일 지역 경영자들의 정신장애인 직업재화에 관한 인식 및 요구도 조사

김소야자 ( So Ya Ja Kim ),곽윤경 ( Youn Gyung Kwag ),금란 ( Lan Gum ) 대한간호학회정신간호학회 2008 정신간호학회지 Vol.17 No.2

이혼상담

김소야자 ( So Ya Ja Kim ) 연세대학교 간호정책연구소 2007 간호학탐구 Vol.16 No.1

간호관리 : 편집인의 글 ( 제 10 권 1 호 )

김소야자(So Ya Ja Kim) 연세대학교 간호정책연구소 2001 간호학탐구 Vol.10 No.1

청소년의 약물남용 실태와 심리적 변인에 관한 연구 -서울지역 일 고등학교를 중심으로-

김소야자 ( So Ya Ja Kim ),공성숙 ( Seong Sook Kong ),김명아 ( Myung Ah Kim ) 한국간호과학회 정신간호학회(구 대한간호학회정신간호학회) 2000 정신간호학회지 Vol.9 No.3

본 연구의 결과 대상자의 86.1%가 음주경험이 있고 49.1%가 흡연경험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 고등 학생의 84.9%가 음주경험이 있었고 36.1%가 흡연경험이 있는 것으로 나타난 청소년보호위원회(1998)의 연구 결과와 유사하였으며 한국마약퇴치운동본부(1997)가 서울 시내 중·고등학생을 대상으로 조사한 결과에서도 고등학생의 경우 음주가 86.0%, 흡연이 41.1%로 나타난 것과도 거의 일치하였다. 다른 약물들의 사용경험도 YMCA 동대문지회(1998)에서 수행한 연구 결과를 보면 남자 고등학생의 본드 사용 경험이 3.3%, 가스, 1.9%, 각성제 3.8%, 대마초 0.5% 등으로 나타났고 일반 청소년의 경우 지놀타, 라식스, 에스정, 프링가, 프링가올 등의 약물 사용율은 0%이었던 결과가 본 연구의 결과를 지지하고 있다. 최근 러미나, 루비킹, 지놀타, S정, 라식스, 프링가, 프링가올 등의 약물에 중독된 청소년들이 병원에 입원하는 경우가 늘고 있는 실정이나(청소년보호위원회, 1998) 아직은 일반 청소년의 경우 거의 사용되지 않음을 알 수 있었으며, 주로 소년원에 입소한 약물남용 청소년에서 이러한 약물의 사용경험이 보고되고 있다(YMCA 동대문지회, 1998). 본 연구의 결과 변인간의 상관관계에 있어서는 비행행동과 우울은 순상관관계를 보였다. Puig-Antich(1982)가 우울한 청소년을 대상으로 한 연구에서도 이들 중 30%가 행동장애 진단이 함께 내려진 결과를 통해 우울과 비행행동간에 관계가 있음을 밝혔으며, Craighead (1991)의 연구에서도 우울한 청소년의 23-30%가 문제 행동을 보이는 것으로 나타나 본 연구의 결과를 지지하였다. 또한 비행행동과 자아존중감은 역상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났는데 Kaplan(1975)의 연구에서도 자아존중감이 비행행동에 개입하는 정도와 부적 상관관계가 있음을 제시하였다. 비행행동과 사회성의 관계에서는 대부분의 연구에서 사회성이 낮을수록 비행행동이 증가한다는 역상관관계를 지지하고 있다. Maccoby와 Martin(1983)은 부모가 관여를 많이 하고 자녀 중심적인 태도로 양육한 청소년은 책임감과 사회적 역량이 높고 성취지향적인데 반해, 부모의 관여가 적고 부모 중심적인 태도로 양육된 청소년은 충동적이며 일찍부터 술과 담배를 시작하고 학교에 대한 관심이 부족하며 비행경험이 있다고 보고하였다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 비행행동과 사회성이 순상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 비행행동을 보이는 청소년이 비행 집단에 소속되면서 사회성 부분이 충족되었기 때문인 것으로 설명할 수 있을 것이다. Rogenberg와 Rogenberg(1978)는 청소년기에 또래집단과의 관계를 통해 중요한 사회화 과정을 겪게 되는데, 친구와 가족으로부터 긍정적인 평가를 받지 못한 청소년들이 자신의 소속집단에서는 오히려 일탈적인 행동을 함으로써 주위의 관심을 받으며, 이것이 곧 사회성이 높은 것으로 평가받는다는 것이다. 본 연구에서도 대상자들이 비행행동을 하면서 또래집단에 소속감을 느끼게 되고 이를 통해 사회성이 높아짐을 인지하기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 또한 우울과 사회성은 역상관관계(p<.01)가 있는 것으로 나타났는데 Cohen 등(1985)의 연구에서 스트레스가 많을 때 정서적, 정보적, 사회적 지지를 많이 받은 사람들은 그렇지 않은 사람들보다 우울 수준이 낮다고 보고하고 있어 우울 수준이 높을수록 사회성 수준이 낮아 진다는 본 연구의 결과와 일치한다. 한편, 사회성과 자아 존중감은 순상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, Coleman과 Lindsay(1992)의 연구에서도 자아존중감은 또래 집단의 수용감이 클수록 높아지고 사회성이 높을수록 또래 집단의 수용감이 증가한다고 보고하여 사회성과 자아존중감의 정적 관계를 보여주었다. 우울과 자아존중감은 역상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났는데 우울은 자기자신에 대한 평가나 인식을 낮게 하므로 우울수준이 높을수록 자아존중감이 저하됨을 알 수 있다(Stein, 1996). 또한 이현만 등(1996)은 부모가 자녀를 과보호할 경우 자녀의 사회적 능력이 제한되어 자아존중감이 잘 발달할 수 없으며, 어린시절 부모의 상실이나 이별을 통해 거절을 경험한 경우 스스로 자신의 가치를 낮게 평가함으로써 우울에 취약하게 된다고 하였다. 