男女大學生의 結婚觀(II) : 그들의 意識과 行動을 中心으로

柳時中,韓有常 경북대학교 사회과학대학 1984 社會科學 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine some attitudes that college students assume toward marriage. In the article "College Students' Attitudes Toward Marriage: Their Spouse Selection Routes and Criteria" (Yu and Han, 1984) to appear in Oriental Culture Research, vol.11 (1984), the authors have advanced an analysis of prevailing spouse selection routes and criteria. As a sequel to Yu and Han (1984), this study tries to investigate problems concerning premarital sexual intercourse and postnuptial life planning that enter into the spouse selection process. Since Korea began to modernize itself, diverse changes have occurred in our society. Particularly, the Western free-sex trend seems to have continued its infiltration to such an extent that college students in Korea are seriously affected by the mood. Upon investigation, however, it has been found out that most college students still impart a high value to premarital virginity, and that only a small number of students are actually experiencing premarital coitus. Questionaires about postnuptial life planning were employed to analyze the attitudes that college students take toward independent family life, residence problem, double-income family, and family planning. The result was that the nuclear and double-income family was more favored by female students. It also turned out that, regardless of sex, most college students hoped to find their postnuptial residence in cities and to have fewer children than before.

龜尾地域의 工業化에 따른 諸問題點과 그 對策에 關한 硏究 : 社會的 側面 a sociological perspective

柳時中 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1977 東洋文化硏究 Vol.4 No.-

The present study focuses on the changes in the industrializing Gumi area in a sociological and anthropological perspective. Three parts in this sudy are: (1) the changes in the Gumi area due to the industrialization; (2) the daily life patterns of the factory workers of the Gumi industrial complex ; (3) the integration of Gumi local community. The followings are summaries of the study of the problems of industrializing Gumi area and some suggested coping measures. 1. An Early Establishment of the Master Plan The problems we have found in the industrializing Gumi area are caused by the inefficient combination of urban and industrial infra-structure. The Gumi area has not yet equipped itself with an integrated master plan. The plan, once well designed, will help urban and industrial infra-structure function efficiently. 2. Balanced Placement and Expansion of Urban Apparatus Function facilities for the healthy development of a city community, expansion of city function facilities and their right positioning should be achieved. The Gumi area lacks basic city function facilities for urban life environment. Improvement of these facilities and to place them in proper locations of the city will improve the city life of the Gumi people. And, the placing of various branch offices of public administrative organizations within the industrial complex and concentration of banks, commerce and service facilities in the downtown Gumi should be reconsidered for proper relocation 3. Easing the Housing Shortage One of problems facing the Gumi area is housing shortage. Housing shortage will be solved by portioning housing site and notifying the public of the fact. In addition, one style of housing can be built in one area and another kind in the other area, Hill sides and mountainous places could be efficiently used as house building sites. 4. Some Considerations for Relocating People For the people who are forced to move from their original places because of the formation of the industrial complex in Gumi, replacement sites and their job situations should be well considered in advance. That is, in case of changing employment, technical training and employment introductory information will be necessitated and facilities for life environment for the new housing site should be properly considered. 5. Selection of industrial Zone and its Specialized Function In light of site conditioning of the Gumi industrial complex, it is no wonder Gumi is selected for industries for electronics parts or complete commodity prodduction. However, it is desirable to use hill sides and swamp land for the sites of factories, so that a great deal of arable land cannot be absorbed into factory sites. In a long-term perspective, the Gumi industrial zone will have much benefit by specializing in electronics production. 6. Improvement of Life Conditions of Factory Workers The wages for the factory workers, especially low-paid front-line workers should be enhanced to the level of satisfactory life. An eight-hour work system should be strictly observed and enough recreation and rest should be secured. Also necessary is the improvement of bad working environments in the industrial complex. Expansion and improvement of workers dormitories and their facilities are necessary. On the other hand, those workers who are cooking their own food or living in rent-houses should be given special bonuses because the wokers' dormitories and their facilities are not available to them. 7. Diversification of Educational Facilities and their Quality Improvement For the convenience of educating the children of the employees at the Gumi industrial complex, a liberal arts high school should be founded in Gumi and the quality of education at the primary schools be improved. Other recommendations for education are: the opening of night courses for the factory workers; the necessity of continuing education for adults; intensive use of counseling organizations for the adolescent factory workers. 8. Expansion of Welfare and Life Improvement Facilities in the Industrial Complex Each company at the Gumi industrial complex is desirable to have welfare facilities for the factory workers such as shopping, sports and recreations. A general service center which may include a shopping center, a theater, a conference hall and general service facilities, etc. is recommended to be established inside the Gumi industrial complex. 9. The Community People's Organizations The people living at the Gumi area are from many different scial backgrounds. For the integration and reflection of these diverse people's needs, a government civilian cooperative organization will be necessary that will concern adnministrative institutions, business companies, local people representatives and research organizations. At the same time, a labor-employer cooperative organization is required to represent the desires of the factory workers and to understand some difficulties facing the employers. 10. A Cooperative Organization for Coordinating Relevant Administrative Authorities The formation of an industrial complex at Gumi affects the surrouding areas around Gumi as well. Therefore, a new coordinating organization among neighboring city and county government authorities will be helpful in avoiding confroniation among them and also in having a smootn cooperation. And also, different belongings of administrative institutions inside the industrial zone have resulted in inevitable duplexity of their function performances. A long-standing coordinating institution will help ease these problems in the cooperation among different governing instititions. So far, we have summarized surfacing problems due to the industrialization in Gumi area and discussed some ways of tackling these problems. The experiences we are now having at Gumi have left us a precious instruction on Korean industrialization in general and on the new industrial city constructions. This precious instruction; (1) We are called upon to have a thorough advanced investigation of a prospective industrial zone from various angles; (2) more importantly, construction of an industrial zone should be proceeded by an efficient harmony of city industry infra-structure which is the basis of the chain stage development from industrialization. By doing so only, we are sure that problems involving the process from industrialization to urbanization can be easily solved. By solving these problems, the people in the area concerned could lead a satisfactory life.

韓國老人의 生活實態 : 家族生活을 中心으로

柳時中 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1980 東洋文化硏究 Vol.7 No.-

This paper is about the family life of the aged people in Korea aiming at such aspects as types of houshold they live, financial source of their living, their health status, relations with their children in the family, and their leisure activities. The summary of the findings are as follows: 1. Most of the aged live together with the family of their married sons and financially supported by them. This way of family life in Korea is quite different from that of the western nuclear family. 2. They think they are mostly healthy physically. In general, women do more domestic works than men do. However, both of them make very little contribution to the family living in terms of their activities of domestic as well as breadwinning affairs. 3. The communication channel of the aged people with their sons and daughters-in-law with whom they live together is maintained relatively well while that of the aged people with their sons and daughters-in-law who live separately from their parents is not maintained well. This fact contrasts with the situation in the United States. Most of the parents who live separately from their sons and daughters, however, meet their children at least once a year. If they are sick, the aged men are usually taken care of by their wives or daughters-in-law while the aged women by her sons or daughters. 4. It seems that they usually have a lot of leisure time considering the distribution of time allocated to their work(3 hours) and sleep(7 hours) per day. However, their traditional way of thinking and financial difficulties prevent them from making the most of the leisure time offered to them. They spend an average of less than 10,000 Won a month for their recreation activities. More than half of the aged people do not think that the amount of money they spend is enough for them. In conclusion, I would like to describe the general trend of the pattern of the life of the ageing in Korea. The majority of the ageing in Korea, according to this survey findings, maintain relatively close relationship with their children. And most of them live in the same household with their immediate family such as their children, daughter-in-law etc. by whom they are supported. This fact shows us that there has been almost no changes in the external life of the ageing compared to the family life of the past. Today, however, the position of the ageing in the family seems to be greatly changed from that of the traditional family. In the past, the ageing people had power to manage the household affairs in general, property to inherit to their children, and knowledge achieved from long period of their practical life experiences. All of these factors significantly contributed to the maintainance of the mutual relationship between two gonerations, the ageing and their children, when they lived together with the family of their son in the same household. Moreover, when the traditional family norms prescribing the relationship between parents and their children are strictly enforced, the position of the ageing in the family authority structure becomes significantly high and firm. The relationship between two couples, the ageing's and their son's, is basically mutual. If the benefits which result from their life of the same household are in fact the same or at least are considered to be the same between the two, the relationship between two couples are relatively happy and harmonious in the same household family life. But if the amount and direction of assistance is not offered mutually or at least considered to be one-sided, then the dependence of one upon the other increases and the dependent feels it burdensome. As the present survey indicates, most of the ageing are in fact dependent upon their children financially and psychologically. On the contrary, counter-presentation of the ageing offered to their children is relatively minor. With increases in the level of educational attainment of their children and the development of technology and material produttion of the society, the position of the ageing in the family is considerably degraded. In addition to these, they do not have significant amount of property to inherit to their children. All of these factors imply nogligible contribution to the household life. Until present, however, the channel of the communication between the ageing and their children has been maintained relatively well. But the important thing to be noticed is: when the filial piety which has long maintained the traditional relationship between the ageing and their children loses its power to command the behavior of Korean young generation, the family life of the ageing, especially the ageing men might be quite uneasy in the future.

