Subsequent Treatment Choices for Patients with Acquired Resistance to EGFR-TKIs in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Restore after a Drug Holiday or Switch to another EGFR-TKI?

Song, Tao,Yu, Wei,Wu, Shi-Xiu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1

The outcomes of first-generation EGFR-TKIs (Gefitnib and Erlotinib) have shown great advantages over traditional treatment strategies in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but unfortunately we have to face the situation that most patients still fail to respond in the long term despite initially good control. Up to now, the mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs has not been fully clarified. Herein, we sought to compile the available clinical reports in the hope to better understanding the subsequent treatment choices, particularly on whether restoring after a drug holiday or switching to another EGFR-TKI is the better option after failure of one kind of EGFR-TKI.

A Study on Developing North Korean Agricultural Information Management System

Tao Song,Kye-hyun Kim 대한공간정보학회 2005 Spatial Information Research Vol.13 No.4

The Analysis on the Influence of Risk Perception on Behavioral Intention of Cycling into Tibet

( Tao Song ),( Shulin Liu ) 아시아스포츠융합과학회 2020 Asia Pacific Journal of Applied Sport Sciences Vol.1 No.3

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to establish a structural equation model of the influence of risk perception on satisfaction and behavioral intention of cycling into Tibet, and to verify the relationship between natural risk, social risk, cultural risk, organizational risk, satisfaction and behavioral intention. METHOD Taking cycling into Tibet as the background, people cycling into Tibet in the past three years were taken as the main research samples. A total of 380 questionnaires were collected online for research and analysis through the WJX questionnaire network platform. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model were used to analyze the collected data. RESULT The results showed that (1) cyclists cycling into Tibet were engaged in serious leisure and their natural risk perception positively affected their behavioral intentions. (2) satisfaction was an important predictor of their behavioral intentions cycling into Tibet. (3) social, cultural and organizational risk negatively affected satisfaction. CONCLUSION Satisfaction is an important factor in the behavior intention of cycling into Tibet. The results of this study provided some practical suggestions for the organization and management of cycling into Tibet, as well as suggestions for future studies, such as theoretical supports for tourists' behavioral intentions like revisiting Tibet.

Integral Sliding Mode based Control for Quadrotors with Disturbances: Simulations and Experiments

Tao Jiang,Tao Song,Defu Lin 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2019 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.17 No.8

This work proposes a compound control which combines backstepping control and integral sliding mode (ISM) idea. The backstepping framework is adopted to guarantee nominal performance of the closed-loop system, while the use of ISM is to eliminate the adverse effect of perturbations such that nominal performance is recovered. To avoid the chattering problem of ISM control, novel multivariable super-twisting algorithm is introduced to attenuate this phenomenon. Furthermore, the proposed control law is applied to tackle trajectory tracking problem of quadrotors subjected to parameter uncertainties and external perturbations. To avoid the singularity of rotation dynamics, quaternion-based control is applied in attitude controller design. A rigorous proof for stability of the closed-loop system is derived by the Lyapunov theory. Finally, several comparative simulations and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.

TETRAVALENT SYMMETRIC GRAPHS OF ORDER 9p

Song-Tao Guo,Yan-Quan Feng 대한수학회 2012 대한수학회지 Vol.49 No.6

A graph is symmetric if its automorphism group acts transi-tively on the set of arcs of the graph. In this paper, we classify tetravalent symmetric graphs of order 9p for each prime p.

Analysis on Management of Interest Rate Risks for China’s Commercial Banks against Interest Rate Marketization

Song, Tao,Yoon, Jong-Hoon 大田大學校 社會科學硏究所 2018 社會科學論文集 Vol.37 No.1

As interest rate marketization comes to an end, interest rate risks represent another major problem faced by commercial banks. To deal with this issue, this paper, based on models of interest rate risk management, employs GAP and GARCH models to discuss solutions by combining interest rate theories and practice. Evidence shows that state-owned large banks and small joint-equity banks have taken proactive policies towards short-term GAP. Meanwhile, small banks are quicker to changes of interest rates. Last, this paper provides reasonable suggestions from five perspectives.

Construction of Potent Insecticide Leads, Novel Bacillus thuringiensis cry1-type Genes

Song Eun Kim,Jae Young Choi,Xue Ying Tao,Qin Liu,Saes Byeol An,Seok Hee Lee,Woo Jin Kim,Yeon Ho Je 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04

Crystals of proteinaceous insecticidal proteins, Cry proteins, produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been generally used to control insect pests. In this study, through the 3D structure prediction and accompanying mutagenesis study for the Mod-Cry1Ac, 7 and 16 amino acid residues from domain I and II, respectively, responsible for its insecticidal activity against larvae of Spodoptera exigua and Ostrinia furnacalis were identified. To construct novel cry genes with enhanced insecticidal activity, we randomly mutated these 23 amino acid sequences by in vitro muti site-directed mutagenesis, resulting in totally 24 mutant cry genes. For further characterization, these mutant cry genes were expressed as a fusion protein with polyhedrin using baculovirus expression system. SDS-PAGE analysis of the recombinant polyhedra revealed that expressed Cry proteins was occluded into polyhedra and activated stably to 65 kDa by trypsin. When the insecticidal activities of these mutant Cry proteins against to larvae of P. xylostella and S. exigua were assayed, they showed higher or similar insecticidal activity compared to those of Cry1Ac and Cry1C. Especially, among them Mutant-N16 showed the highest insecticidal activity against to both of P. xylostella and S. exigua. Therefore, Mutant-N16 is considered to have the potential for the efficacious biological insecticide.

