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Phase doppler measurements: system set-up optimization for characterization of a diesel nozzle
Raul Payri,Lucio Araneo,Joseph Shakal,Vlad Soare 대한기계학회 2008 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.22 No.8
A commercial phase Doppler system was set up, optimized and used to measure the time resolved characteristics of the droplets inside a diesel spray. The purpose of this work was to understand exactly the influence of each system parameter, and to find the best setup enabling measurements in the spray zones that are densest and closest to the injector. Parametric studies were performed to gain an understanding of the particle density limits of the system and their dependence on the system parameters. Then the diesel spray produced by a single-hole injector was measured, with the fuel pressure ranging from 300 to 1300 bar and gas density in the test chamber ranging from ambient conditions to 40 kg/m3. The optic parameters (beam waist size, lenses focal length) were chosen to the best expected values allowed by the optical stand-off of the spray enclosure. The receiver slit width, which was found to have a dramatic effect on the detection of droplets during the injection main period, was tested in the range from 100 μm to 25 μm. Tests were carried out with two different slit lengths, namely 1 mm and 50 μm, with results indicating minimal effect on performance. PMT voltage (gain) was held to a moderately low value between 400 and 500 V and the laser power between 400 and 800 mW in the green line. An optimum burst threshold was found to obtain the best quality data regardless of signal background level, which varies greatly in high-density pulsed sprays. In the end, a set of results from the complete nozzle characterization in various conditions is presented in order to show the practical application of the optimization study and to provide some means of appreciating the results accuracy. The results obtained were also used to show that the gas-jet theory can be used to predict if PDPA measurement are possible in a given experimental situation.
Raul Payri,F. J. Salvador,J. Gimeno,V. Soare 대한기계학회 2005 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.19 No.11
The present paper centers on the establishment of a quantified relationship between the macroscopic visual parameters of a Diesel spray and its most influential factors. The factors considered are the ambient gas density, as an external condition relative to the injection system, and nozzle hole diameter and injection pressure as internal ones. The main purpose of this work is to validate and extend the different correlations available in the literature to the present state of the Diesel engine, i.e. high injection pressure, small nozzle holes, severe cavitating conditions, etc. Five mono-orifice, axi-symmetrical nozzles with different diameters have been studied in two different test rigs from which one can reproduce solely the real engine in-cylinder air density, and the other, both the density and the pressure. A parametric study was carried out and it enabled the spray tip penetration to be expressed as a function of nozzle hole diameter, injection pressure and environment gas density. The temporal synchronization of the penetration and injection rate data revealed a possible explanation for the discontinuity observed as well by other authors in the spray’s penetration law. The experimental results obtained from both test rigs have shown good agreement with the theoretical analysis. There have been observed small but consistent differences between the two test rigs regarding the spray penetration and cone angle, and thus an analysis of the possible causes for these differences has also been included.
Effect of Acupressure on Dental Anxiety in Children: a Pilot Study for a Randomized Clinical Trial
Soares Maria Eliza Consolação,Araújo Alessandra de Souza,Pinto Isabela Carvalhaes Lagares,Barbosa Luiza Silveira Araújo,Borsatto Maria Cristina,Galo Rodrigo 사단법인약침학회 2022 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.15 No.5
Background: Anxiety is an important problem in children in dental clinics. Acupressure may be a useful tool to assist in dental procedures in anxious children. Objectives: This pilot study was performed to examine the effects of acupressure on dental anxiety in children undergoing restorative procedures. Methods: Fourteen children aged 7-10 years and with at least one primary molar with caries on the dentine were included in the study. The participants also needed to score at least one point on the modified Venham Picture Test (VPTm) for the determination of anxiety. The children were randomly allocated to two groups: group A — non-documented points for the reduction of anxiety and induction of relaxation; group B — documented points (EX-HN3, Shen Men of auricular acupuncture). The anxiety scale was administered on three occasions: prior to the application of acupressure; immediately after sitting in the dental chair to undergo restorative treatment; and after removal of acupressure at the end of the restorative procedure. Heart rate (HR) was measured when each child sat in the dental chair, after the removal of carious tissue, and after the removal of acupressure. Results: After the procedure, HR (as an indicator of anxiety) was statistically significantly lower in group B than group A (p = 0.02). However, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding anxiety before and during the restorative procedure (VPTm and HR: p > 0.05). Conclusion: The children who received acupressure on documented points for the reduction of anxiety had a significantly lower HR after the restorative procedure. No significant between-group difference was found regarding anxiety measured using a psychometric evaluation (VPTm).
