대기 중 유해성분(NO₂, SO₂, HCHO)에 의해 열화된 종이의 물리적 특성

백소라(So Ra Beck),정소윤(So Yoon Jeong),정현석(Hyun Suk Jung),이진희(Jin Hee Lee),김형진(Hyoung Jin Kim),김신도(Shin Do Kim) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2014 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

가스상 대기오염물질에 의한 종이 기록물의 가속열화 특성 연구

정소윤(So-Yoon Jeong),전수연(Soo-Yeon Jeon),백소라(So-Ra Baek),정현석(Hyun-Seok Jeong),이진희(Jin-Hee Lee),김형진(Hyoung-Jin Kim) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2015 펄프.종이기술 Vol.47 No.4

Paper records were generally degraded by some factors from atmospheric environments, like temperature, relative humidity or air pollutants. In this study, the degradation behavior of paper records by single or mixed gases of NO₂, SO₂, HCHO and TVOC was evaluated. The mechanical, optical and chemical properties of 4 kinds of paper (acid and neutral-based printing paper, traditional Hanji, and filter paper) were directly and indirectly affected by gaseous harmful materials. The brightness and L<SUP>*</SUP> value in all papers were slightly increased by accelerated aging under gaseous HCHO and TVOCs, but highly decreased by conditions under gases NO₂ and SO₂. The optical properties of paper records were most vulnerable in acid-based paper and high stable in filter paper and traditional Hanji by air pollutant degradation. The aging treatments under mixed gas pollutants including NO₂ resulted in decrease of physical, mechanical and optical properties of paper, so it was supposed that the concentration of NO₂ gas would be strictly controlled for optimum indoor air quality management in domestic storage centers for paper records.

