Unilateral postoperative visual loss in a patient undergoing hip arthroscopy in the supine position

Sivashanmugam Raju,Halis Atil Atilla 대한마취통증의학회 2016 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.69 No.6

.

Studies on the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from pre-consumer organic solid waste

Selvakumar P.,Sivashanmugam P. 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.82 No.-

Waste disposal and treatment are some of the major problems faced in food processing industries, and improper disposal can cause damages to the environment along with adverse effect on human health. Since these wastes contain important biologically active compounds, they can effectively contribute to the production of value added products. The extraction of polyphenolic compounds from pomegranate fruit peel using different solvents with the assistance of non-ionic surfactant dimethyl sulfoxide was investigated. The maximum extract yield and total polyphenolic content obtained were 29.3 ± 0.4 and 32.62 ± 0.2%, respectively. The extracted polyphenolic compounds could be used for the manufacturing of many value added products.

Experimental and CFD simulation studies on power consumption in mixing using energy saving turbine agitator

D. Ankamma Rao,P. Sivashanmugam 한국공업화학회 2010 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.16 No.1

Experimental and simulation investigation on power consumption in new energy saving turbine agitator has been presented here. Modification was done by introducing single and double rectangular and V cuts in the conventional turbine agitator. The power consumption for new energy-saving turbine agitator has been found to be less than that of the conventional turbine agitator. Also, the power consumption for V cut has been found to be less than that of rectangular cut in turbine agitator. Power characteristics for different geometrical parameters of energy saving turbine agitators were obtained for both the transition and turbulent regimes of the flow in agitated vessel. CFD simulations have been used to predict power consumption. The simulation results have been compared with the experimental data obtained on a pilot-scale set up.

Antioxidant activities of Erythrina stricta Roxb.using various in vitro and ex vivo models

AsokKumar, K,UmaMaheswari, M,Sivashanmugam, AT,SubhadraDevi, V,Subhashini, N,Ravi, TK Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2008 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.8 No.3

Erythrina stricta, a deciduous tree widely used traditionally in indigenous system of medicine for various ailments such as rheumatism, fever, leprosy, epilepsy etc. The leaves of Erythrina stricta was extracted with ethanol (70%) and used for the evaluation of various in vitro antioxidant assays which includes H - donor activity, nitric oxide scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, reducing ability, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant activity by thiocyanate and phosphomolybdenum method, metal chelating, $\beta$-carotene bleaching, total peroxy radical assays. The pro-oxidant activity was measured using bleomycin-dependent DNA damage. Ex vivo models like lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte haemolysis were also used to study the antioxidant property of the extract. The various antioxidant activities were compared with suitable standard antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyl toluene, $\alpha$-tocopherol, curcumin, quercetin and Trolox. The generation of free radicals viz. $O_2^{{\cdot}-}$, $OH^{\cdot}$, $H_2O_2$, $NO^{\cdot}$ and peroxyl radicals were effectively scavenged by the ethanolic extract of Erythrina stricta. In all the methods, the extract offered strong antioxidant activity in a concentration dependent manner. The total phenolic content, flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity in Erythrina stricta were determined as microgram (g) pyrocatechol, quercetin and $\alpha$-tocopherol equivalent/mg respectively. The extract did not exhibit any prooxidant activity when compared with ascorbic acid. The results obtained in the present study clearly indicates that Erythrina stricta scavenges free radicals and reduces lipid peroxidation, ameliorating the damage imposed by oxidative stress in different disease conditions and serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Biomimetic Materials and Fabrication Approaches for Bone Tissue Engineering

Kim, Hwan D.,Amirthalingam, Sivashanmugam,Kim, Seunghyun L.,Lee, Seunghun S.,Rangasamy, Jayakumar,Hwang, Nathaniel S. Wiley (John WileySons) 2017 Advanced healthcare materials Vol.6 No.23

Matter dynamics with respect to influences of C3 and C4 plants in four subtropical grasslands of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats, India

Subramanium Paulsamy,길봉섭,Munusamy Sivashanmugam 한국생태학회 2012 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.35 No.4

Biomass changes, net primary production and transfer dynamics of dry matter in four subtropical humid montane grasslands at Ebbenadu, Korakundah, Thiashola and Wenlockdown in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), the Western Ghats,India, were investigated. Despite the early report of a higher density and dominance of C4 species over C3 species in these grasslands, no functional study of matter production had previously been carried out. Therefore, in order to determine the roles played by these two groups of species, the present study was attempted. The study revealed that the dry matter and net primary production contributed by C4 species were much greater than those of its C3 counterpart in all the grasslands. The turnover rate of aboveground dry matter for both C3 and C4 species was generally rapid, whereas it was slow for belowground parts, and litter components of C3 and C4 species together. In all grasslands, generally about 60% and 10% of the input were channeled to aboveground and belowground parts, respectively, by the C4 species, whereas the C3species transferred only about 22% and 8% of dry matter to aboveground and belowground parts, respectively. The total disappearance of dry matter was 2.73, 2.10, 3.19, and 1.96 g m-2 day-1 in Ebbenadu, Korakundah, Thiashola and Wenlockdown grasslands, which was 48.83%, 44.30%, 54.81%, and 41.09% of the total input, respectively, in these grasslands. This resulted in a considerable surplus dry matter production in all the grasslands studied. This balance sheet of dry matter in community function indicates that all the four studied grasslands were supporting the existing wild animals adequately in terms of pasture supply. The study further revealed that the stronger establishment of C4 species rather than their C3counterparts, in terms of higher density and dominance, has driven them to play major roles in matter dynamics and system transfer functions in all the four grasslands studied. This fact evidenced that pasture from C4 species for wild animals was determined to be higher in comparison to that of C3 species.

