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Establishment of Pathogenicity Test Method for Macrophomina phaseolina Causing Soybean Charcoal Rot
An So Hyeon,김흥태 한국식물병리학회 2023 식물병연구 Vol.29 No.1
The establishment of a laboratory assay and a greenhouse assay was conducted for evaluating the pathogenicity of Macrophomina phaseolina causing soybean charcoal rot established. In the laboratory assay, microsclerotia and hyphae were used as inoculum. In the laboratory assays using microsclerotia as an inoculum, disease incidences of M. phaseolina NSW17-108 and HSM17-034 were higher at 35°C than 25°C. Of the two isolates NSW17-108 and HSM17-034, the disease incidence of HSM17-034 isolated from diseased sesame is higher than that of NSW17-108 isolated from diseased soybean. When the mycelia of M. phaseolina were used as an inoculum, the disease incidence of NSW17-108 and HSM17-034 at 35°C exceeded 80% even after only 5 days of inoculation. Even at 25°C, furthermore, that of HSM17-034 exceeded 80% 5 days later. In the pathogenicity assays at a greenhouse, toothpicks where microsclerotia were produced or microsclerotia harvested from potato dextrose agar medium were used as an inoculum. In all greenhouse assays, M. phaseolina NSW17-108 and HSM17-034 showed 40–60% of disease incidences 35–65 days after inoculation with the pathogen, depending on the inoculation method. Between the two isolates, the pathogenicity of HSM17-034 was stronger than that of NSW17-108, and this result was consistent with laboratory assay results. Since the laboratory and greenhouse test methods tested in this study have different advantages and disadvantages depending on each test method, it is thought that the test method that can meet the purpose of the study should be selected and used.
SoHyeon Kim(SoHyeon Kim),Youn Hye Jo(Youn Hye Jo) 대한안과학회 2023 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.37 No.1
Purpose: To investigate the impact of uncomplicated cataract surgery on the measurement of Bruch’s membrane opening- minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. Methods: This retrospective study included 63 eyes of 63 patients, including 32 POAG eyes and 31 normal eyes who underwent uneventful cataract surgery and follow-up for at least 6 months. Using SD-OCT, BMO-MRW and RNFLT were measured preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 months. Paired t-test was used to compare intraocular pressure (IOP), BMO-MRW, RNFLT, and image quality before and after surgery. These parameters and their changes were compared between POAG and normal groups. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with the postoperative change (Δ) in RNFLT and BMO-MRW. Results: BMO-MRW and RNFLT were significantly increased and IOP was decreased after phacoemulsification in both groups (p < 0.001, respectively). The ΔRNFLT was significantly greater in POAG eyes compared with the normal eyes (p < 0.001). The ΔRNFLT was associated with the postoperative IOP reduction and glaucoma diagnosis (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). In the normal group, only the ΔIOP had a significant influence on the ΔRNFLT (p = 0.003), but in the POAG group, not only the ΔIOP (p = 0.044) but also preoperative visual field mean deviation (p = 0.029) showed a significant influence. The ΔBMO- MRW showed no difference between POAG and normal eyes. Conclusions: The postoperative increase of RNFLT was significantly greater in the POAG group, and the postoperative increase of RNFLT was associated with the preoperative visual field mean deviation and ΔIOP in POAG eyes and with the ΔIOP in normal eyes. Our results imply that RNFLT is more affected than BMO-MRW in POAG eyes compared to normal eyes by cataract surgery.
( Sohyeon Jeong ),( Hyun-woong Cho ) 대한산부인과학회 2022 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.108 No.-
Objective: After the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, the access to public health care such as cancer screening to decrease due to enforced quarantine. Cervical cancer screening is essential to the prevention of cervical cancer and the influence of COVID-19 on cervical cancer screening in the Republic of Korea has not yet been assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cervical cancer screening, especially in disabled women. Methods: Using Korean National Health Insurance Service Database, women eligible for cervical cancer screening from 2017 to 2020 (n = 21,002,874) were selected for evaluation of change in screening attendances before and after the start of COVID-19 pandemic. The study population was classified into subgroups according to age and disabilities and we calculated the rate of change between the average of screening number in 2017-2019, and 2020. Results: Cervical cancer screening rate in 2020 was decreased by 17.2% (OR=0.828, 95% CI=0.827-0.830) compared to that of 2017-2019. When analyzed according to subgroups, age group 40 or older showed significant decrease of more than 20 % in the rate of cervical cancer screening. Also, those who had disabilities presented a lower tendency of participating in the screening (OR=0.758, 95% CI=0.751-0.765). Among various disability types, people with physical, brain injury, visual, hearing, speech, mental, renal, respiratory, liver, and facial disabilities all showed more than 20% drop in cervical cancer screening rate in 2020. Conclusion: This study reveals a significant disruption in the rate of cervical cancer screening tests during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Korea. Also, patients older than 40 years old and those with disabilities tend to participate less since the pandemic. Therefore, catch-up on the missed screening test is required to reduce the incidence and severity of cervical cancer. Also, health-care givers should consider a way to expand care to vulnerable populations in the era of pandemics.
