놓아야 한다는 생각이 들었다. 그는 관련 역사 전적 기록을 알아보고 당시에 많이 보이고 그리고 대부분 사람들에게 인정 받은 강서의주양식도 참고하며 또 당시 숭양서원에서 강학하고 있었던 염근조(??祖)、이래장(李來章), 장목(張沐), 두극근(?克勤), 초흠총(焦欽寵), 장훈(張壎) 등 유명한 교사 및 학자들과 상의한 끝에 『숭양서원강서의주』를 처음으로 제정하였다. 이 의주는 교사가 강학할 때의 복장, 행동, 예절, 언어, 강학내용 등에 대해 특별히 규정해 주는 것이었다. 서원에서 몇 년 동안의 시행, 보완 단계를 거쳐 모두들에게 인정을 받았고 강희21년(1682)에 정식으로 실행되기 시작하였다. 한때는 중원지역 크고 작은 서원들이 모두 따라서 실행하는 강서의주의 표준으로 되었다. 숭양서원에서의 강학내용은 비교적 실용적이고 생도들의 과거시험 대비를 위주로 한 것이었다. 강의를 하는 학자들은 생도들이 각각의 학업진도에 따라 집중적으로 교육시키고 생도들의 문화적 소양을 향상시킨다. 현존 자료에 의하면 청대 숭양서원에 과거시엄에 합격하여 입사(入仕)한 생도들의 비율이 꽤 높은 편이었다. 이는 역시 청대 숭양서원이 높은 명성을 누리는 이유 중의 하나다. 본고에서 소개한 10 여 편의 강의원고를 통해 숭양서원의 강의내용은 이학의 전파와 강습을 위주로 하는 사실을 확인할 수 있다. 무엇보다 더 강조한 것은 항상 국가의 발전과 백성의 삶에 관심을 가져야 한다는 것이다. 중국 고대 문인들의 나라와 백성의 운명을 걱정해주는 우국우민(憂國憂民)의 의식과 나라를 위해 출사하고 헌신한다는 의지를 잘 들어내고 있다. 嵩陽書院位于中國河南省登封市嵩山南麓, 創建于五代后唐淸泰元年(934), 距今已有1083年的歷史, 與湖南長沙的岳麓書院、江西廬山的白鹿洞書院、河南商丘的應天書院號稱“四大書院” , 文物瞻富, 名揚古今。現爲全國重点文物保護單位, 世界文化遺産。淸代初年著名學者耿介受聘出任嵩陽書院山長近20年, 開門辦學, 選拔優秀學子, 學而敎之, 培育成才。依据耿介所著『敬恕堂文集』記載, 僅其一人先后115次招收生徒共計123人在書院學習, 這些學生來分別來自中國河南、山西、河北、江蘇、山東、?西等地, 年齡最小的不到20歲, 年齡最大的整整60歲;學習時間最短的僅有半天和六天, 時間長的超過六年以上;耿介根据科擧取士的選拔標准, 對自己選拔出來的123名生徒進行傳道、授業、解惑, 生徒學業大有進步。經過初步査?相關資料知道, 這120多人中, 有百余人通過科擧, 取得功名, 特別是景日??居書院學習六年余, 成績比較優秀, 康熙二十六年(1687)丁卯科擧人第14名、康熙二十七年(1688)戊辰科進士第46名、康熙三十年(1691)辛未科殿試第36名, 官居一品, 是嵩陽書院生徒中的??者。嵩陽書院學規主要是針對學生制定的, 如康熙十三年(1674)『輔仁會約』、『爲學六則』和康熙十七年(1678)『敬恕堂學規』, 沒有涉及敎師的儀注內容, 這三則學規都是山長耿介根据當時實際情況親自制定幷督行的。當時關于嵩陽書院敎師講書的儀注沒有統一的范式, 儀注, 就是書院講書的禮儀和制度。耿介受聘任嵩陽書院山長后, 感覺到敎師講書儀注不規范, 書院的日常運行也就不規范, 要有一個統一的標准, 不能五花八門。耿介經過査閱歷史典籍記載, 結合當時比較常見的、大多數人都比較認可的講書儀注形式, 與當時同在書院講學的諸位名師碩儒如??祖、李來章、張沐、?克勤、焦欽寵、張壎等商討一致, 初定『嵩陽書院講書儀注』, 專門針對敎師講學時的服?、禮行、言語、講學內容等進行規范和約束, 施行數年, 又經過不斷的補充和完善, 大家感覺良好, 康熙二十一年(1682), 『嵩陽書院講書儀注』正式施行, 一時間, 中原地區大小書院盡皆倣效, 成爲講書儀注之標尺。嵩陽書院講學內容比較實用, 主要是爲諸位生徒參加科擧考試而進行的講學活動, 書院諸位學者根据所招收生徒的學業程度, 有針對性的進行輔導敎學, 提高生徒的文化修養程度, 依据目前有關史料知道, 淸代嵩陽書院生徒參加科擧入仕的比例是?高的, 這是嵩陽書院在淸代享有?高聲譽的最主要的原因之一。本文以耿介的10多篇講稿題目爲例, 可以看出, 嵩陽書院的敎學內容是以傳習理學爲主, 更重要的是時刻關注國計民生的發展, 反映出中國古代文人們强烈的憂國憂民意識和觀念, 時刻做好“出仕” 的准備, 報效國家。