이상과 같이 본 연구에서 나타난 청소년의 비행행동, 우울, 자아존중감, 사회성의 관계를 통해 청소년 비행행동이 우울, 자아존중감, 사회성과 같은 심리적 변인과 연관되어 나타나며 특히 비행행동의 한 형태인 약물남용과도 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 약물남용 정도에 따른 심리적 변인의 차이를 알아본 결과 음주경험이 있는 집단이 경험이 없는 집단보다 비행행동, 우울, 사회성이 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났고, 지난 12개월 동안 흡연경험이 있는 집단은 경험이 없는 집단보다 비행행동, 사회성은 높고 자아존중감은 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 약물을 사용하는 청소년은 우울이 높고 자아존중감이 낮으며(이미형, 1996) 환각상태에서 비행을 일으키는 사례가 많다(박해안, 1996)는 선행연구의 결과와 일치한다. 사회성이 높게 나타난 것은 앞에서도 언급했듯이 약물을 하는 청소년이 비행 집단에 소속되면서 사회성 부분이 충족되었기때문이라고 사료된다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 추후연구에 대해 몇 가지 제언 하고자 한다. 첫째, 본 연구에서 사용된 도구는 약물사용과 약물남용이 구분되어 있지 않아 개념을 이해하는데 혼동을 초래할 수 있으므로, 향후 본 도구를 보다 많은 대상자에게 적용하여 표준화하는 과정을 통해 약물사용과 약물남용의 기준을 제시하고 그 의미를 명확히 하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째, 약물남용이 비행행동, 우울, 자아존중감, 사회성과 관련되어 나타나므로 약물남용을 보이는 청소년에 대한 접근에서 청소년들의 정서적, 사회적 욕구를 인식하고 적절한 상담이나 치료를 받을 수 있도록 학교의 상담교사나 양호교사와 청소년 전문가가 협력하여야 하며, 일반 청소년들을 위한 약물남용 예방교육 프로그램을 개발할 때에도 이러한 심리적 변인들을 고려해야 한다. The purpose of this study was to identify the drug abuse status in adolescence and to aid the effective drug abuse prevention program and management and to determine the relationship among the variables, ``conduct behavior``, ``depression``, ``self-esteem`` and ``social skills``. This study was also attempted to verify a reliable and valid tool invented by Kim & Oh(1998) which is able to assess the adolescence`` drug abuse state. An exploratory descriptive design was used to describe and examine the relationship between the variables of conduct behavior, depression, self-esteem and social skills in a convenient sample of 444 high school male students. Data were collected through the use of ``Conduct behavior``, ``Self-esteem Inventory``, ``Social skill Inventory`` and ``CES-D`` instrument to measure depression. Correlational analysis was used to identify the relationship among variables. The results were summarized as follows : The rate of alcohol use in total subjects was 86.1% and the rate of smoking was 49.1%. Correlational analysis revealed a negative relationship between conduct behavior and self-esteem, social skills and depression, depression and self-esteem. On the other hand there was a positive relationship between conduct behavior and depression, social skills and conduct behavior, self-esteem and social skills. The results of this study will be used as a basis for further study to develop programs for adolescence. The tool used in this study should be modified and developed more precisely for general use. Therefore, strategies and interventions to increase self-esteem and social skills could be carried out in the school and treatment setting and appropriate counseling needs to be given to students who are depressed and have a great deal of conduct behavior problems.