Soares, Delfim Jr. Techno-Press 2012 Coupled systems mechanics Vol.1 No.1
In this work, the iterative coupling of finite element and boundary element methods for the investigation of coupled fluid-fluid, solid-solid and fluid-solid wave propagation models is reviewed. In order to perform the coupling of the two numerical methods, a successive renewal of the variables on the common interface between the two sub-domains is performed through an iterative procedure until convergence is achieved. In the case of local nonlinearities within the finite element sub-domain, it is straightforward to perform the iterative coupling together with the iterations needed to solve the nonlinear system. In particular, a more efficient and stable performance of the coupling procedure is achieved by a special formulation that allows to use different time steps in each sub-domain. Optimized relaxation parameters are also considered in the analyses, in order to speed up and/or to ensure the convergence of the iterative process.
SciBabel: a system for crowd-sourced validation of automatic translations of scientific texts
Soares, Felipe,Rebechi, Rozane,Stevenson, Mark Korea Genome Organization 2020 Genomics & informatics Vol.18 No.2
Scientific research is mostly published in English, regardless of the researcher's nationality. However, this growing practice impairs or hinders the comprehension of professionals who depend on the results of these studies to provide adequate care for their patients. We suggest that machine translation (MT) can be used as a way of providing useful translation for biomedical articles, even though the translation itself may not be fluent. To tackle possible mistranslation that can harm a patient, we resort to crowd-sourced validation of translations. We developed a prototype of MT validation and edition, where users can vote for that translation as valid, or suggest modifications (i.e., post-editing the MT). A glossary match system is also included, aiming at terminology consistency.
Soares, Felipe,Tateisi, Yuka,Takatsuki, Terue,Yamaguchi, Atsuko Korea Genome Organization 2021 Genomics & informatics Vol.19 No.3
Previous approaches to create a controlled vocabulary for Japanese have resorted to existing bilingual dictionary and transformation rules to allow such mappings. However, given the possible new terms introduced due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the emphasis on respiratory and infection-related terms, coverage might not be guaranteed. We propose creating a Japanese bilingual controlled vocabulary based on MeSH terms assigned to COVID-19 related publications in this work. For such, we resorted to manual curation of several bilingual dictionaries and a computational approach based on machine translation of sentences containing such terms and the ranking of possible translations for the individual terms by mutual information. Our results show that we achieved nearly 99% occurrence coverage in LitCovid, while our computational approach presented average accuracy of 63.33% for all terms, and 84.51% for drugs and chemicals.
Soares, C.Guedes,Garbatov, Y. The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 1999 Journal of ship and ocean technology Vol.3 No.1
The objective of the paper is to study the impact of changing the traditional hull design of bulk carriers by providing them with a double hull while keeping the same deadweight. It is demonstrated that by introducing the double hull the structural reliability is increased throughout the entire life and also the extend of the needed repair is reduced. The results are obtained with recently developed mathematical tools for the reliability assessment of ship hulls subjected to the existence of multiple cracks both in the stiffeners and in the plating and it models the crack growth process. The effect of corrosion is represented as time dependent. The long-term stress range acting on the elements is defined as a function of the local transverse pressure of the internal cargo and outside sea water combined with the stresses resulting from the longitudinal bending of the hull, which is a combined with the stresses resulting from the longitudinal bending of the hull, which is a combineation of horizontal and vertical bending moments. The effect of maintenance actions is modelled as a stochastic process. The results show that a different design of the midship section improves the structural safety and also the economy with respect to structural repair of bulk carriers.
