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지속성 외래 복막투석 환자에서 염증 지표와 고해상도 B 모드 경동맥 초음파 소견의 연관성에 관한 연구
송현용,송영수,안철우,강신욱,최규헌,하성규,이현철,이호영,한대석 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.2
배 경 : 저알부민혈증 및 C-반응 단백(C-reactive protein, CRP)이 증가된 지속성 외래 복막투석 환자의 사망률이 높은 정확한 이유는 밝혀져 않다. 혈액투석 환자에서처럼 복막투석 환자에서 저알부민혈증 및 염증반응이 심혈관계 질환 위험인자 인지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 비당뇨병성 말기 신부전, 지속성 외래 복막투석 환자 93명의 심혈관계 질환 위험인자들과 복막 투과 특성 및 알부민, CRP 등의 염증지표에 따라 고해상도 초음파를 이용한 경동맥내막-중간막 두께, 내막-중간막 면적, 플라크의 유무 등을 단면적으로 비교하였다. 결 과: 복막 투과 특성은 고투과막군 14명, 중간 고투과막군 38명, 중간 저투과막군 31명, 저투과막군 10명으로 각 군간의 경동맥 내막-중간막 두께, 플라크 유무 및 내막-중간막 면적의 차이는 없었다. 기존 관상동맥 질환 환자는 8예(8.6%)로 내막-중간막 두께는 관상동맥 질환이 없는 환자보다 증가되었고(0.79±0.21 vs 0.60±0.11 mm, p<0.05) 플라크 형성은 더 많이 보이나 통계적 유의성은 없었다(75.0 vs 63.5%, p>0.05). 혈청 알부민치와 경동맥 내막-중간막 면적은 역상관관계를 보였다(r=-0.27, p<0.05). 저알부민혈증 환자(혈청 알부민 <3.5 g/dL)는 정상 알부민혈증 환자보다 내막-중간막 두께가 증가되었고(0.67±0.15 vs 0.61±0.12 mm, p<0.05), 플라크도 유의하게 많았다(68.0 vs 55.8%, p<0.05). 혈청 CRP치와 경동맥 내막-중간막 면적은 양의 상관관계가 있었으며(r=0.21, p<0.05) CRP가 높은 환자(≥0.8 mg/dL, n=18)에서플라크가 많이 관찰되었으나(65.8 vs 50.0%, p<0.05) 경동맥 내막-중간막 두께 및 내막-중간막면적은 양군간에 차이가 없었다. 다변량 회귀 분석상 경동맥 내막-중간막 두께에 영향을 미치는 인자는 고령, 높은 CRP, 기존 심혈관계질환, 낮은 혈청 알부민 순이였다. 결 론 : 복막투석 환자에서 고해상도 초음파를 이용한 경동맥 내막-중간막 두께 측정은 심혈관계 질환 유무 예측의 비침습적 검사가 될 수 있고 저알부민혈증 및 높은 CRP과 같은 만성염증 지속상태가 복막투석 환자에서 죽상 동맥 경화증의 발생을 증가시킨다고 가정할 수 있다. Background : Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) patients with low albumin(LA) and signs of inflammation reflected by increased C-reactive protein(CRP) level have an increased mortality, but the mechanism of this phenomenon is not clear yet. Methods : To answer whether LA and inflammation also enhance cardiovascular risk in CAPD patients, we performed cross sectional study measuring carotid artery intima-media thickness(IMT), calculated intima-media area(cIM area) and the presence of plaque by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography in 93 non-diabetic CAPD patients. Results : Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD, n=8) had significantly increased IMT(0.79± 0.21 mm vs. 0.60±0.11 mm, p<0.05) and higher prevalence of carotid plaques(75.0% vs. 63.5%) compared to the non-CAD patients. Significant inverse correlation was observed between serum albumin (SA) level and cIM area(r=-0.27, p<0.05). Those patients with LA(SA <3.5 g/dL) had significantly increased IMT compared to non-LA patients(0.67±0.15 mm vs 0.61±0.12 mm, p<0.05). Prevalence of carotid plaques was also significantly higher in LA patients (68.0% vs. 55.8%, p<0.05). CRP level revealed a significant positive correlation with cIM area(r=0.21, p< 0.05). Patients with high CRP(≥0.8 mg/dL, n=18) had higher prevalence of carotid plaques (65.8% vs. 50.0%, p<0.05) compared to those patients with CRP <0.8 mg/dL, but IMT and cIMT area were not different. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, old age, high CRP, history of CAD and low SA were the independent risk factors affecting IMT. Conclusion : Our study strongly suggests that low albumin and chronic inflammatory state of CAPD patients could be associated with increasing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. (Korean J Nephrol 2002;21(2):285-294)
송철호 釜山大學校 韓國民族文化硏究所 2003 한국민족문화 Vol.21 No.-
There was much debate about "Inmulseongdonglee(人物性同異)" in the eighteenth century. But it was the natural process for change of idea in the those days when the demand toward modernization was strong. Since the theorists of "Inmulseongdonglee(人物性同異)" who have been estimated much lower than the ones of "Inmulseongdonglee(人物性同異)", or kept at a distance by investigators, I hope to explain the value of persons, "Inmulseongdonglee(人物性同異)", who tried to play important roles from the middle to modern ages, with the feature of conservative intellectual as seen through "Inmulseongdonglee(人物性同異)", written by Lee