정신분열병 환자의 간호진단 분석

김소야자 ( Kim So Ya Ja ),김선아 ( Kim Seon A ),남경아 ( Nam Gyeong A ),이현화 ( Lee Hyeon Hwa ),김현례 ( Kim Hyeon Lye ) 한국정신간호학회 2003 정신간호학회지 Vol.12 No.2

N/A The nursing diagnoses of 163 schizophrenic patients in case reports were analyzed. The 489 nursing diagnoses were again classified by the framework of classification of nursing diagnoses by human responses patterns. Through this a comprehensive analysis, `the social interaction, impaired `was described the highest frequency nursing problems of schizophrenic patients in students` case reports. Also `self-esteem disturbance`, `violence(actual)/risk for, directed at self/others`, `noncompliance` and `coping, individual, ineffective` were used to explain patients` problems. But `thought process, altered` and `sensory/perceptual alteration` were used in low frequency. From this result, it could be assumed that the selection of specific related factors in `thought process, altered` and `sensory/perceptual alteration` were very difficult for nursing students. If the clarification of nursing diagnoses in Korean is accomplished, it will be more veracious to describe the nursing problems of schizophrenic patients.

간호사 보수교육에 대한 평가 연구(1996년~2000년도)

김소야자,유호신,이영휘,전시자,현명선,황경자,홍경자,김경운,Kim, So-Ya-Ja,Yu, Ho-Sin,Lee, Yeong-Hwi,Jeon, Si-Ja,Hyeon, Myeong-Seon,Hwang, Gyeong-Ja,Hong, Gyeong-Ja,Kim, Gyeong-Un 대한간호협회 2002 대한간호 Vol.41 No.2

교과과정 내용 개선을 위한 연구

김소야자 연세대학교 교육대학원 1992 연세교육과학 Vol.41 No.-

A comprehensive curriculum for the College of Nursing, Yonsei University was developed and implemented in 1980. It has been now over one decade that the school has used this curriculum without revision. The shaping of the curriculum is very much the province of the school and the faculty in terms of the quality of the education offered. Research by the members of the curriculum committee resulted in the development of analytic model which was a modified model of the evaluation model of curriculum done by Sayler Alexander. First of all, the philosophic foundation for the curriculum and the philosophy of the parent institution was evaluated. the process of evaluation started with the philosophy, then the objectives, then the conceptual framework, then the ratio of non-nursing courses to nursing courses, then content, sequence and evaluation. The faculty who were involved in the process during a workshop for curriculum evaluation. The faculty who were involved in the process during a workshop for curriculum evaluation decided the followings : 1 All objectives were not achievable in all subjects. The concept of environment among the nursing domains was net to be included appropriately. Statements of objectives were skewed toward the cognitive domain rather than the affective and psychomotor domains. 2. There were purposes which were inconsistent for the courses and sequences wi thin the conceptual framework. furthermore, there were findings that there were inconsistencies among course objectives, learning activities, teaching strategies, and student assignments. 3. The results found several places where there was a lack of sequence in content for the clinical practicum courses. clinical faculties, objectives and evaluational tools for clinical learning activities were found to be nonsystematic in the inclusion or exclusion of particular courses. Many courses were not consistent with the conceptual framework, objectives and philosophy of the program. 4. Some clinical practicum like psychiatric nursing and community health nursing practicum were not included in the curriculum model and the geriatric nursing practicum was not found in curriculum. A clinical practicum for psychiatric nursing without a theory course was included. 5. Generally education courses(liberal arts), natural science courses and nursing major courses were not assigned credit allocations appropriately. The results suggest a deficit in the liberal arts education. 6. The planning decisions of the workshop from the faculty involvement were to do a revision of the philosophy and objectives. A need for further conceptual framework development and the necessity of an adhoc committee for curriculum development was identified. According to this research, concerning the revision of the conceptual framework, there is a need for updating of courses, course objectives, unit objectives and learning activities for relevance and consistency with the conceptual framework. The development of teaching strategies and evaluation tools are also needed. For the clinical practicum, guidelines need to be developed. To satisfy these needs two recommendation are made : First, establish a long-term ad hoc committee for curriculum development, this committee to be responsible to examine the whole conceptual framework should be examined and revised as necessary. Second, for short term planning, addressing the identified problems of each specialty area needs to be done to make them consistent with the current conceptual framework.