아리랑 등재 후의 기(奇)현상

이소라(Yi So-ra) 비교민속학회 2015 비교민속학 Vol.0 No.56

비교민속학회가 <유네스코 무형문화유산 체제에 대한 비판적 검토>라는 담론으로 개최한 2014년 추계 학술대회에서의 발표문을 다시 다듬어 기술하였다. 문화재청이 등재 신청을 하며 제출한 “후렴구가 ‘아리랑, 아리랑, 아라리요’를 포함하는 일련의 노래군”을 살피고, 1894년까지의 아리랑 류엔 이러한 후렴구가 나타나지 않음을 언급했다. 유네스코의 등재조건인 ‘살아있는’ 전통문화, 끊임없이 ‘재창조 해 온’을 의식하여 특징있는 본문가사를 내 걸거나 또는 후렴구를 조금 손질하여 지역 이름을 붙이고는 ‘순수’아리랑이라 출범함은 가사 뿐만 아니라 가락의 변별성, 후렴구 내지 받음구의 유형 변별적 중요성, 오랜 전파성이 요청되는 ‘전통’문화 민(‘民’)요 유형의 바람직한 전승 방향이 아님을 서술하였다. 아리랑 공연에 있어서는 역사적으로 유형적 변별성이 있는 것은 <중원 아리랑> <괴산 아리랑> 등 지역 이름을 붙일 수 있지만, 그렇지 못한 것은 <예천 전승 아리랑> <공주 전승 아리랑> 등 ‘전승’이라는 어휘를 지역 이름 뒤에 넣음이 후 세대의 아리랑 이해를 위해 바람직하다. 민요의 현대적 수용에 있어서는 창작활동이 적극 요청된다. 그러나 작창자가 분명한 것은 이미 순수 민(‘民’)요는 아니다. 이러한 류의 공연은 <김소희 창 북간도 아리랑> <이걸재 아리랑> 등 작창자의 이름을 앞에다 붙여 창작 유형의 아리랑임을 표시함이 좋다. 이른바 ‘아리랑 정신’의 중요한 하나는 민족의 자주 정신인 만큼 그 지역에 수백 년간 전승되어왔으나 지금은 테입 속에 잠들어 있는 그 지역의 얼굴인 논매기소리 등 일노래를 배우고 익히며 전승을 위한 경연대회가 열리고 시군마다의 지정문화재로 보호한다든가, 합주곡 등 창작활동을 지원하는 지역마다의 새로운 붐이 일어나기를 기대하였다. So called, Bonjo Arirang was composed as the theme song for the movie Arirang, filmed by Mr. Na Wun-gyu in 1926. This movie and its theme song were enormously popular with the Korean people. The first half refrain of Bonjo Arirang (Film Arirang) is ‘Arirang Arirang Arariyo’. The first half refrain like this is found mainly among Arirang pieces of the early 20C, the Japanese ruling era. There are Gangwon-do Eoreori(Jeongseon Arari), Jajin Arari sung when planting rice, Jungwon Araseong(a rice-planting song of Chungju area, Chung-buk Province) and the Goisan type Arirang as the old Arirang pieces before 20C. Gangwon-do Eoreori is said to have been sung without a refrain in the old times. the first half refrain of Jajin Arari sung when planting rice is ‘Ariari Ariari Arariyo’. That of Jungwon Araseong is ‘Arariyo Arariyo’. That of the Goisan type Arirang is ‘Iya Iya Arariya’. Those of Jindo Arirang and Miryang Arirang are ‘Ariarirang Srisrirang Arariganatne’. Like these, the Arirang designated as a world heritage is fitting the focus not to the old Arirang but to the film Arirang. So nowadays, many Arirang pieces of the Japanese ruling era, which are not folksong of local community but come from individual, entry on the stage with the name of the area(city or the district). Yecheon Arirang is only traditional Jajin Arari. But it has several unique words of the solo part. Gongju Arirang is only traditional Sanaji piece(which is origin of Jindo Arirang), only traditional Yeoggeum Arirang(similar with Eoreori of Gangwon Province, but has a narrative part), and only traditional Jajin Arari(Arirang of 5 beats-rhythm) etc. And so, it’s good to call Yecheon Arirang is as <Yecheon Jeonseung Arirang>, and to call Gongju Arirang is as <Gongju Jeonseung Arirang>. Sangju Arirang with a individual composer (Mrs. Kim So-heoi) is good to call <Kim So-heoi Bukgando Arirang>. An Arirang mind is the spirit of independence. It’s more hopeful to hand down well the unique working song of the area like the songs of every town sung when weeding a rice paddy than to make newly the area Arirang because Arirang was designated as a World Heritage.

Complete genome sequence of Sphingobium sp. strain PAMC 28499 reveals a potential for degrading pectin with comparative genomics approach

So‑Ra Han,Sung‑Min Jang,Young Min Chi,Byeollee Kim,정상희,Yung Mi Lee,Jun Uetake,Jun Hyuck Lee,Hyun Park,오태진 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.9

Background Spingobium sp. PAMC 28499 is isolated from the glaciers of Uganda. Uganda is a unique region where hot areas and glaciers coexist, with a variety of living creatures surviving, but the survey on them is very poor. The genetic character and complete genome information of Sphingobium strains help with environmental studies and the development of better to enzyme industry. Objective In this study, complete genome sequence of Spingobium sp. PAMC 28499 and comparative analysis of Spingobium species strains isolated from variety of the region. Methods Genome sequencingwas performed using PacBio sequel single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology. The predicted gene sequences were functionally annotated and gene prediction was carried out using the program NCBI nonredundant database. And using dbCAN2 and KEGG data base were degradation pathway predicted and protein prediction about carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes). Results The genome sequence has 64.5% GC content, 4432 coding protein coding genes, 61 tRNAs, and 12 rRNA operons. Its genome encodes a simple set of metabolic pathways relevant to pectin and its predicted degradation protein an unusual distribution of CAZymes with extracellular esterases and pectate lyases. CAZyme annotation analyses revealed 165 genes related to carbohydrate active, and especially we have found GH1, GH2, GH3, GH38, GH35, GH51, GH51, GH53, GH106, GH146, CE12, PL1 and PL11 such as known pectin degradation genes from Sphingobium yanoikuiae. These results confrmed that this Sphingobium sp. strain PAMC 28499 have similar patterns to RG I pectin-degrading pathway. Conclusion In this study, isolated and sequenced the complete genome of Spingobium sp. PAMC 28499. Also, this strain has comparative genome analysis. Through the complete genome we can predict how this strain can store and produce energy in extreme environment. It can also provide bioengineered data by fnding new genes that degradation the pectin