dong-yun(이동윤)During from the post the eighteenth to the early the nineteenth century, not only the result of prosperity and stability of "Cheong(淸)", ignored as barbarians, but also the realism instead the just cause made the concept of "BanCeongBookBeol(反淸北伐)" that followed "Song See-yeol(송시열)" account little step by step. But Lee dong-yun(이동윤) is a real scholar who tried to recover the national bases of self-respect that had been injured by "Cheong(?)", only to fail. He considered deeply for his whole life the importances of "Inmulseongdonglee(人物性同異)", exclusive theory for "HwaLee(華夷)", and national bases of self-respect. In Lee dong-yun(이동윤)‘s sense, "Hwa(華)" was different from "Lee(夷) at "Mulseong(物性)" and "Inseong(人性)". What was worse, Choseon lost "Cheong Country's Invasion df Korea in 1636 to "Cheong(?)", He advocated that Choseon," Hwa(華), must tried to recover the national bases of self-respect from "Cheong(?)", founded by Lee(夷) as barbarians. Lee dong-you(이동윤) could not accept the fact that Cheong(?) had gained the victory over "Myeong(明)", Hwa(華) like Choseon. So he seemed to think that only the choice of "BanCeongBookBeol(反淸北伐) was the shorter road, where the people of Choseon could recover the national bases of self-respect but also existing order from the wrong world of Lee(夷). Human history has been developed through conflict and confrontation by the forces that were different from their goals. It is not right if only one is good and the other bad. Human history has existed with the two other forces. Finally, such idea and literature as Lee dong-yun(이동윤)‘s are full of suggestions for us in our won day.There was much debate about "Inmulseongdonglee(人物性同異)" in the eighteenth century. But it was the natural process for change of idea in the those days when the demand toward modernization was strong. Since the theorists of "Inmulseongdonglee(人物性同異)" who have been estimated much lower than the ones of "Inmulseongdonglee(人物性同異)", or kept at a distance by investigators, I hope to explain the value of persons, "Inmulseongdonglee(人物性同異)", who tried to play important roles from the middle to modern ages, with the feature of conservative intellectual as seen through "Inmulseongdonglee(人物性同異)", written by Lee dong-yun(이동윤)During from the post the eighteenth to the early the nineteenth century, not only the result of prosperity and stability of "Cheong(淸)", ignored as barbarians, but also the realism instead the just cause made the concept of "BanCeongBookBeol(反淸北伐)" that followed "Song See-yeol(송시열)" account little step by step. But Lee dong-yun(이동윤) is a real scholar who tried to recover the national bases of self-respect that had been injured by "Cheong(?)", only to fail. He considered deeply for his whole life the importances of "Inmulseongdonglee(人物性同異)", exclusive theory for "HwaLee(華夷)", and national bases of self-respect. In Lee dong-yun(이동윤)‘s sense, "Hwa(華)" was different from "Lee(夷) at "Mulseong(物性)" and "Inseong(人性)". What was worse, Choseon lost "Cheong Country's Invasion df Korea in 1636 to "Cheong(?)", He advocated that Choseon," Hwa(華), must tried to recover the national bases of self-respect from "Cheong(?)", founded by Lee(夷) as barbarians. Lee dong-you(이동윤) could not accept the fact that Cheong(?) had gained the victory over "Myeong(明)", Hwa(華) like Choseon. So he seemed to think that only the choice of "BanCeongBookBeol(反淸北伐) was the shorter road, where the people of Choseon could recover the national bases of self-respect but also existing order from the wrong world of Lee(夷). Human history has been developed through conflict and confrontation by the forces that were different from their goals. It is not right if only one is good and the other bad. Human history has existed with the two other forces. Finally, such idea and literature as Lee dong-yun(이동윤)‘s are full of suggestions for us in our won day.
수종의 불소방출 수복재의 탈회억제 효과 및 불소침투에 관한 연구
김송이,최성철,최영철,김광철,박재홍 大韓小兒齒科學會 2010 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.37 No.3
자이오머(Giomer)는 레진강화형글라스아이오노머에 견줄 만큼 불소방출량이 많다고 하나, 우식예방 효과에 관한 연구들이 많지 않아 임상적용에 대한 근거가 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 자이오머(BF 군)를 포함하여 레진강화형글라스아이오노머(FF 군), 콤포머(DA 군)와 대조군인 콤포짓(FZ 군)의 우식억제 효과와 주변 치질로의 불소침투 양상을 비교하기 위하여, 공초점레이저주사현미경과 전자탐침미세분석기를 이용하여 각 수복재의 우식예방 효과를 비교하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 수복물 주위 이차 인공우식에서 법랑질 외측병변의 깊이는 FZ 군에서 가장 깊었으며, BF 군이 가장 작게 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. 수복물과 법랑질 계면에 나타난 탈회억제층의 두께를 관찰한 결과 FZ 군이 가장 작게 나타났으며, FF, DA, BF 간에는 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05). 3. 법랑질에 침투된 불소농도는 BF, FF, DA의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 4. 상아질에 침투된 불소농도는 DA, BF, FF의 순으로 높게 나타났으며, 이는 상아질-수복물의 접착 계면에 영향 받는 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of light cured fluoride-releasing materials on the inhibition of demineralization. In addition, the pattern of fluoride uptake of adjacent tooth structure was analyzed with EPMA. Eighty intact premolars were restored with Filtek Z250(control group, composite), Fuji Filling LC(RMGI), Dyract AP (compomer) and Beautifil II(giomer). Restored teeth were stored in distilled water for 30 days. Thensixty teeth(n=15) were exposed to demineralizing solution(pH 4.3). Demineralized teeth were bisected and polished. The specimens were observed with confocal laser scanning microscope. The depth of outer lesion and the thickness of inhibition zone were measured. Remained twenty teeth(n=5) were bisected for fluoride uptake analysis. The fluoride analysis were taken at enamel-restoration interface and dentin-restoration interface by electron probe micro-analyzer. The results are as follows: 1. The depth of outer lesion of Fuji Filling LC, Dyract AP, Beautifil II was shallower than that of Filtek Z250 at the margin of restoration(p<0.05). 2. The thickness of caries inhibition zone of Fuji Filling LC, Dyract AP, Beautifil II was greater than that of Filtek Z250 at the margin of restoration(p<0.05). 3. Fuji Filling LC, Dyract AP, Beautifil II groups showed the greater fluoride uptake into enamel and dentine around restoration than Filtek Z250 group. 4. In dentin the difference of fluoride concentration were greater than in enamel, and Dyract AP showed the greatest fluoride concentration in dentin.
선진안전차량 개발을 위한 자동차의 절대속도 추정 (Ⅰ)
송철기 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2001 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.1 No.-
In order to develop the advanced safety vehicles such as the automatic braking system, the collision warning system, the collision avoidance system, and the automated highway system, the absolute vehicle speed should be well-estimated during severe braking condition and severe tracking condition as well as normal condition. The absolute longitudinal speed of a vehicle is estimated by using vehicle acceleration data from an accelerometer and wheel speed data from standard ABS wheel speed sensors. The proposed algorithm is verified experimentally to estimate speed of a vehicle, and is also shown to estimate the absolute speed with a 6% worst-case error during a hard braking maneuver.
"體級競技(레스링, 복싱, 유도, 역도) 選手들의 體格 및 體力實態와 體重調節에 관한 硏究"
宋錫英,朴喆斌,金鐘旭 한국체육대학교 부속 체육연구소 1984 체육연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.-
The purpose of the study is to analyze physiques and physical fitness in athletes divided by bodyweight, and to investigate changes of physiques and physical fitness during progressive bodyweight reduction. The subjects who belong to Korean National College of Physical Education were 48 wrestlers, 40 boxers, 31 judists and 32 weightlifters, and whose physiques and physical fitness were measured. The results based on athletic event divided by bodyweight were summarized as follows; 1. Characteristics of physiques and physical fitness in each event; In case of wrestlers, there were some difference between light weight class and middle weight class in physiques, but muscular strength and power were lower than Japanese national Team in light weight class with physical fitness, and in case of boxer, muscular strength, power and flexibility were increased going up to heavy weight class, but muscular endurance was higher in light weight class than in heavy weight class. Cardiovascular endureance was decreased going up to heavy weight class. In case of judists, there was no difference in physiques but power, agility and cardiovascular endurance were lower than Japanese National Team, and muscular endurance and flexibility were shown higher record than Japanese, and there were no difference in physiques and physical fitness factors except muscular strength and muscular endurance in light and middle weight class, and no difference in physiques but cardiopulmonary endurance and flexibility were higher than Japanese, inversely muscular strength was lower than Japanese in heavy weight class. In case of weightlifters, there was no difference in physiques in all weight class but power, back muscle strength, agility and flexibility were lower than Japanese going up to heavy weight class, flexibility was higher than Japanese but agility was lowered. 2. The patterns of body weight reduction and about abnormal feelings; Wrestlers, boxers, judists and weightlifters reduced their bodyweight with 4-5kg within 9 or 10 days, 7-14 days, 3-4 days, and 4-5 days in respectively. There was a little difference among the event, but general tendency was used mixtured method at least 2 ways, and wrestlers were felt boredom and thirsty, boxers were felt fatigued and exhausted, judists were felt muscle spasm and waistache in respectively with abnormal feelings. 3. The changes of physiques and physical fitness during progressive bodyweight reduction; Subcutaneous fat had reduced significantly (p<0.05), but the other tested items were shown that no significant changes during progressive bodyweight reduction. Muscle strength increased up to 3kg of bodyweight reduction and generally physical fitness factors included muscular strength had reduced with 4kg of bodyweight reduction.
