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( Sol Yi ),( Jihee Kim ),( Soo Young Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2020 BMB Reports Vol.53 No.12
Bone resorption is linked to bone formation via temporal and spatial coupling within the remodeling cycle. Several lines of evidence point to the critical role of coupling factors derived from pre-osteoclasts (POCs) during the regulation of bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). However, the role of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in BMMSCs is not completely understood. Herein, we demonstrate the role of POC-derived GDNF in regulating the migration and osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. RNA sequencing revealed GDNF upregulation in POCs compared with monocytes/macrophages. Specifically, BMMSC migration was inhibited by a neutralizing antibody against GDNF in pre-osteoclast-conditioned medium (POC-CM), whereas treatment with a recombinant GDNF enhanced migration and osteogenic differentiation. In addition, POC-CM derived from GDNF knock-downed bone marrow macrophages suppressed BMMSC migration and osteogenic differentiation. SPP86, a small molecule inhibitor, inhibits BMMSC migration and osteogenic differentiation by targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase RET, which is recruited by GDNF into the GFRa1 complex. Overall, this study highlights the role of POC-derived GDNF in BMMSC migration and osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that GDNF regulates bone metabolism. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(12): 646-651]
분산 클러스터 환경에서 오픈데이라이트 컨트롤러 성능 분석 및 최적화
이솔이,김태홍,김태준,Lee, Solyi,Kim, Taehong,Kim, Taejoon 한국정보처리학회 2017 정보처리학회논문지. 컴퓨터 및 통신시스템 Vol.6 No.11
본 논문에서는 SDN (Software Defined Networking) 오픈소스 프레임워크인 오픈데이라이트(ODL, OpenDaylight) 컨트롤러 클러스터 환경에서 클러스터의 구조를 분석하며 고가용성(High availability)을 지원하는 컨트롤러 클러스터의 동작 방식을 다룬다. 또한 Raft 알고리즘의 리더 선정(Leader Election) 과정을 분석하고 효율적인 시스템 운용을 위한 Leader Election 과정의 개선 방안을 제안한다. 이와 함께 샤드(Shard) 리더와 샤드 팔로어의 성능차이를 제시하고, 기존과 제안 방식의 컨트롤러 클러스터의 성능을 비교 분석한다. 실험의 결과에 따르면 리더의 성능은 팔로어의 성능보다 좋으며 하나의 컨트롤러로 요청이 집중되어 전달될 때보다 분산된 컨트롤러로 요청이 전달될 때의 성능이 더 좋다. 따라서 제안 기법을 통하여 컨트롤러로의 요청을 분산함으로써 성능을 높일 수 있다. OpenDaylight is an SDN (Software Defined Networking) open source framework, which is popular in network fields recently. This paper analyzes the performance of a controller cluster architecture by focusing on distributed datastore and Raft leader election algorithm. In addition, we propose an enhanced version of Raft algorithm in order to improve the performance of distributed datastore by distributing shard leaders over controller cluster. This paper compares the conventional Raft algorithm with the proposed version of the Raft algorithm. Moreover, we compare the performance of distributed datastore according to shard roles such as leader and follower. Experimental results show that Shard leaders provide better performance than followers and Shard updating requests need to be distributed over multiple controllers. So, by using proposed version of Raft algorithm, controller performance can be improved. The details of the experiment results are cleary described.