A Study on Developing North Korean Agricultural Information Management System

Song Tao,Kim Kye-Hyun Korea Spatial Information Society 2005 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.13 No.4

북한에서는 매년 기근 때문에 상당한 인명 손실이 있어왔다. 이러한 손실을 줄이기 위해 북한 정보와 함께 다양한 정보 공유를 통해 조사 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 또한, 그에 맞는 농작물 관리 시스템의 개발이 필요하다. 이 연구는 북한의 농작물 관리 시스템의 개발을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이 시스템은 북한의 수자원의 이용 상태뿐만 아니라, 농작물에 관한 정보를 수집하고, 관리하며, 분석하는 기능을 담고 있다. 그리고 이 시스템은 최종적으로 농작물 관리에 필요한 토지 이용 계획을 수립하고, 관련된 의사 결정을 하는데 도움을 준다. 첫 번째 결과물은 농작물과 수자원 관련 데이터를 수집하고 데이터베이스로 구축한 다음 사용자 요구에 맞춰 통합 시스템을 구축하는 것이다. 두 번째는 댐, 토지 피복도, 다리, 터널, 위성영상 등의 데이터를 이용하여 데이터베이스를 업데이트하고, 강화시킨다. 세 번째는 통계분석, 지속적인 데이터베이스 갱신, web-based 시스템으로 개발 등과 같은 유용한 기능 등을 추가하는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과물은 농업활동을 더 용이하게 하기 위해 연관된 데이터를 수집하고 분석하게 해준다. 그리고 식량 생산을 위해 효과적인 의사결정을 하게 한다. 게다가, 정보 공유를 통해, 농작물 관련 정보를 유용하게 사용하고 데이터 관리의 비용을 줄일 수 있다. In North Korea, there has been the considerable loss of human lives every year due to the deficiency of foods. Thus, in order to reduce such damages, a research project should be launched to provide various information for cooperation with North Korean government, and to develop proper agricultural information management system. Therefore, this research is mainly to develop North Korean Agricultural Information Management System (NKAIMS), which can collect, manage and analyze agricultural information and water resources utilization status of North Korea, and further support to make relevant decisions and establish the agricultural land-use plans. This research has three phases. The major outcome of the first phase is collecting the agricultural and water resources utilization data such as soils, rivers, streams, collective farms, etc., designing and building database, and developing integrated management system considering the users' requirements. The main work of the second phase is improving and reinforcing database such as adding the information of dams, land-over data, bridges, tunnels, satellite images, etc., inspecting and renewing such as importing detail attribute information of reservoirs, and improving system for more conveniently using. The third phase will be to supplement more useful functions such as statistic analysis, continually inspecting and improving database, and developing web-based system. The product of this research supports collecting and analyzing relevant data to facilitate easier agricultural activities and support effective decision making for food production in the preparation of unification. Moreover, through designing database considering sharing information and system expendability, it can support systematic data usability of agricultural information and save cost for data management.

A Simplified Calculation Method for Multi-Tower Self-Anchored Suspension Bridges Based on Frame Structure Theory Model

Tao Song,Baoqun Wang,Yifan Song 한국강구조학회 2022 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.22 No.1

In this paper, a simplifi ed method for the multi-tower self-anchored suspension bridges (SASB) under live load was derived., an analytical model defi ned as frame structure model was proposed for solving structural behavior of the multi-tower SASB. The bridge consisted of the towers and equivalent spring elements that replacing main cables, hangers and main girders in this equivalent model. The proposed method for the equivalent spring stiff ness took into account the compression of the main girder and elastic elongation of the main cable. The horizontal forces of the main cable were computed by using the unstrained length method and equilibrium equations of the tower, then governing equations for the tower and the main girder were derived by using free-body and simply supported beam. The displacements and moment reactions of the tower and the main girder were solved by the proposed method. The fi nite-element model (FEM) for triple-tower SASB was established to validate the proposed method, and a comparison of the proposed method was good to agree with numerical results, demonstrating that the proposed method can provide accurate estimations for structural behavior under live load.

Construction of Novel Bacillus thuringiensis cry1-type Genes with Improved Insecticidal Activities

Song Eun Kim,Jae Young Choi,Xue Ying Tao,Qin Liu,Joo Hyun Lee,Saes Byeol An,Seok Hee Lee,Woo Jin Kim,Yeon Ho Je 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

Varieties of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal proteins, Cry proteins, have so far been found as one of the most successful biological control agents which are safe to natural environments for a long time. Recently, cry genes encoding these Cry proteins have been widely applied for construction of transgenic crops resistant to pest insects. In this study, through the 3D structure prediction and accompanying mutagenesis study for the Mod-Cry1Ac, 7 and 16 amino acid residues from domain I and II, respectively, responsible for its insecticidal activity against larvae of Spodoptera exigua and Ostrinia furnacalis were identified. To construct novel cry genes with improved insecticidal activity, we randomly mutated these 23 amino acid sequences by in vitro muti site-directed mutagenesis, resulting in totally 24 mutant cry genes. For further characterization, these mutant cry genes were expressed as a fusion protein with polyhedrin using baculovirus expression system. SDS-PAGE analysis of the recombinant polyhedra revealed that expressed Cry proteins was occluded into polyhedra and activated stably to 65 kDa by trypsin. In the further study, we plan to investigate their insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella, S. exigua and O. furnacalis larvae.