宋錫英,朴喆斌,申範澈 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1983 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.2 No.1
This study was undertaken to discuss the charecteristics in physique index and physical fitness of 180 wrestlers, boxers, weightlifters, judoists and Taekwondo athletes at Korean National college of physical Education. The implications of this study are as follows: 1. Physique index The lightweight athletes in wrestling, boxing, weightliftling and Taekwondo were inferior in length, size and girth of the physique. 2. physical fitness 1) The graeco- roman wrestlers with the weight of 52 kgs were inferior in physical fitness of sit-ups, vertical jump, 50m-dash, vital capacity, Harvard step test, and superior in side step test and superior in side step test and forward truck flexion. 2) The graeco-Roman wrestlers with the weight of 52kgs to 62kgs were inferior in upper arm flexion circumference, forward truck flexion, backward truck flexion, while they were superior in Harvard step test. 3) The boxers with the weight of 48kgs were inferior in performance skills by the physical fitness. but they were a little superior in upper arm flexion circumference. 4) The boxers with the weight of 51kgs to 57kgs were inferior in muscular strength and flexibility. 5) The weightlifters with the weight of 56kgs to 75kgs were requested to improve the muscularstrength through skill performance. 6) The boxers were superior in power, while they were inferior in whole body endurance. 7) The judoists with the weight of 95kgs were requested to have the training of muscule endurance and power. 8) The Taekwondo athletes with the weight of 48kgs to 60kgs were superior in muscular endurance, whole body endurance and whole body reaction time, while they were inferior in muscular strength.
宋哲圭,徐裕德,金蘭姬 영남이공대학 1999 論文集 Vol.28 No.-
The purpose of this research is to analyzed the facts of the freshman's actual lives of Yeungnam College of Science & Technology using the questionnaire. The questionnaire are consisted of 4 parts. The first part focused on the students' demographic factors. The second part focused on the life environment of the students'. The third part focused on the student's attitude about college. The forth part focused on the students' psychological traits and so on. The result of this research shows the traits and changes of the freshman lately. In addition it dim the basic materials to establish administration of college and to counsel and guide the freshman.
송철기 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.-
In a lightly damped cantilever beam, most of vibration energy is around natural frequencies. Based on this, a phase delay control for suppressing vibration of the beam is proposed in this paper. This controller is designed to behave like the velocity feedback controller at the frequencies of modes to be controlled. Also, this controller is designed in consideration of uncontrolled modes for the robust stability and the improvement for the sensitivity function of the control system. This phase delay control is applied to vibration suppression of a cantilever beam with a pair of a piezoelectric actuator and a piezoelectric sensor. Experimental results showed that the phase delay control works well.
송철규 영남이공대학 산업기술연구소 2002 産業技術硏究 Vol.14 No.-
The results obtained by an investigation of junior college students leisure time activities from the viewpoint of social sports are as follows: 1.Quite a few students have positive recognition on the necessity of leisure time activities(4.32), and on the participation in social sports as leisure time activities(3.89) 2.They also think that the participation in social sports in their leisure time is very helpful for their spiritual health (3.86), physical health(4.10), and self-development(4.00) 3.Quite a few students want to participate in social sports activities if they are given opportunities, but their real percentage of participation is low(2.79) 4.They think negatively of the sports facilities(2.29), and the number of sports instructors(2.26), in their neighborhood. 5.It is shown that the frequency of education experience on the leisure time activities is 2.52