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Siddique, Samia,Syed, Quratulain,Nelofer, Runbina,Adnan, Ahmad,Mansoor, Habiba,Qureshi, Fahim Ashraf The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.3
Present study was conducted to optimize avermectin B1b production from S.avermitilis 41445 UV45(m)3 using artificial neural network and response surface methodology. Three variables NaCl, KCl, and pH were used for optimization. Coefficient of determination and adjusted coefficient of determination have very poor values for RSM. Values predicted by RSM for experiments were also much different from the observed avermectin production. Comparatively predicted avermectin levels by ANN were very close to observed values with much higher $R^2$ and adjusted $R^2$. Optimum levels of NaCl, KCl, and pH predicted by ANN were 1.0 g/L, 0.5 g/L, and 7.46 respectively. Sensitivity analysis predicted highest effect being shown was by pH followed by NaCl and KCl. About 37.89 folds increase in avermectin B1b production was observed at optimum levels of three variables envisage by ANN. Optimum levels, ranking order of variables, and the predicted avermectin on the optimum levels by the RSM was much different from ANN values. Results revealed that ANN is a better optimization tool for given strain than RSM.
Siddique, Samia,Nelofer, Rubina,Syed, Quratulain,Adnan, Ahmad,Qureshi, Fahim Ashraf 한국응용생명화학회 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.5
Avermectin is an environment friendly bio-insecticide. Optimization of the culture conditions for avermectin B1b production has not been carried out before using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method. The present work is therefore conducted to optimize some important factors including yeast extract, $MgSO_4.7H_2O$, and temperature for the avermectin B1b production using ANN methodology from Streptomyces avermitilis DSM 41445. The optimum levels for the yeast extract, $MgSO_4.7H_2O$, and temperature were 16.0 (g/L), 5.0 (g/L) and $32^{\circ}C$ respectively. Maximum effect was observed by yeast extract. Avermectin B1b yield was increased up to 150% after optimization. ANN was found to be a powerful technique for the optimization and prediction of avermectin B1b production from Streptomyces avermitilis DSM 41445.
Ultrasonic Manipulation of Magnetic Particles in a Microfluidic Channel
Siddique, Ariful Haque,Cho, Seung Hyun,Ahn, Bongyoung,Kim, CheolGi Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.15 No.7
In microfludic biosensor applications, many kinds of magnetic particles have been employed due to their bioaffinity property, so the appropriate manipulation of magnetic microparticles is important. In this work, we demonstrated the alignment of magnetic beads (diameter <TEX>$2.8{\mu}m$</TEX>) and nanowires (length <TEX>${\leq}6{\mu}m$</TEX> & diameter <TEX>${\approx}$</TEX> 50 nm) using ultrasonic standing wave (USW) in a steel-acrylic microfluidic channel (<TEX>$660{\mu}m$</TEX> width) in the aim of concentrating them to a sensor area to enhance the performance of a sensor. Ultrasonic standing wave field generates the radiation force to concentrate microparticles at the pressure nodal planes. To generate a standing wave inside the channel, an ultrasound of 2.25 MHz resonance frequency was applied as a resonance frequency of the channel. Moreover, it was demonstrated here that the position of the aligned magnetic particles could be controlled by changing the applied frequency. These successful alignment and position control can be a milestone for future research which targets to improve the sensitivity of microfluidic sensors using magnetic particles.
Siddique, Iram,Anis, M. 한국작물학회 2009 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.12 No.4
Synthetic seed technology is a potential tool for a more efficient and cost effective rapid clonal propagation system. In the present investigation, synthetic seeds were produced by encapsulating nodal segments of Ocimum basilicum in calcium alginate gel. For encapsulation of nodal segment, 3% (w/v) sodium alginate and 75 mM $CaCl_2.2H_2O$ were found most suitable. The synthetic seeds when cultured on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with $5.0\;{\mu}M$ benzyladenine (BA) and $0.5\;{\mu}M$ Indole -3- acetic acid (IAA) produced maximum number of shoots ($7.9\;{\pm}\;0.54$) after 8 weeks of culture exhibiting 80% in vitro conversion response. Further, synthetic seeds stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks resulted in maximum conversion response (90%) when placed back to regeneration medium. Both root and shoot formation took place in the same medium but the roots were thin and difficult to handle. Individual elongated shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with $1.0\;{\mu}M$ Indole -3- butyric acid (IBA). Plants regenerated from the synseeds were hardened, acclimatized, and established in soil with 80% survival rate. Changes in antioxidative enzymes viz., Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) in O. basilicum indicated the adaptation of micropropagated plants to ex vitro conditions.