韓國人의 渡日狀況과 日本에서의 生活實態 : 解放前을 中心으로 Pre-Liberation Period

柳時中 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1974 東洋文化硏究 Vol.1 No.-

At present there are more than 600,000 Koreans residing in Japan. They are leading a hard life, facing various problems such as racial discrimination derived from Japanese prejudices, assimilation problems of a minority racial group among the majority Japanese, a unique problematic socio-economic status, and problems involving nationalities. The hard life of Koreans' in Japan can be traced back to the period of Japanese rule, Studying the Koreans who went to Japan before 1945, the present paper will examine the actual conditions of the Korean passage to Japan and its historical background, Korean life in Japan and their problems in assimilating themselves into the Japanese life situation. The study is mainly helped by the existent literature in and outside Korea, and the author's observations and listening to other opinions made the study possible. 1. The Actual Conditions of Korean Emigration to Japan and Its Historical Background About of 35,000 Koreans went to Japan before 1920, attracting no special attention. However, a vigorous passage of Koreans to Japan began around 1920. Korean emigration to Japan was temporarily checked by the travel certificate system in the beginning of the 1920s. However, shortly afterwards, during the same period a total of about 350,000 Koreans were successful in getting to Japan During the years of 1930-1938, the number of Koreans who went to Japan reached a tremendous 460,000. There were several periodic factors which encouraged so many Koreans to go to Japan during the 1920s and 1930s. One is the "land investigation project" conducted from 1905 to 1918; another was the increasing number of Japanese land owners inside Korea; and the third factor was the falling price of rice caused by the "rice production multiplication plan." These three factors mainlyc aused aggravation to those Koreans in the rural areas. In other words, these factors produce dan increasing number of wandering farmers, tenant-farmers and farmers finding their way to Japan crossing the sea. The period between 1939 and 1945 witnessed the outbreaks of the Sino-Japanese War and the Pacific War, in the wake of which most Japanese laborers were mobilized to the front lines, creating a personnel shortage filled up by Korean laborers. During the seven-year period a total of 820,000 Koreans were drafted to Japan and the number of other Koreans who went across the sea to Japan amounted to 410,000. However, about 160,000 Koreans returned home before the American invasion and during the bombing of Japan, and the rest of them(1,060,000 were left in Japan) stayed in Japan. The seven-year period sent around 58.2 percent of all Koreans to Japan, a significant period. Those Koreans commandeered in this period were put into work-places with poor working conditionssuch as in coal-mines, factories, and military construction. At the time of Korean liberation from Japan a total of 2,100,000 Koreans were residing in Japan. 2. Actual Conditions of the Life of Korean Residents in Japan (1) Regional distribution of Koreans in Japan Throughout the period of Japanese rule over Korea, most Koreans lived in the west of Kansai district, particulary converging in in the big cities such as Kyoto, Osaka, Kobe, and coal mining areas in Kyushu. However, a considerable part of the Korean emigrants lived in the eastern part of Japan, particularly in Tokyo, Nagoya districts and Hokkaido. Most of the Koreans who came to Japan were from four provinces in the southern tip of Korea. (2) Occupation Before the outbreak of World War Ⅱ, most of the Koreans living in Japan worked as manual laborers in civil enginnering and construction, coal-mining and in factories. In addition, some of them served as manual laborers for removing excrement, collecting rags or as house servants. These Koreans were virtually factory work forces ready for