청소년건강관련 소년원생의 비행과 약물남용 실태

김소야자,현명선,김명아 연세대학교 간호정책연구소 1997 간호학탐구 Vol.6 No.1

This study was designed to investigate the situation of drug abuse in delinquent adolecent, and to provide fundamental data about the relationship between drug abuse and delinquent behavior. The subjects for this study were 60 adolescents in Anyang and Daejon Juvenile Reformatories. The data was collected during the period from August 29-30, 1996 using individual interviews. The questionnaire developed by Kim et. al.(1996) to survey adolescent drug behavior was used. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and χ¹-test with SPSS-WIN program. The results of this study were as follows 1) The education level of 48.2% of the respondents was 7-8 years. 2) Many had a past history of multiple delinquent behaviors : truency(98.2%), run away from home(91.15%), police report of fighting(73.2%), sexual intercourse(71.7%), stealing(63.6%). 3) In everyday life, 61% of respondents felt sadness, 51% felt fear, and 44% experienced loneliness. 4) Approximately 88% of reported their first age of unlawful behavior as 11-12 years old . 5) The family environment of respondents was perceived negatively and mother s substance use rate was high. 6) Most respondents had experienced substance abuse, especially, alcohol(94.6%), smoking(91.1 %). bond(92.9%) and gas(75%). 7) The first age of their drug abuse was 13-15 years old. 8) They responded that habitual drug use caused health and law problems. 9) Most of their friend had experienced drug abuse. 10) It was easy to buy drugs except Marijuana and Pilophone. 11) According to gender analysis, there was a statistically higher tolerance of boys toward alcohol and smoking while girls were tolerant of the use of bond and gasoline.

역할이론

김소야자 연세대학교 간호정책연구소 1995 간호학탐구 Vol.4 No.1

I have discussed the origin and the several categorizations of role concept. Each theoretical context-structural and interactionist approach-in which role concept is contained, has been analyzed in relation to the self concept respectively. Several theoretical frameworks, including theory of Theodore R. Sarbin, Vernon L. Allen, Jonathan H. Turner, Ralph H. Turner, Daniel katz and Robert L. Kahn, have been considered for the purpose of integration of role theory. The first perspective in the structural-functional approach, which limits the individual to the social structure and focuses on the division of labor within that context. The second perspective is the symbolic interaction approach, which focuses on the interaction between people in the social system. Role theory is useful in understanding the professional nursing role and the problems generated by the social system in which the nurse practices. The impact of assuming multiple roles was explored, and common role stressors that contribute to role strain were identified. Applying these concepts of role theory to professional nursing roles, the expected behavior or role of the nurses are determined by the nurse's social position and the context in which nursing care is delivered. Reviewing perspectives of modern role theorists from the viewpoints of these two traditions, it can be said that role theory should be integrated so that the micro-variables of human behaviors could be connected with the macro-variables of social phenomena. As a result, without the harmonious integration of these theoretical standpoints, the further elaboration of role theory will not be possible.

재활관련 정신질환자를 위한 보건소 중심의 정신사회재활 프로그램 개발 및 효과분석

김소야자,김선아,공성숙,김명아,남경아 연세대학교 간호정책연구소 1998 간호학탐구 Vol.7 No.1

Comprehensive psychosocial rehabilitation program for mentally ill persons have resulted in reduced rates of relapse and rehospitalization. Unlike medication, however, they have not been widely adopted by the general systems of mental health care. This study developed the psychosocial rehabilitation program of severely mentally ill patient based upon the result of survey about the perception and needs for mental health of mentally ill persons and their families. The psychosocial rehabilitation program emphasized communication skills, daily living skills, and social relatedness. The program was made group therapy, social skill training, and group activity. This program was effective for improving daily living skills to severely mentally ill patients. Also the program has been validated as effective in improving symptomatic course and outcome of mentally ill persons.