Wireless backhauling of 5G small cells: challenges and solution approaches
Siddique, Uzma,Tabassum, Hina,Hossain, Ekram,Kim, Dong In IEEE 2015 IEEE wireless communications Vol.22 No.5
<P>Dense deployment of small cells over traditional macrocells is considered as a key enabling technique for the emerging 5G cellular networks. However, a fundamental challenge is to provide an economical and ubiquitous backhaul connectivity to these small cells. There is a wide range of backhaul solutions that together can address the backhaul challenges of 5G networks. In this context, this article provides an overview of the different backhaul solutions and highlights the perceived challenges in backhauling small cells. A qualitative overview of the existing research studies and their critical assumptions are then discussed. Next, for backhauling downlink traffic of a small cell user, we characterize the cellular region in which the downlink transmission capacity for a user served by a given half-duplex small cell becomes limited by the backhaul link capacity. We then illustrate solution techniques such as full-duplex backhauling to improve the performance of wireless backhauling for small cells.</P>
Siddique, Sabeehuddin,Tariq, Kanwal,Rafiq, Sobia,Raheem, Ahmed,Ahmed, Rashida,Shabbir-Moosajee, Munira,Ghias, Kulsoom Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.5
Background: Early onset sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a biologically and clinically distinct entity hypothesized to exhibit differences in histological features and microsatellite instability (MSI) as compared to typical onset CRC. This study compared the MSI status, mismatch repair enzyme deficiency and clinicopathological features of early onset (aged ${\leq}45$ years) with controls (>45 years). Materials and Methods: A total of 30 cases and 30 controls were analyzed for MSI status using the Bethesda marker panel. Using antibodies against hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6, mismatch repair protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Molecular characteristics were correlated with clinicopathological features. Results: The early onset sporadic CRCs were significantly more poorly differentiated tumors, with higher N2 nodal involvement and greater frequency of signet ring phenotype than the typical onset cases. MSI was observed in 18/30 cases, with 12/18 designated as MSI-high (MSI-H) and 6/18 designated as MSI-low (MSI-L). In the control group, 14 patients exhibited MSI, with 7 MSI-H and 7 MSI-L. MSI tumors in both cases and controls exhibited loss of hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6. MSS tumors did not exhibit loss of expression of MMR proteins, except hMLH1 protein in 3 controls. No statistically significant difference was noted in MSI status or expression of MMR proteins in cases versus controls. Conclusions: Microsatellite status is comparable between early and typical onset sporadic CRC patients in Pakistan suggesting that differences in clinicopathological features between these two subsets are attributable to other molecular mechanisms.
Siddique, Muhammad,Iqbal, Azmat,Rahman, Amin Ur,Azam, Sikander,Zada, Zeshan,Talat, Nazia Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.2
Thorium compounds have attracted immense scientific and technological attention with regard to both fundamental and practical implications, owing to unique chemical and physical properties like high melting point, high density and thermal conductivity. Hereby, we investigate the mechanical and thermodynamic stability and report on the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of new silicon-doped cubic ternary thorium phosphides ThSi<sub>x</sub>P<sub>1-x</sub> (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1). The first-principles density functional theory procedure was adopted within full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The exchange and correlation potential terms were treated within Generalized-Gradient-Approximation functional modified by Perdew-Burke-Ernzerrhof parameterizations. The proposed compounds showed mechanical and thermodynamic stable structure and hence can be synthesized experimentally. The calculated lattice parameters, bulk modulus, total energy, density of states, electronic band structure and spin magnetic moments of the compounds revealed considerable correlation to the Si substitution for P and the relative Si/P doping concentration. The electronic and magnetic properties of the doped compounds rendered them non-magnetic but metallic in nature. The main orbital contribution to the Fermi level arises from the hybridization of Th(6d+5f) and (Si+P)3p states. Reported results may have potential implications with regard to both fundamental point of view and technological prospects such as fuel materials for clean nuclear energy.
EXACT SOLUTIONS OF GENERALIZED STOKES' PROBLEMS FOR AN INCOMPRESSIBLE COUPLE STRESS FLUID FLOWS
SIDDIQUE, IMRAN,UMBREEN, YOUSRA The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2019 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.37 No.5
The ground for this paper is to examine the generalized Stokes' first and second issues for an incompressible couple pressure liquid under isothermal conditions. Exact solutions for each problem are acquired by using the Laplace transform (LT) with respect to the time variable t and the sine Fourier transform (FT) with respect to the y-variable. Further, a comparison is given of the obtained results and the results of Devakar and Lyengar [1] and by using the four inverse Laplace transform algorithms (Stehfest's, Tzou's, Talbot, Fourier series) in the space time domain utilizing a numerical methodology. Moreover, velocity profiles are plotted and considered for various occasions and distinctive estimations of couple stress parameters. At the end, the outcomes are exhibited by graphs and in tabular forms.