employment. The general characteristics we can find among these Korean workers in Japan were low wages, longer work hours and "dirty" overwork. Several factors are responsible for these labor conditions. Most of them were from farming villages in Korea and they had little work experience at factories. Furthermore, they had little education, so it was hard for them to understand Japanese. Moreover, one of the most important reasons for their poor condition was "because they are Koreans." (3) Patterns of Residence The then-existing residence patterns of Korean residents in Japan could be described as "dirtiness and densely populated segregation," which were due to Koreans' economic poverty, cultural similarity, the housing shortage and convergence of relatives and persons from the same home land. The patterns of Korean residence in terms of concentration can be divided into two categories: that is, one for the Koreans who lived together with Japanese in their slum districts and the other for the Koreans who only formed a new slum. The Koreans, for the most part, were living in rented houses or rented rooms. Therefore, their patterns of living were irregular, types of houses and hygienic facilities were the worst among the bad houses. (4) Family Structure The Koreans who went to Japan until the middle of the 1920swere seasonal laborers whose purpose of going to Japan was only to make money for short time, but, on the contrary, from the latter part of the 1920s to the year 1939 the patterns were turned into settlement and family-accompanied migration. (5) Crime The criminal acts of Korean residents in Japan were issues of serious concern in Japan since before the second World War because of the higher frequency of criminal acts in proportion to Koreans' rate in the population and for their violent acts. However, two phenomena must be pointed out. In the first place, the criminal acts of Koreans were those produced by circumstances, such as larceny, gamb1ing, injury, etc. In other words, admitting the high rate of their occurrence, those criminal acts resulted from the indigent standards of living. Therefofe, all Koreans do not have an inborn nature of committing crimes. In the second place, we should ponder the fact that Koreans are generally regarded as people who committed crimes more highly than Japanese. The Japanese scholar Takashi suggests a clear, unguestionable conclusion ahout this question. When we discuss the high rate of Koreans' committing crimes, he said, we do not take into consideration the discrepancy of the qualitative composition of population between the two nations. of committing crimes When we take various factors of qualitative structures such as age, sex, occupation, etc., we will surely find that there is no difference in Japan between Koreans and Japanese. 3. Korean Problems as Residents in Japan and the Problems of Their Assimilation The Korean residents in Japan during this period were a minority racial group who could not be assimilated with Japanese, showing a parallel line. This relation between the two nations was visibly expressed by the Japanese massacre of Koreans in the time of the "Great Kanto Earthquake," positive resistence toward Japanese by Korean intellectuals in and outside Japan and in the work boycott by Korean laborers in Japan. This disagreement between the two nations can be explained by several factors: mutual distrust deeply rooted in them, cultural heterogeneity, the low class or lowly evaluated jobs occupied by Koreans in Japan, Koreans' increasing hatred toward Japanese by Korean nationalism, the inconsistency of the Japanese policy of assimilation and the lack of Japanese generosity, the poor life of Korean residents in Japan, and finally the fact that Korean laborers were in competition with Japanese counterparts. However the fundamental cause was Japanese racial prejudice toward Koreans and racial discrimination. And these two factors repulsed Koreans' feelins toward them.

男女大學生의 結婚觀(I) : 그들의 意識과 行動을 中心으로

柳時中,韓有常 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1984 東洋文化硏究 Vol.11 No.-

In human society, family is an institution and a universal group, and generally based upon marriage and bloodrelation. The existence of family in society presupposed the marriage, through which a family is established. It is known that the marriage institution have been changed by the ideological and cutural variable as well as social and economic ones through human history. Through the process of modernization, Korea has undergone various change in every social aspect. Especially in institutional and actual aspects, the family and the marriage have been changed a great deal by the rapid urbanization and industrialization for about 40 years, and these changes have been investigated scientifically. In scientific researches on the social phenomena, testifying hypothesis based on certain sociological facts and its theoretical construction are freat importance, and so is the acculuation of the fact-findings in which variousfacts about specific social phenomena are concretely described. Marriage is, as said above, an institutional combination of both sexes, especially of young men and women. In the given conditions of Korean society, adolescents who reach their marriageable age are, for the most part, young workers and college students, though. They show a tendency to select their spouses and marry homogamously, and this tendency is true of both the college undergraduates and the graduates. For example, they trand to select their spouses of the same age and on the same level of education. But these homogamous tendencies are not always the same in their details and categories. They have changed according to the times and societies, instead. Because of the differences of gender, the man and woman college students, although they have grown up in the same social, economic and cutural surroundings, don't have the same views of marriage and can't keep the pace with each other in their practical behaviors. After analyzing the man and woman college students of the graduating class in Taegu regions who have been influenced by the radical social changes, this paper is written, in accordance with the procedures of sociological research, 1) to study their general consciousness and behavior connected with marriage, 2) to show the differeces in consciousness and behavio between the man and woman college students, and 3) to compare the college students' tendencies in marriage in Korea with those in Europe and America, espacially with those in Japan which has been under the influences of Confucianism and modernized prior to us. The topics dealt with in this study covers 1) how the acquaintance of the other sexes is made before marriage 2) how and by whom the selection of a spouse is determined 3) what the criteria on his selection are. Findings on the sex problems and life plannings after marriage will be presented in other journals.

傳統的 儒敎集團의 價値觀과 그 現代的 變容 : 淡水會를 對象으로 한 家族關係와 配偶者 選澤 問題를 중심으로 an exarnination of its transformation and adaptation

柳時中 경북대학교 사회과학연구소 1990 社會科學硏究 Vol.6 No.-

韓國地方大都市에 있어서의 階層構造에 관한 實證的 관한 硏究(Ⅱ) : 階層移動의 分析을 中心으로 An Analysis of Current Trends in Status Mobility

柳時中,金至變 경북대학교 1986 社會科學 Vol.5 No.-

As a following study of "An Empirical Study on the Stratified Structure of a Local Metropolis, Taegu, in Korea(I) which analyzed stratum and class consciousness of Taegu citizens," this study is to analyze the social mobility in the same community. The main content of this study is focused on the various aspects of inter-generational and intra-generational mobility. The measurement index of social mobility in this survey is the occupational rank which is most commonly used by social mobility researchers. Under these purposes and methods, the major results analyzed in this research are as follows: First, the noticeable facts in inter-generational mobility are that ① the total amount of observed mobility is very high(90%); ② the amount in mobility by both inflow and outflow level is also high; ③ both the upward and the downward mobility in any direction are open, but there are obstacles to mobility between manual and nonmanual occupations; ④ the leading cause in this open mobility is that the structural factors based on industrialization and urbanization are more salient than circular ones. Secondly, trends of intra-generational mobility seems to be limited and reduced compared to those of inter-generational mobility. The realities of trends are as follows: ① The continuing rate from first job to present one is high; ② thus, the observed mobility rate is much lower than that of inter-generational mobility; ③ this high continuing rate indicates that the first job of an individual plays a strong influence upon the present job he occupies; ④ and it is expected that the first job is affected by the levels of educational attainment.

韓國 都市家族의 家事役割과 勢力關係에 關한 實證的인 硏究

柳時中,朴慶九 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1982 東洋文化硏究 Vol.9 No.-