미셸 푸코의 <마네>읽기

김소라(KIM So-Ra) 한국프랑스문화학회 2010 프랑스문화연구 Vol.20 No.-

La Lecture sur les peintures de Manet selon Michel Foucault KIM So-Ra L’enjeu de notre recherche est de trouver des propres caracteristiques de l'analyse de Foucault sur les peintures de Manet : aux quels caracteres des peintures de Manet Foucault a-t-il fait attention? Foucault demontre ces caracteres essentiels des peintures de Manet par trois points suivants : Premierement, la maniere de Manet par laquelle les proprietes spatiales peut jouer leurs roles dans la toile. Deuxiement, la lumiere que Manet n’utilise pas comme une lumiere interieure au tableau, mais comme une lumiere reelle a l’exterieur. Finalement, la multiplicite des points de vue du spectateur que Manet pose dans un seul et meme tableau. Selon l’analyse foucaldienne, Manet renait les proprietes originales de la toile et par consequent redonne ses propres limitations a la toile. Ce que Foucault met l'accent particulierement, c'est que Manet est un peintre qui rejete la 'representation' par la 'representation'. Manet est l’inventeur du tableau-objet, qui utilise le systeme de la representation comme un moyen pour montrer la materialite du tableau. Bien plus, le tableau-objet est le caractere qui montre une nouvelle epoque, par lequel on a echappe de l'episteme classique, c’est-a-dire le systeme de representation. En outre, Manet a essaye de montrer non pas un tableau en tant que representation, mais le visibilite pure du tableau en tant qu’objet. En fin, a travers la conference sur les peintures de Manet, nous comprendrons que Foucault a enonce ses propres concepts philosophiques, a savoir l'episteme, l'archeologie, l'enoncable, le visible, etc.

『공단』(Parque industrial)에 나타난 그로테스크의 미학

임소라 ( Lim So-ra ) 한국포르투갈-브라질학회 2012 포르투갈-브라질 연구 Vol.9 No.1

O presente artigo pretende discutir sobre as representações de corpos grotescos para abordar por um ângulo crítico as atitudes engajadas no romance Parque industrial, da escritora brasileira Patrícia Galvão. Através da corporificação da noção de engajamento político, o romance retrata as tensões entre gênero, classe e raça na sociedade brasileira do início do século XX, que pode ser considerado também como uma luta pela auto-representação adequada enquanto intelectual militante. Sendo assim, além de recuperar elementos da sua trajetórias pessoais como intelectual militante, em especial no tocante à sua atuação política e cultural, nos períodos em que ocorreu o surto comunista, o artigo objetiva refletir sobre a especificidade da questão da identidade do sujeito pós-colonial dentro do contexto histórico e cultural, e ao mesmo tempo, tende a analisar os aspectos a representação dos corpos que revela um desejo de subverter os conceitos essencialistas do corpo e a opressão relacionada.