( Sohyeon Hong ),( Min Sun Ryu ),( Kwang Jin Woo ),( Jeong Mi Lee ),( Heywon Yoon ),( Chunghyun Tae ),( Chang Mo Moon ),( Seongeun Kim ),( Hyekyung Jung ),( Sungae Jung ),( Kinam Shim ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Gastric sarcoidosis is a rare disease accounting for 0.1-0.9 % of all sarcoidosis. We report our experience with a patient with lung and stomach sarcoidosis accompanied by an enlarged abdominal lymph nodes. A sixty-year-old female patient visited our hospital with an abnormal chest x-ray. The patient has no smoking history and no noticeable medical history. There were no fever, cough, dyspnea, nor weight changes. Physical examination showed clear breathing sound and no palpable lymph node. The chest x-ray showed reticular opacity in the right lower lung zone and chest computed tomography indicated that it was an interstitial thickening in the right middle and right lower lobes. A soft tissue density nodule, 9 mm in diameter, neighboring inferior pulmonary vein was also found. Furthermore, multiple enlarged lymph nodes were observed in the left gastric vessel area, which could be suspected as metastatic lymphadenopathy of intra-abdominal malignancy. Abdominal computed tomography showed that the enlarged lymph node spanned over left gastric area, splenic artery area, greater omentum, and gastro-colic trunk, with no mass or thickening in the walls of the stomach. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a satellite-shaped shallow whitish discoloration accompanied by mucosal irregularity in the anterior wall side of lower body and mucosal depression in the greater curvature side of lower body. Biopsies on both lesions showed chronic active gastritis with foreign-body type granuloma and Sydney grade 1 Helicobacter pylori. Laparoscopic biopsy on intra-abdominal lymph node was conducted. It was negative in mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterium, confi rming multiple well-formed non-caseating granulomas, satisfying our diagnosis as sarcoidosis. The patient was prescribes with methylprednisolone and follow-up CT 6 months after treatment indicated signifi cant improvement.
The relationship between maternal factors and neonatal factors in an unsuccessful vaginal delivery
( Sohyeon Park ),( Ji Hyon Jang ),( Hanna Lee ),( Eun Hee Ahn ),( Young Ran Kim ),( Sang Hee Jung ) 대한산부인과학회 2022 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.108 No.-
Objective: This study aimed to investigate maternal factors, neonatal factors, and the relationship between maternal factors and neonatal factors in unsuccessful vaginal delivery. Methods: This study is an observational, retrospective study. Of the 293 mothers who delivered between January 2010 and June 2021 at Bundang Cha Hospital and took CT within 5 years before and after delivery, more than 37 weeks of delivery were targeted, and pelvimetry was measured for 138 vaginal deliveries and 61 dystocias (CPD, malposition, induction failure). This study compared maternal and neonatal factors in CPD and vaginal delivery, and compared vaginal delivery and dystocia which included CPD, fetal malposition, and induced failure. Results: In the CPD group, the mother was older (33.9±4.3 vs 32.2±3.8, p-value=0.028), the term-BMI (27.7±4.1 vs 25.9±3.7, p-value=0.014) was higher, the inlet transverse-diameter (12.5±1.0cm vs 12.9±0.9cm, p-value=0.038), mid transverse diameter (10.7±0.8cm vs 11.2±0.8cm, p-value =0.002) were shorter than vaginal delivery group. The newborn head circumference (34.9±1.6cm vs 34.3±1.4cm, p-value =0.027) was greater in the CPD group among the neonatal variables. Baby weight/material height ratio (21.1±3.3 vs 19.8±2.2, p-value=0.034) and baby weight/mid transverse ratio (319.3±50.5 vs 289.9±36.4, p-value=0.002) were higher in the CPD group in the association between maternal and neonatal. In the dystocia group including CPD, induction failure, or fetal malposition, baby weight-maternal height ratio, baby weight-maternal mid-pelvis transverse distance ratio, fetal head circumstance-maternal height ratio, and head circumstance-maternal mid-pelvis transverse distance ratio is larger than the vaginal group. Baby weight-maternal BMI ration is significantly different in CPD and induction failure, fetal malposition ( 123.9 18.8 vs 113.1 10.0 vs 134.3, p-value =0.012) Conclusion: Even in the twenty-first century, successful vaginal delivery is challenging. This can increase maternal and newborn morbidity and result in an emergency cesarean delivery. This study shows importance of the fetal-maternal mismatch in dystocia. Research is needed to predict dystocia in the future.