Elastodynamic analysis by a frequency-domain FEM-BEM iterative coupling procedure
Soares, Delfim Jr.,Goncalves, Kleber A.,de Faria Telles, Jose Claudio Techno-Press 2015 Coupled systems mechanics Vol.4 No.3
This paper presents a coupled FEM-BEM strategy for the numerical analysis of elastodynamic problems where infinite-domain models and complex heterogeneous media are involved, rendering a configuration in which neither the Finite Element Method (FEM) nor the Boundary Element Method (BEM) is most appropriate for the numerical analysis. In this case, the coupling of these methodologies is recommended, allowing exploring their respective advantages. Here, frequency domain analyses are focused and an iterative FEM-BEM coupling technique is considered. In this iterative coupling, each sub-domain of the model is solved separately, and the variables at the common interfaces are iteratively updated, until convergence is achieved. A relaxation parameter is introduced into the coupling algorithm and an expression for its optimal value is deduced. The iterative FEM-BEM coupling technique allows independent discretizations to be efficiently employed for both finite and boundary element methods, without any requirement of matching nodes at the common interfaces. In addition, it leads to smaller and better-conditioned systems of equations (different solvers, suitable for each sub-domain, may be employed), which do not need to be treated (inverted, triangularized etc.) at each iterative step, providing an accurate and efficient methodology.
Determinants of Histone H3K4 Methylation Patterns
Soares, Luis M.,He, P. Cody,Chun, Yujin,Suh, Hyunsuk,Kim, TaeSoo,Buratowski, Stephen Cell Press 2017 Molecular cell Vol.68 No.4
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Various factors differentially recognize trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) near promoters, H3K4me2 just downstream, and promoter-distal H3K4me1 to modulate gene expression. This methylation “gradient” is thought to result from preferential binding of the H3K4 methyltransferase Set1/complex associated with Set1 (COMPASS) to promoter-proximal RNA polymerase II. However, other studies have suggested that location-specific cues allosterically activate Set1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments show that H3K4 methylation patterns on active genes are not universal or fixed and change in response to both transcription elongation rate and frequency as well as reduced COMPASS activity. Fusing Set1 to RNA polymerase II results in H3K4me2 throughout transcribed regions and similarly extended H3K4me3 on highly transcribed genes. Tethered Set1 still requires histone H2B ubiquitylation for activity. These results show that higher-level methylations reflect not only Set1/COMPASS recruitment but also multiple rounds of transcription. This model provides a simple explanation for non-canonical methylation patterns at some loci or in certain COMPASS mutants.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Many genes do not show the canonical H3K4 methylation gradient pattern </LI> <LI> H3K4 methylation levels are determined by the time Set1 spends near the nucleosome </LI> <LI> Multiple rounds of transcription contribute to H3K4 trimethylation levels </LI> <LI> Set1 fused to RNA pol II places H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 throughout transcribed regions </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Unsteady Flow with Cavitation in Viscoelastic Pipes
Soares, Alexandre K.,Covas, Didia I.C.,Ramos, Helena M.,Reis, Luisa Fernanda R. Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2009 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.2 No.4
The current paper focuses on the analysis of transient cavitating flow in pressurised polyethylene pipes, which are characterized by viscoelastic rheological behaviour. A hydraulic transient solver that describes fluid transients in plastic pipes has been developed. This solver incorporates the description of dynamic effects related to the energy dissipation (unsteady friction), the rheological mechanical behaviour of the viscoelastic pipe and the cavitating pipe flow. The Discrete Vapour Cavity Model (DVCM) and the Discrete Gas Cavity Model (DGCM) have been used to describe transient cavitating flow. Such models assume that discrete air cavities are formed in fixed sections of the pipeline and consider a constant wave speed in pipe reaches between these cavities. The cavity dimension (and pressure) is allowed to grow and collapse according to the mass conservation principle. An extensive experimental programme has been carried out in an experimental set-up composed of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes, assembled at Instituto Superior T$\acute{e}$cnico of Lisbon, Portugal. The experimental facility is composed of a single pipeline with a total length of 203 m and inner diameter of 44 mm. The creep function of HDPE pipes was determined by using an inverse model based on transient pressure data collected during experimental runs without cavitating flow. Transient tests were carried out by the fast closure of the ball valves located at downstream end of the pipeline for the non-cavitating flow and at upstream for the cavitating flow. Once the rheological behaviour of HDPE pipes were known, computational simulations have been run in order to describe the hydraulic behaviour of the system for the cavitating pipe flow. The calibrated transient solver is capable of accurately describing the attenuation, dispersion and shape of observed transient pressures. The effects related to the viscoelasticity of HDPE pipes and to the occurrence of vapour pressures during the transient event are discussed.