재량적 발생액과 부채조달비용 간의 관계에 대한 실증적 증거

박종일 ( Jong Il Park ),윤소라 ( So Ra Yoon ) 한국회계학회 2014 회계학연구 Vol.39 No.3

본 논문의 목적은 재량적 발생액과 부채조달비용 간에 어떤 관계가 있는지를 규명하는데 있다. 선행연구들은 경영자가 기회주의적 이익조정 수단의 하나로 재량적 발생액( DA) 수준을 증가시키면 채권투자자들은 대출이자율을 증가시킬 것으로 예상하였다. 그러나 이러한 주장은 채권투자자들이 기업의 DA수준에 대하여 효과적인 탐지가 가능할 것이라는 전제가 있어야 한다. 따라서 채권투자자 관점의 논의이다. 하지만 이와 상반되게 경영자 관점에서는 DA와 부채조달비용 간에 유의한 음(-)의 관계가 나타나야만 경영자는 부채조달비용을 낮추기 위한 동기로 DA를 이용할 경제적 유인이 발생될 수 있다. 본 연구는 부채차입이자율 스프레드로 측정된 부채조달비용( YS)과 DA자체 변수 간에는 어떤 관계가 있는지를 살펴보는데 있어 이전 연구범위를 확장시켜 검증해 보았다. 본 연구에서는 두 변수 간의 관계에 대한 일반화 가능성을 제고하기 위하여 회사채를 발행한 기업뿐만 아니라 회사채를 발행하지 않은 기업에 대해서도 비교분석을 수행했다. 분석기간은 2001년부터 2011년까지이며, 표본은 금융업을 제외한 12월 결산법인으로 최종 10,479개 기업/연 자료가 분석에 이용되었다. 실증분석 결과에 따르면 첫째, 부A자체와 YS간에 1% 수준에서 유의한 음(-)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 관계는 회사채를 발행한 기업들보다는 주로 회사채를 발행하지 않은 기업들에서 기인된 결과인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 선행연구와 달리 부채차입이자율 스프레드를 이용하여 분석하면 회사채를 발행한 기업의 경우 DA와 부채조달비용 간에는 대체로 유의한 관계가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, Prevost et al.(2008)의 방법에 따라 DA와 비투자등급의 상호작용변수와 YS간의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 채권투자자들이 DA를 직접 탐지하지 못할 뿐 아니라, 비투자등급의 정보위험이 DA를 대리하는 매개변수의 역할을 한다는 Prevost et al.(2008)의 주장은 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 상장기업의 경영자들이 부채차입시에 부채조달비용을 낮추기 위한 동기로 DA를 이용하려는 경제적 유인이 존재한다는 것을 실증적 증거로서 보여주었다는데 의의가 있다. 이와 더불어 본 연구의 발견은 관련연구에 추가적인 공헌을 할 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between discretionary accruals and cost of debt financing. Earnings management studies are common in accounting literature. Theory and evidence indicate that managers` concerns over current performance motivate them to engage in boosting reported earnings. Analysis of earnings management often focuses on management`s use of discretionary accruals. Managers can exercise discretion over accrual choices that are allowed under GAAP in order to reach a desired level of earnings. This is, firms` management manages earnings because they have some incentives to do so. However, earnings management hides a true performance of a firm from debtholders and other external parties. Earnings management also distorts quality of reported earnings, and quality of accounting information impacts debtholders` estimates of future cash flows fromwhich debt repayments will be served. As a result, opportunistic earnings management activities increase information asymmetries between managers and outside investors with respect to a firm`s true underlying performance, which in turn increase information risk faced by outside investors. Especially, debtholders have contractually fixed claims such as periodic interest payments. They tend to focus on future cash flows to ensure a firm`s ability to pay interest and principal. In addition, unless debtholders can "see through" and undo earnings management, their resource allocation decisions are potentially affected in a negative way. In that regard, examining the effect of opportunistic earnings management in the debt market is important. Prior studies expected that debtholders increase interest rates on firm`s debts when managers increase discretionary accruals ( DA) for the purpose of opportunistic earnings management. This expectation is coming from debtholders` point of view, because it is based on the assumption that rational debtholders can effectively see through a firm`s level of discretionary accruals. Then, prior papers assert that rational debtholders are able to see through managers` attempts to opportunistically influence earnings perceptions and penalize firms for doing so by demanding a higher rate of return. However, from manager`s point of view, we should observe the negative relationship between discretionary accruals and cost of debt, so we will be able to explain the managers` economic motivation to decrease cost of debt using discretionary accruals. Prior researches provide inconsistent empirical evidence on this relationship. Prevost et al. (2008) cannot find a significant relationship between discretionary accruals and cost of debt measured by bond`s yield spreads, while Park et al. (2011) and Lee and Ko (2012) find a significantly positive association between these two variables. However, these