In silico docking studies of phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity of commercially available flavonoids

Madeswaran, Arumugam,Umamaheswari, Muthuswamy,Asokkumar, Kuppusamy,Sivashanmugam, Thirumalaisamy,Subhadradevi, Varadharajan,Jagannath, Puliyath 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.4

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity of flavonoids using in silico docking studies. In this perspective, flavonoids like Apigenin, Baicalin, Chrysin, Genistein, Scopoletin and Caffeine were selected. Caffeine, a known phosphodiesterase inhibitor was used as the standard. In silico docking studies were carried out using AutoDock 4.2, based on the Lamarckian genetic algorithm principle. In the docking studies, three important parameters like binding energy, inhibition constant and intermolecular energy were determined. The results showed that all the selected flavonoids showed binding energy ranging between -7.59 kcal/mol to -5.66 kcal/mol when compared with that of the standard (-4.77 kcal/mol). Inhibition constant (2.72 ${\mu}M$ to 71.03 ${\mu}M$) and intermolecular energy (-8.49 kcal/mol to -6.26 kcal/mol) of the flavonoids were coincide with the binding energy. All the selected flavonoids contributed phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity because of its functional groups. These molecular docking analyses could lead to the further development of potent phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.

Protective effect of Asystasia gangetica reduced oxidative damage in the small intestine of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

K Asok Kumar,M Umamaheswari,AT Sivashanmugam,V Subhadradevi,SS Somanathan,TK Ravi 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2009 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.9 No.4

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diabetic complications and small intestine is vulnerable to damage resulting in morphological and functional changes. In this study, the effects of Asystasia gangetica leaf extract (AGLE) on oxidative stress status in small intestine of diabetic rats were examined. The leaves of Asystasia gangetica was extracted with 70% ethanol. Oral administration of AGLE once daily (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days to diabetic rats significantly (P < 0.05) increased antioxidant levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, GSSH, carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme, glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase. The increased levels of protein carbonyl content, lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase in diabetic rats were reverted back to near normal levels on treatment with AGLE. Both doses of AGLE offered significant activity (P < 0.01) against oxidative damage and were comparable with standard, glibenclamide. The results revealed the occurrence of oxidative stress in small intestine during diabetes and suggest the potential of AGLE as an antioxidant in protecting the tissue defense system against oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diabetic complications and small intestine is vulnerable to damage resulting in morphological and functional changes. In this study, the effects of Asystasia gangetica leaf extract (AGLE) on oxidative stress status in small intestine of diabetic rats were examined. The leaves of Asystasia gangetica was extracted with 70% ethanol. Oral administration of AGLE once daily (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days to diabetic rats significantly (P < 0.05) increased antioxidant levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, GSSH, carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme, glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase. The increased levels of protein carbonyl content, lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase in diabetic rats were reverted back to near normal levels on treatment with AGLE. Both doses of AGLE offered significant activity (P < 0.01) against oxidative damage and were comparable with standard, glibenclamide. The results revealed the occurrence of oxidative stress in small intestine during diabetes and suggest the potential of AGLE as an antioxidant in protecting the tissue defense system against oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Protective effect of Asystasia gangetica reduced oxidative damage in the small intestine of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Kumar, K. Asok,Umamaheswari, M.,Sivashanmugam, A.T.,Subhadradevi, V.,Somanathan, S.S.,Ravi, T.K. Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2009 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.9 No.4

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diabetic complications and small intestine is vulnerable to damage resulting in morphological and functional changes. In this study, the effects of Asystasia gangetica leaf extract (AGLE) on oxidative stress status in small intestine of diabetic rats were examined. The leaves of Asystasia gangetica was extracted with 70% ethanol. Oral administration of AGLE once daily (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days to diabetic rats significantly (P < 0.05) increased antioxidant levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, GSSH, carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The increased levels of protein carbonyl content, lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase in diabetic rats were reverted back to near normal levels on treatment with AGLE. Both doses of AGLE offered significant activity (P < 0.01) against oxidative damage and were comparable with standard, glibenclamide. The results revealed the occurrence of oxidative stress in small intestine during diabetes and suggest the potential of AGLE as an antioxidant in protecting the tissue defense system against oxidative damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Discovery of potential aldose reductase inhibitors using in silico docking studies

Madeswaran, Arumugam,Umamaheswari, Muthuswamy,Asokkumar, Kuppusamy,Sivashanmugam, Thirumalaisamy,Subhadradevi, Varadharajan,Jagannath, Puliyath 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.2

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the aldose reductase inhibitory activity of flavonoids using in silico docking studies. In this perspective, flavonoids like Apigenin, Baicalin, Daidzein, Epigallocatechin, Galangin, Genistein, Hesperitin, Naringenin, and Scopoletin were selected. Epalrestat, a known aldose reductase inhibitor was used as the standard. In silico docking studies were carried out using AutoDock 4.2, based on the Lamarckian genetic algorithm principle. In the docking studies, three important parameters like binding energy, inhibition constant and intermolecular energy were determined. The results showed that all the selected flavonoids showed binding energy ranging between -9.91 kcal/mol to -7.52 kcal/mol when compared with that of the standard (-8.73 kcal/mol). Intermolecular energy (-11.40 kcal/mol to -8.71 kcal/mol) and inhibition constant (54.78 nM to $3.10{\mu}M$) of the flavonoids also coincide with the binding energy. All the selected flavonoids contributed aldose reductase inhibitory activity because of its functional groups. These molecular docking analyses could lead to the further development of potent aldose reductase inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes.