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( Do Seon Song ),( U Im Chang ),( Seong Woo Go ),( Jeong Won Jang ),( Si Hyun Bae ),( Seung Kew Yoon ),( Jin Mo Yang ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: We aimed to investigate the association between the change of muscle mass and change of fibrosis and steatosis in NAFLD patients. Methods: We analyzed 2,893 NAFLD subjects who had health check-up more than twice in St. Vincent’s Hospital between November 2009 and December 2017. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasound, and appendicular muscle mass (ASM) was assessed by Inbody 720, and Sarcopenia index was calculated as ASM divided by weight (SI%) and ASM divided by body mass index (SI-BMI). Non-invasive markers were used to evaluate the severity of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis; NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), Fibrosis-4 (Fib-4) score, and Forn’s index for fibrosis, and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and fatty liver index (FLI) for steatosis. Results: The mean age was 47.3±10.4 years, and 1956 subjects (67.6%) were male. Diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome were more prevalent in sarcopenic subjects (P<0.01), and non-invasive fibrosis and steatosis markers were higher in sarcopenic subjects (P< 0.01). The mean interval between two health check-up was 39.8±21.9 months. There was no significant association between the change of NFS, Fib-4, and Forn’s index and the change of SI% and SI-BMI (all P >0.1). However, the changes of HIS and FLI were significantly associated with the change of SI% and SI-BMI (all P<0.01). Multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated the independent association between the change of skeletal muscle mass and the changes of non-invasive steatosis markers after adjusting for other confounding factors (all P< 0.001). However, the changes of non-invasive fibrosis markers did not show an independent association with the change of appendicular muscle mass after adjusting for other confounders (all P >0.1) Conclusions: The change of muscle mass is strongly associated with the change of hepatic steatosis, but not the change of fibrosis.
박경태,Si Woo Hwang,Jung Hoon Ji,이창희 대한금속·재료학회 2011 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.17 No.2
The inclusion-assisted formation of two types of intragranular ferrite in low alloyed C-Mn steel welds, intragranular polygonal ferrite (IPF) and acicular ferrite (IAF), was investigated in relation to the inclusion characteristics (mainly size and chemistry) and the welding heat input. For this analysis, inclusions engulfed by one ferrite grain and those shared by two ferrite grains were considered as the IPF nucleants, and the rest of them (in contact with more than three ferrite grains) were considered as the IAF nucleants. All inclusions were multi-component oxides having Ti oxides as the nucleoid. The inclusion size exhibited a log-normal distribution and the average size increased as the heat input increased. Inclusions larger than ~0.4 μm were found to be effective on IAF nucleation, and the effectiveness increased as the inclusion size increased. Accordingly,the overall IAF nucleant fraction increased as the heat input increased due to the corresponding inclusion size increase. However, the probability of the IAF nucleant in the same inclusion size range was insensitive to the heat input. There was no difference in the elemental distribution between the IAF and IPF nucleants except for Si. The Si distribution was uniform in the IPF nucleants while its content was relatively high at the inclusion periphery in the case of the IAF nucleants regardless of the heat input and the inclusion size.
이병현,Yong-Il Kim,Bong-Soo Kim,Dong-Soo Woo,Yong-Jik Park,Dong-Gun Park,Si-Hyung Lee,Yonghan Rho 한국전기전자재료학회 2008 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.9 No.1
In this study, we investigated effects of hydrogen annealing (HA) and plasma nitridation (PN) applied in order to improve Si/SiO₂ interface characteristics of TiN metal gate. In result, HA and PN showed a positive effect decreasing number of interface state (Nit) respectively. After FN stress for verifying reliability, however, we identified rapid increase of Nit for TiN gate with HA, which is attributed to hydrogen related to a change of Si/SiO₂ interface characteristic. In contrast to HA, PN showed an improved Nit and gate oxide leakage characteristic due to several possible effects, such as blocking of Chlorine (Cl) diffusion and prevention of thermal reaction between TiN and SiO₂.