This research has attempted to study urban housewive's role expectation and role performance in the family, power relations with their husbands and their marital satisfaction. The data for this research have been collected by sampling method. The number of samples is 556 housewives residing in Taegu city. They were interviewed according to the interview schedule. The result of this research can be summarized as follows: 1. Role Expectation and Role Differentiation (1) Viewed in the trational role differentiation by sex, the realm of women's role performance has been expanded while that of men's has been contracted. Husbands still play the trational men's role of earning income, handling official business and repairing house, whereas housewives perform their tradional role of cleaning house, laundry, doing kitchen work and child-care. (2) Housewives, however, have taken over the role of their husbands such as participation in school events and management of family finance. They also have shared their husband's role of household head by visiting relatives and partaking ceremonial occasions. Furthermore, they perform equal role in punishing children considered as the action symbilizing the husband's authority. (3) These role differentiation in the family is not the result of husband's defaulted role performance but the reflection of general tendency regarding housewive's fulfillment of both family tasks and social affairs as being desirable. 2. Power Relations (1)The conception of family power has been controversial issue among sociologists. Here I will restrict it to the decision-making. Husbands take a greater part in the choice of TV channels and housewives choice of menu and arrangement of household surroundings. They, however, make decision equally in the following detail areas; vacation plan, movement of house, choice of a hospital, amount of savings, child education, selection of contraceptive, marriage of children and supporting of parent-in-laws. (2) In addition, couple tend to make mutual decision in the significant areas of family life. In short, couples who make equalitaria decision-making outnumbers women or men who make unilateral decision-making outnumbers women or men who make unilateral decision-making. (3) Even in the stem family cohabitating with parents which accounts for one third of the whole respondents, the power of decision-making is given the son's couple and the power relations between couple are mainly equalitarian type. (4) Women indicate as the basis of power traditional norms and cultural norms rather than individual accomplishment such as income, education, and personality. 3. Marital Satisfaction (1) The result of using differently expressed questionaire impling the same subject has demonstrated that a great number of women are satisfied with their marriage while a few of them are not. (2) The issue of measuring marital satisfaction have been open to controversy in spite of a lot of researches concerning this subject. Age and education of the housewife, social status of the family and type of generational composition of the family have much influence on the housewife's marital satisfaction. 4. Conclusion As I have discussed above, women's role differentiation and power relations in the urban family has changed greatly compared to those in the preindustrial society of Korea. It has been revealed that the role differentiation and power relations has directed toward equalitarianism. This research dealing with only housewives can be completed by the equivalent study of men.

독일어에서 어간형성소로서의 Schwa

유시택 한국독일어교육학회 2001 외국어로서의 독일어 Vol.8 No.-

In der traditionellen Grammatik des Deutschen nennt man das stammfinale Schwa in einem Wort wie Ende das stammbildende Element oder Pseudosuffix. Aus diesen Bezeichnungen ist der unklare morphologische Status des stammfinalen Schwas leicht zu erkennen. Eine Folge davon ist die in der regelbasierten Theorie vertretene Auffassung, dass das stammfinale Schwa im Gegensatz zu stamminternen Schwas nicht voraussagbar ist und dass die Realisierung des stammfinalen Schwas durch eine morphologische Regel zu beschreiben ist, die eine Wurzel und ein Schwa zusammensetat. In dieser Arbeit argumentiere ich dafu¨r, dass nicht nur stamminterne Schwas, sondern auch das stammfinale Schwavoraussagbar und das Ergebnis der Interaktion zwischen prosodischen Constraints und Faithfulness-Constraints sind. Die hier vorgeschlagene Analyse zu dem stammfinalen Schwaim Rahmen der Optimalita¨tstheorie hat in zweierei Hinsicht theoretische Bedeutung : Erstens unterstu¨tzt sie die generelle Annahme, dass das wortinaterne Schwa meistens phonologisch voraussagbar ist bis auf den Fall, wo Schwa selbst als Suffiz auftritt(wie die Verbendung -e fu¨r 1. Person, Singular, Pra¨sens, Indikativ). Es stellt sich dabei heraus, dass die Existenz des stammfinalen Schwas im Gegensatz zu der Annahme in der regelbasierten Theorie ebenfalls vorherzusagen ist. Zweitens zeigt diese Analyse, dass fu¨r das Auftreten des stammfinalen Schwas zwei Faktoren entscheidend sind: die Bewahrung der wurzelfinalen stimmhaften Obstruenten und die Minimalisierung der phonetischen Abweichungen zwichen einzelnen Flexionsformen. Diese beiden Faktoren sind in Konfliktmit Faithfullness-Constraints einerseits und wurzelspezifischen prosodischen Constraints andererseits.