prior studies have several limitations. For example, Park et al. (2011) focus on bond issuing firms only and Lee and Ko (2012) measure discretionary accruals taking absolute value of them. Therefore, this study is meaningful because it extends prior researches and examines the association between cost of debt ( YS) measured by borrowing`s yield spread and the level of discretionary accruals ( DA). This paper analyzes all samples including not only bond issuing firms but also bond unissuing firms, and KOSPI and KOSDAQ listed firms in order to generalize the test results. Sample periods are from 2001 to 2011, and totally 10,479 firm-year samples are used in this research. This paper finds the following results. First, there is a statistically significantly negative association between cost of debt and discretionary accruals at 1% level, even after controlling firms` credit ratings and other variables that can affect firm`s cost of debt. This result is consistent in full samples including KOSPI and KOSDAQ firms, and in each type of stock markets separately. Also, we find the same results no matter whether we use discretionary accruals in Dechow et al. (1995) or performance-adjusted discretionary accruals in Kothari et al. (2005). Meanwhile, this significantly negative association between two variables is coming from bond unissuing firms rather than bond issuing firms. Second, unlike the prior studies, we cannot find a statistically significant relation between cost of debt and discretionary accruals in bond issuing samples when we measure cost of debt using borrowing`s yield spread. This is an inconsistent result with Park et al. (2011). Third, following Prevost et al. (2008), we examine the association between cost of debt financing and interaction term of discretionary accruals and non-investment grade rating (i.e., high default risk firms), but we cannot find that the yield penalty for earnings management is significantly greater for non-investment grade rating, and moreover, debtholders cannot see through the information risk of increasing level of discretionary accruals and managers` attempts of opportunistic earnings management. As a result, we find inconsistent empirical test results with Park et al. (2011) and Lee and Ko (2012). Overall, these findings suggest that debtholders do not see through accrualsbased earnings management. In other words, this evidence suggests that debtholders do not perceive earningsmanagement as opportunistic behavior. Accounting information plays an important role in the capital allocation process. Accordingly, understanding the debt market consequences of earnings management is a relevant and an important issue. In summary, this research implements various analyses to generalize the test result. We includes bond issuing firms and bond unissuing firms, and KOSPI and KOSDAQ firms. We use bare value of discretionary accruals, not just degree of DA, and performance-adjusted DA. We also use a different measurement of cost of debt financing, which is borrowing`s yield spread. With these various approaches, we find that discretionary accruals are statistically significantly negatively associated with cost of debt financing. Therefore, it can support the fact that managers do have economic motivation of opportunistic attempt of earnings management using discretionary accruals in order to reduce cost of debt. This implies that debtholders cannot effectively detect increasing information risk of firms due to the earnings management and they do make a capital allocation decision functionally fixed to reported earnings, although managers increase reported earnings using discretionary accruals in order to reduce cost of debt. Therefore, this study provides several meaningful contributions because it can be an evidence of inefficient allocation of resources in the debt market due to managers` opportunistic attempts of earnings management. This research also contributes to provide useful information regarding earnings management to scholars, practitioners, accounting standard setters, and regulators alike. In addition, researchers who are interested in this area can also apply the discussion in this paper for future studies.