광양만에서 춘계와 하계 영양염류 첨가가 식물플랑크톤군집의 성장에 미치는 영향
배시우,김동선,최현우,김영옥,문창호,백승호,Bae, Si Woo,Kim, Dongseon,choi, Hyun-Woo,Kim, Young Ok,Moon, Chang Ho,Baek, Seung Ho 한국해양학회 2014 바다 Vol.19 No.1
춘계와 하계 광양만에서 식물플랑크톤 군집구조와 그들의 성장에 영향을 미치는 영양염제한 특성을 파악하기 위해서 만내외측의 20개 정점에서 생물학적 요인과 무생물학적 요인을 조사했다. 또한 식물플랑크톤 군집에 대한 영양염 첨가 효과를 알아보기 위해서 실험실에서 현장 20개 정점의 표층수를 이용하여 생물검정실험을 수행하였다. 전체 식물플랑크톤 군집의 90%이상을 규조류가 차지하였다. 이들 규조류중 Eucampia zodiacus와 Skeletonema costatum-like 종이 춘계와 하계에 각각 우점하였다. E. zodiacus와 S. costatum-like 규조류의 개체군 밀도가 춘계와 하계에 높은 밀도를 유지하게 된 이유를 간단히 설명하면, E. zodiacus 의 성장은 춘계 투명도가 높게 나타나 유광층내 광량의 증가가 원인으로 생각된다. 즉 유광층내 광량의 증가는 E. zodiacus의 개체수를 폭발적으로 증가시킬 수 있는 방아쇠 역할을 한 것으로 판단된다. 하계에 S. costatum-like이 전해역에서 우점한 이유는, 섬진강 담수 유입에 의한 낮은 염분과 함께 공급된 다량의 영양염은 그들 생물의 증식에 중요한 bottom-up 효과를 보였다고 판단된다. 실험실의 생물검정실험에서는 비록 내만(정점 8)과 외해(정점 20)에서 식물플랑크톤 군집의 최대 성장율은 유사하였지만, 인산염에 대한 반포화계수($K_s$)는 내만정점보다 약간 낮았다. 상대적으로 낮은 영양염농도에 적응한 세포는 낮은 인산염농도에서 충분히 성장할 수 있고, 다른 미세조류에 비하여 낮은 영양염농도의 조건에서 경쟁의 우위를 차지 할 것이다. 특히, 하계의 N영양염 첨가군의 효율은 대조군과 P영양염 첨가군에 비해서 높았다. 이는 광양만에서 하계에 N영양염의 공급이 섬진강을 통하여 계속적으로 유입되지만, 빠른 식물플랑크톤의 증식으로 인하여 N영양염 제한이 일어날 수 있다는 것을 시사할 수 있다. 반면, 규산염은 식물플랑크톤의 성장에 영향을 미치는 제한인자로 나타나지 않았고, 규조류의 분해로 인하여 Si의 재순환과 담수로부터 공급된 높은 규산염농도는 광양만에서 규조류 생태계를 유지할수 있는 유리한 조건이라 생각된다. In order to estimate the effect of nutrients addition for phytoplankton growth and community compositons in spring and summer season, we investigated the abiotic and biotic factors of surface and bottom waters at 20 stations of inner and offshore areas in Gwangyang Bay, Korea. Nutrient additional experiments were also conducted to identify any additional nutrient effects on phytoplankton assemblage using the surface water for the assay. Bacillariophyceae occupied more than 90% of total phytoplankton assembleges. Of these, diatom Eucampia zodiacus and Skeletonema costatum-like species was mainly dominated in spring and summer, respectively. Here, we can offer the season why the two diatom population densities were maintained at high levels in both seasons. First, light transparency of spring season in the euphotic zone was greatly improved in the bay. This improvement is one of important factor as tigger of increase in E. zodiacus population. Second, low salinity and high nutrient sources supplied by Seomjin River discharge are a main cue for strong bottom-up effects on S. costatum-like species during the summer rainy season. Based on the algal bio-assays, although maximum growth rate of phytoplankton communities at inner bay (St.8) were similar to those of outer bay (St.20), half-saturation constant ($K_s$) for phosphate at outer bay was slightly lower than those of inner bay. This implied that adapted cells in low nutrient condition of outer bay may have enough grown even the low phosphate and they also have a competitive advantage against other algal species under low nutrient condition. In particular, efficiency of N (+) addition in summer season was higher compared to control and P added experiments. In the bay, silicon was not a major limiting factor for phytoplankton growth, whereas nitrogen (N) was considered as a limiting factor during spring and summer. Therefore, a sufficient silicate supply form water mixing Si recycled from diatom decomposition and river water is favorable form maintaining diatom ecosystems in Gwangyang Bay.
Lee, Byung-Hyun,Kim, Yong-Il,Kim, Bong-Soo,Woo, Dong-Soo,Park, Yong-Jik,Park, Dong-Gun,Lee, Si-Hyung,Rho, Yong-Han The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2008 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.9 No.1
In this study, we investigated effects of hydrogen annealing (HA) and plasma nitridation (PN) applied in order to improve $Si/SiO_2$ interface characteristics of TiN metal gate. In result, HA and PN showed a positive effect decreasing number of interface state $(N_{it})$ respectively. After FN stress for verifying reliability, however, we identified rapid increase of $N_{it}$ for TiN gate with HA, which is attributed to hydrogen related to a change of $Si/SiO_2$ interface characteristic. In contrast to HA, PN showed an improved Nit and gate oxide leakage characteristic due to several possible effects, such as blocking of Chlorine (Cl) diffusion and prevention of thermal reaction between TiN and $SiO_2$.
인터넷상에서 페트리 넷을 이용한 하이퍼-프리젠테이션의 명시 표현 및 불일치성을 검증하기 위한 방법 연구
우시연,조종근,임영환,임기욱 한국정보처리학회 2002 정보처리논문지 Vol.9-b No.5
하이퍼-프리젠테이션 개념은 하이퍼-미디어 개념을 확장한 것으로, 동적으로 연출되고 있는 상황에서 링크개념을 설정하여 특정시점이나 지점에서 원하는 다음 정보를 보기 위해서 비순차적으로 연출할 수 있도록 하는 연출이다. 이러한 비순차적인 연출방법인 하이퍼-프리젠테이션 개념을 도입함으로써, 자유로운 멀티미디어 연출이 가능하게 되었지만, 이러한 동기화 방법에 의해서 혼합된 여러 프레젠테이션들간에는 일관성 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 하이퍼-프리젠테이션 명시 프로그램의 일관성 검증을 위해서 Petri Net을 이용한 하이퍼-프리젠테이션 명시 방법을 제시하고, 그것을 이용한 명시 프로그램의 일관성을 검증하는 방법을 제안한다. The concept of a hyperpresentation, as an extension of a hypermedia, is the presentation in which time-varying multimedia presentations are dynamically linked together and a hyperlink's context can be changed over time at any time during a continuous presentation. While this concept provides users with a flexible and powerful tool for their descriptions of the multimedia presentation, inconsistency problems in the synchronized presentations connected by hyper links can be introduced. This paper introduces a method of describing the hyperpresentation using Petri Net and proposes a methods of detecting inconsistent hyper link loop in the hyperpresentation description.
서양산 고추냉이 추출물이 함유된 세치제의 효능에 대한 임상적 실험연구
서현우,박호원,김종수,이시영,신일식 大韓小兒齒科學會 2012 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.39 No.1
The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of dentifrice containing Horseradish (Armoracia rustica) root extracts on improvement of oral hygiene. The clinical evaluation was done participated by 80 adults volunteers who provided a informed consent for their participation. The participants were divided into two groups ; control group (using toothpaste without Horseradish extracts) and experimental group (using toothpaste containing Horseradish extracts). The checklist of the experiment includes the plaque index, gingival index and anti-caries activity. The anti-caries activity was measured by cultivating Streptococcus mutans for 48 hours then estimating the number of increased bacteria using Dentocult SM. The double-blind method was used in this study. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The plaque formation decreased 28% in control group, 58% in experimental group using dentifrice with Horseradish extracts compared to baseline data. 2. For gingival index, control group and experimental group showed 26% and 40% decrease compared to baseline data, respectively. 3. The score of caries activity test decreased by 4% for control group and 69% for experimental group compared to baseline data. According to the results, a dentifrice containing Horseradish extracts can improve oral hygiene. 식물성 자연추출물 중 하나인 고추냉이 추출물을 배합한 세치제의 구강환경 개선 효과를 알아보기위해 총72명을 대상으로 교차실험 및 이중맹검법을 실시하여 치면세균막지수, 치은염지수 및 우식활성도검사 등을 비교 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결 론을 얻었다. 1. 치면세균막지수는 초기값에 비해 대조군은 28%, 고추냉이 추출물 배합세치군은 58%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 2. 치은염지수는 초기값에 비해 대조군은 26%, 고추냉이 추출물 배합세치군은 40%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 3. Dentocult-SM을 이용한 우식활성도 평가에서는 초기값에 비해 대조군은 4%, 고추냉이 추출물 배합세치군은 69%의 억제효과를 나타내어 고추냉이 추출물 배합세치군이 대조군에 비해 유의할만한 Streptococcus mutans 억제효과를 나 타내었다. 이상의 결과들로 보아 고추냉이 추출물을 배합한 세치제는 치면세균막 억제와 치은염의 감소 그리고 우식활성도 억제에 중 요한 역할을 하여 구강환경 개선에 뛰어난 효과를 보이는 것으로 사료된다.
칠성무당벌레의 진딧물 捕食能力 및 人工飼育에 關한 基礎的 硏究
李時雨,崔承允 서울大學校 農科大學 1983 서울대농학연구지 Vol.8 No.2
Some experiments were conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the aphidivorous activity of coccinelied beetles(Coccinella septempunctata brucki Mulsant) and the development of the beetles fed on aphids, and the feeding preference and larval survivorship of the insects fed on the pollen and dry powders of silkworm larvae, silkworm pupae and egg yolks for the preliminary study of artificial mass-rearing of the beetles. The aphidivorous activity greatly differed with the developmental stages of the beetles and was also greatly influenced by temperatures. The adults of Coccinella. when provided with an abundant number of aphids (Aphis sasakii), consumed ca. 62.0 aphids per day. The larvae in the alter instars of Coccinella species consumed more aphids (Aphis glycines) than those in the early instars did. The larvae in the last instar preyed more number of aphids per day than the adults; average number of aphids consumed by the last instar larva and the adult was 91.1 and 83.8, respectively. Aphidivorous activity of the larvae in the first instars greatly increased with a rise in temperature. Average number of eggs per egg-mass of Coccinella fed on aphids was 30.6±10.2. The hatchability of the eggs obtained in the laboratory was relatively low and the aberage percent hatchability was 83.1%. The larval and pupal development of Coccinella was more rapid at 30。C than at 25。C, but the rates of pupation and emergence was reater greatly higher at 25。C than 30。C. AT 15。C, all the larvae could not develop into the pupal stage, and at 20。C to 30。C relatively large number of larvae could develop into pupal and adult stage. The average period in days required for development of Coccinella at 25。C was 2 for the 1st larval instar, 2 for the 2nd larval instar, 2.4 for the 3rd larval instar, 3.6 for the 4th larval instar, and 6 for the pupal stage. The adult beetles of Coccinella werw much more attracted for feeding by the pollen than by the dry powders of silkworm pupae and of egg-yolk. Most young larvaes of Coccinella survived for several days on the pollen and dry powders of silkworm pupae and of egg-yolk without sugar in them.