大學生의 結婚觀 變化에 關한 硏究

柳時中,金基兌 부산대학교 학생생활연구소 1976 硏究報 Vol.12 No.1

This is a comparative study of values among unmarried university students based on dated from the years 1963, 1969 and 1975. The content is as follows: Ⅰ. Attitudes on premarital dating, and values and practice regarding virginity 1) The tendency to view marriage as a necessity has undergone a significant change. In 1963,89.05 of informants saw marriage as a necessity while in 1969 and 1975 the frequency was 86.0% and 71.3%. Of course the central tendency is still in the direction of marriage as a ordinary life goal. 2) In 1963, the majority of both men and women students favored dating before marriage but men showed a greater tendency to favour dating than women. In subsequent years there was an increase in the number of women favoring dating and adecrease in the number of men. By 1975, however, the percentage of both men and women who faver premarital dating was almott the same. 3) Over all three periods the central tendency is for men to favor a double standars in regard to premarital virginity and for women to oppose a dpuble standard. However, eyer this peripd there is a slight change. Fewer men require the observance of premarital virginity for women, while at the same time women are inclined to concede a double standard to men. However, women still are in favor of premarital virginity for women. 4) During the research period. investigation indicates that more than 73% of the men had premarital sexual experience and about 10% of the women. However, the frequency with regard to women is based on interpertation of the responce "cannot reply" as indicative of premarital experience. This interpretation is of course open to question. In any event the data indicates that practice is generally congruent with value.Ⅱ. Methods and conditions for selecting a spouse . 5) In two periods (1969, 1975) the central tendency on the part of both men and women was to favor a combination of arranged marriage and a love mix match i. e., although a go-between is utilized at same point in marriage arrangements, the marriage dose not take place without some degree of positive affect on the part of both parties. However, the research reveals a change in that more women have come to prefer a love match. 6) When asked about who should make the final decision to contract a marriage both men and women were in favor of some form of cooperation between parents and children. Men tended to feel that the children should decide with parental consent: Women tended to feel that parents should decide with the childrens' consent. There is a change in value on the part of men in the direction of independent decision making, also more women now think that children should make the decision with the consent of their parents. 7) Over 10% of the respondents in all three periods indicated the necessity of using the traditional method of divination (崙合) to determine if the couple are suitable marriage partners. 8) Previously there was a tendency on the part of Korean woman to discriminate in the choice of marriage partners on the basis of order of birth, e. g. marriage to a first son was considered undesireable because it required residing with his parents and bearing additional responsibilities. Our study indicates a weakening in this tendency, toward less discrimination on the basis of birth order. 9) In regard to the appropriate age for marriage most men favored the age of 27 or 28 while women favor 23 or 24. The mode for all three periods is the same but we discovered a widening in the range of appropriate ages for men. There is no widening in the range of appropriate ages for women. 10) Asked to indicate preferrrd characteristics of potential partners both men and women gave greatest weight to the following : personal chararter, health and education in that order. In addition, physical appearance, occupation. and financial status in that order were chosen by men; women chose the same three characteristics but in the following order: occupation, fanancial status, physical appearance. Ⅲ. Plans for marital life 11) Both men and women tend to favor having just two children, the ideal being a son as first berm followed by a daughter. Women especially have come to favor smaller families. There is also a notable tendency toward no preference in regard to the sex of children. 12) Data from 1963 is also lacking regarding the question of how decisions should be made regarding family and houshold affairs. In the other two periods no change was indicated. Men continued to believe that husbands should decide after hearing the wife's opinion. Women continued to believe that both husband and wife should decide together. 13) Data from 1963 is lacking regarding opinion concerning responsibility for family income. In the other two periods the central tendency was to favor entrusting most of the income to the wife with the husband keeping a part for his own use. 14) The data from 1963 and 1969 indicates a tendency on the part of broth sexes to oppose residence with the parents of the hunband. Women show show definite tenency to favor residence will parents of the husband and men also show an increase in this regard. Perhaps, having experienced some inconvenience in following the conjugal family pattern there is some reversal in the direction of a modified form of the traditional pattern.