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Progress in Preparation of Cellulase from Lignocellulose Using Fungi
Hui Jiao,Xiang-Yang Song,Chenhuan Lai,Hao Fang,Yuqi Song,Junjun Zhu 한국생물공학회 2021 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.26 No.6
Lignocellulosic biomass such as agricultural and forestry waste is the most abundant renewable organic carbon source on earth and can be used to produce source of clean energy such as ethanol. One of the disadvantages of the preparation of ethanol using lignocellulose as raw material is the high cost of production of cellulase. Fungi are capable of effectively degrading lignocellulose and secreting a large amount of cellulase, and have the advantages of ease of preparation, high yield, and full enzyme systems. Therefore, this paper reviews sources of lignocellulose and the biodegradation properties which limit the production of cellulase, proposes micro-organisms capable of degrading lignocellulose and explains the types of cellulase, and the mechanism of action, methods of fermentation optimization, and control are analyzed, and ways to increase the yield of cellulase are described. Finally, research on the effects of inducers on the production of cellulase by fungi is reviewed. The aims of this review are to provide a reference for the efficient production and industrial application of cellulase.
Study on the Heterogeneous Reaction of SO₂ and NO₂ on Coal Ash
Ru-Jiao Song,Zi-Xiang Xu,Joo-Chang Park,Hueon Namkung,Li-Hua Xu,Hyung-Taek Kim 한국열환경공학회 2019 한국열환경공학회 학술대회지 Vol.2019 No.춘계
Harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide produced by coal combustion are the main source of air pollution. The heterogeneous reaction of polluting gases and coal ash particles has an important impact on atmospheric pollution. The sulphate formed by the oxidation of SO2 from coal combustion is combined with the dust generated by coal combustion, resulting in a large amount of adsorbed water on the surface becoming agglomerated nucleus, which forms a dense fog, affects the visibility of the atmosphere, and endangers human health. The existing research results show that serious damage to personnel is not only polluted gases such as SO2 and primary particulate matter directly discharged from coal combustion, but mainly secondary particles such as sulfate and nitrate formed by chemical reaction of SO2 and NO2 on the surface of particulate matter. Studying the formation process of secondary particulate matter on the surface of coal ash is crucial to improve the atmospheric environment around the power plant and other institutions. The heterogeneous reaction of mixed gas SO2, NO2 and air on the surface of the coal ash particles was investigated based on the laboratory-built aerosol reactor under ambient temperature and pressure conditions. Experimental studies have found that the relative humidity, light conditions and gas concentration will affect the process of SO2 and NO2 gas in the heterogeneous transformation of coal ash into secondary particles.
Jiao Han,YiMing Zeng,Ying Song,HongQuan Liu 대한금속·재료학회 2019 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.15 No.3
SrTiO 3 fi bers were fabricated by an in situ hydrothermal method using hydrated TiO 2 fi bers as both template and reactant. La 0.1 Dy 0.1 Sr 0.75 TiO 3 powders containing x wt.% SrTiO 3 fi bers ( x = 0, 1, 3, 5) were prepared by the sol–gel method andthen sintered at 1450 °C under a reducing atmosphere (N 2 /H 2 = 95/5). XRD analysis showed that the samples were mainlycomposed of SrTiO 3 phase and a few Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7 phase. TiO 2 phase was detected in the samples with x = 3 and x = 5, and itspeak intensity clearly reinforced with increasing x . With the addition of SrTiO 3 fi bers, the electrical conductivity increasedsignifi cantly and the Seebeck coeffi cient kept almost unchanged, resulting in a high power factor of 1015 μW m −1 K −2 at200 °C with a loading of 3 wt.% SrTiO 3 fi bers. Meanwhile, combined with low thermal conductivity, the sample with 3 wt.%SrTiO 3 fi bers showed the peak ZT value of 0.19 at 500 °C, which was 127% higher than that of La 0.1 Dy 0.1 Sr 0.75 TiO 3 .
Song, Zhigang,Yuan, Lei,Jiao, Hongchao,Lin, Hai Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.12
This paper reports the peripheral and central effect of corticosterone on feed intake and hypothalamic corticotropinreleasing hormone (CRH) gene expression in chicks fed a high energy diet. Three experiments were conducted: corticosterone was supplemented to the feed (30 mg/kg diet), injected subcutaneously (s.c., 4 mg/kg body weight) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v., 4 ng). The results showed that dietary corticosterone significantly increased feed intake. The s.c. corticosterone administration increased feed intake within 1 to 3 h and at 1 to 5 h after the injection. The i.c.v. corticosterone administration increased feed intake within 1 h after the injection, but not at 1 to 3 h. Dietary supplementation and s.c. injection of corticosterone decreased the CRH gene expression in the hypothalamus. Therefore, peripheral corticosterone exerted a decreased effect on hypothalamic CRH mRNA levels, and corticosterone had a stimulating effect on feed intake in broiler chicks fed a high energy diet.
Song, Zhigang,Zhu, Lixian,Zhao, Tong,Jiao, Hongchao,Lin, Hai Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.10
The effects of dietary copper (Cu) supplementation in broiler chickens challenged with a single injection of Salmonella typhymurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the antioxidant capacity and plasma levels of ceruloplasmin (Cp) were evaluated. The broiler chickens were provided with a basal diet or diets supplemented with 8 and 50 mg/kg Cu from 1d of age. At 25d of age, 48 chickens with similar body weight were selected from each diet. Half of the chickens in each dietary treatment were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with LPS (1 mg/kg body weight). The other half was injected with saline, serving as the control. Body weight gain and feed consumption were significantly suppressed by LPS challenge during the first 12-h after injection, regardless of dietary Cu levels. Feed efficiency was reduced by LPS injection during the 72-h experimental period. Dietary Cu levels had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the plasma ceruloplasmin concentrations in chickens injected with saline. In contrast, high dietary level of Cu elevated plasma Cp levels in chickens with LPS challenge. Short-term LPS challenge had no significant effect on the antioxidant ability of broilers, as indicated by superoxide dismutase, ferric reducing/antioxidant power and the thiobarbituric acid reacting substances in the plasma. The result suggests that high dietary Cu level (as much as 50 mg/kg supplementation) is favorable for coping with short-term LPS challenge through upregulating plasma Cp levels.