Poster Session : PS 0691 ; Rheumatology ; A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Equivalence Trial Comparing the Etanercept Biosimilar, Hd203, to Reference Etanercept, in Combination with Methotrexate (MTX) in Korean Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

( Sang Cheol Bae ),( Jinseok Kim ),( Jung Yoon Choe ),( Won Park ),( So Ra Lee ),( Yong Ho Ahn ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Etanercept is a recombinant fusion protein that blocks TNF. HD203 is a biosimilar of etanercept with demonstrated comparability across pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability. The objectives of this study were to evaluate equivalence in effi cacy and compare safety of HD203 with reference etanercept, in combination with MTX in patients with RA. (ClinicalTrials. gov NCT01270997). Methods: Korean patients (male or female aged =20 years) with active RA were randomized (1:1) to 25 mg HD203 or reference etanercept, administered subcutaneously twice weekly with MTX for 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving ACR20 at week 24. Secondary endpoints included ACRn, DAS28, andEULAR response at week 24 and 48, safety and immunogenicity. Results: In total, 294 patients were randomized: HD203, n=147; reference etanercept, n=147. The proportion of patients achieving ACR20 at week 24 was not signifi cantly different between HD203 and reference etanercept. Equivalent effi cacy was demonstrated within predefined margins. There were no significant differences between proportions achieving ACR20 at week 12 and 48. ACR50 and ACR70 displayed similar trends. There were no signifi cant differences between groups for ACRn, DAS28, and EULAR response. Safety set analysis (HD203, n=147; reference etanercept, n=146) revealed no signifi cant difference for treatment-emergent (all-causality) adverse events (AEs): HD203 76. 87% vs. reference etanercept 78. 08% (p=0. 8040). No significant differences between HD203 and reference etanercept were observed for adverse drug reactions, serious AEs, or discontinuations due to AEs. Few patients tested positive for anti-drug antibodies. Conclusions: The study met the primary endpoint of demonstrating equivalent effi cacy of HD203 compared to reference etanercept. HD203 was well tolerated, with a safety profi le comparable to reference etanercept in this population of patients with RA.

신선초의 생장에 대한 이온교환수지의 재배 효과

이소라, 오영제, 김은주, 오영민 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2014 農業科學硏究 Vol.30 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate effect of ion exchange resins on growth of angelica (Angelica keiskei), and additionally investigated growth response of angelica according to germanium concentration in rhizosphere using the ion exchange resins containing germanium. As a result, the addition of the ion exchange resins induced significant increase of fresh weight and dry weight at 55 days of transplanting, and plant height and leaf area were also showed the similar pattern. Stem diameter and number of petioles were significantly higher in AS-62 and AS-64 treatment than in control. Inorganic elements concentration of angelica plants substantially didn’t show significant differences between control and treatments, but nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentration were higher in treatments than in control. These results showed that the growth of angelica appeared to be promoted due to increased absorption rate of these elements caused by treatment of the ion exchange resins. There were no significant differences between control and treatments in the concentration of calcium, iron and boron, except for magnesium concentration of shoots. Germanium was not detected in the plants. In conclusion, the addition of ion exchange resin containing essential elements to soil showed positive effect on angelica growth.

모시대의 식품이용화 가치 증진을 위한 품질특성

이소라,김수정,김건희 덕성여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2001 자연과학 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

This study was conducted to increase the value as an useful food resources of Adenophora remotiflora. The contents of dietary fiber was 0.25 g/100 g(dry basis) and tannin was 155.2 ppm. The minerals in Adenophora remotiflora identified calcium(31.63 ㎎/㎏), potassium(149.51 ㎎/㎏), magnessium(14.15 ㎎/㎏), iron(1.40 ㎎/㎏), and sodium(1.46 ㎎/㎏). We examined the quality characteristics of Adenophora remotiflora kimchi during fermentation at 20℃ and 4℃. In color, L and a values gradually increassed at both storage temperature, the b values were decreased slightly at both 4℃ and 20℃. The results of pH decreased from 5.43 to 3.60∼4.60 at 20℃ and 4℃. However, tirtaratable acidity increased from 0.96% to 2.29∼3.98%. Also vitamin C and reducing sugar contents decreased during storage at both temperatures. In sensory evaluation, overall acceptability of Adenophora remotiflora kimchi showed lower scores as storage times increased.