각종 단백질 사료의 반추위내 분해도 및 하부 장기내 소화율에 관한 연구

오영균,양시용,김창원,정재준,박근규 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1998 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

본 연구는 반추가축사료의 단백질 이용효율을 높이기 위한 방안으로 국내 사료회사에 주로 이용하고 있는 단백질 사료의 반추위내 분해단백질(RDP)과 비분해단백질(UDP) 및 소장에서도 흡수되지 않는 이용불능단백질 함량들을 측정하기 위하여 실시하였다. 반추위와 십이지장에 캐뉼라를 부착한 젖소에 in sacco와 mobile bag 기술을 이용하여 여러 가지 원산지와 종류가 다른 단백질 원료사료의 반추위내 분해율과 소장 내에서의 이용성을 평가한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 나일론백을 이용한 반추위내 단백질 분해율을 측정한 결과 UDP가에 있어 우모분(78.0), 옥수수글루텐(75.2), 어분(64.9), 알팔파 펠렛(46.6), 면실박(44.9), 채종박(42.9), 캐놀라박(41.4), 참깨박(40.6), 대두박(39.2), 해바라기씨박(30.4) 순으로 나타났다. 2. 11가지 사료를 mobile bag을 이용하여 전장 소화율을 측정한 결과 건물 소화율은 49.1%(야자박)에서 97.5%(대두박)까지, 단백질 소화율은 71.5%(우모분)에서 99.6%(대두박), 소화 가능한 UDP 함량은 63.5%(대두박)에서 99.0%(우모분)의 범위를 나타내었다. 3. 우모분, 알팔파 펠렛 및 어분 등과 같이 소화 가능한 UDP 함량이 낮은 것은 비소화성 섬유소에 결합되어 있는 ADF-N 함량도 다른 시료보다 매우 높았다. 4. 알팔파 펠렛은 지나친 열변성으로 인해 ADF-N 함량이 사료들 중에서 가장 높았으며 이로 인해 전장 단백질 소화율은 물론 소화 가능한 UDP함량도 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. This study was conducted to estimate the amount of rumen degradable protein(RDP), undegradable rumen dietary protein(UDP) and digestible UDP, thereby utilizing dietary protein sources in ruminant diets more effectively. Ruminally and intestinally cannulated cows were used for in sacco and mobile bag techiniques to estimate ruminal degradability and intestinal availability of protein feed ingredients. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Based on in sacco data, UDP values were ranked as feather meal(78.0), corn gluten meal(75.2), fish meal(64.9), alfalfa pellet(46.6), cottonseed meal(44.9), rapeseed meal(42.9), cannola meal(41.4), sesame oil meal(40.6), soybean meal(39.2), sunflower oil meal(30.4). 2. Actual degradabilities in total digestive tract for 11 selected feeds varied from 49.1%(palm kernel meal) to 97.5%(soybean meal) for DM and from 71.5%(feather meal) to 99.6%(soybean meal) for protein, and digestible UDP contents ranged from 63.5%(soybean meal) to 99.0%(feather meal). 3. Feather meal, alfalfa pellet and fish meal, containing low amount of digestible UDP, also have high concentrations of acid detergent fiber bound N(ADF-N) which is unavailable for animals. 4. Alfalfa pellet has highest in ADF-N concentrations among protein ingredients due to extreme heat damage, thus protein degradability in total digestive tract was also very low.

實科學習 評價方法 改善에 關한 硏究 : 技能面을 中心으로 With reference to skill domain

李時元,鄭模根 釜山敎育大學 1985 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze the problems of skill evelution coming out in the course of the evelution of practical arts traning ot the scene of primary school and to contrive the models of proper evelution methods as to the skill evelution on the ground of the problems. The investigaton method used for this study was means of questionaires. The results obtaineP are summarized as fallows; 1. The result of sending the questionaire to the teachers who have a lot of experience to do practical arts evelution; a) absolute satisfied techers are 4.8% b) somewhat satisfied ones are 47.1% c) suspicious ones are 4.2% 2. The items which teachers feel difficults in pratical arts evelution; a) the obscurity of evelution criterion establishment is 38.6% b) the lack of proper evelution models is 28% 3. Skill evelution measuring instruments; a) seef-made ones are 36% b) others-made ones are 60.3% 4. When the reason why teachers don't make skill evelutions is asked, the result is as follows; a) the reason for the few chances of practical arts training is 43.2% b) the reason for the lack of proper evelution models is 29.5% In the hight of the above problems, if practical arts training is to be developed as a main role in class in order to meet the educational purpose, an urgent problem is supposed to develop a rational evelution criterion establishment and a proper evelution model, which are essential to pratial arts training evelution.

고추 乾燥機 開發을 위한 고추의 適正 乾燥方法에 관한 基礎 硏究

成始興,吳聖根 建國大學校 自然科學硏究所 1994 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.5 No.1

Drying method, the characteristics of dryer, which are currently used to dry a red pepper, were surveyed and analyzed to design and analyze an economical red dryer. Based on the results of this research the following conclusions were made: Drying by red pepper dryer was the most popular drying method(49.0%) surveyed from the farmhouse distribution according to drying method. After primary drying, secondary drying was widely performed. The larger area was cultivated the red pepper by farmer, the more dryer was used to dry it. Besides the smaller area was, the more warehouse drying was. From drying temperature according to the drying periods, the lower initial input temperature was, the lower initial temperature was. While the initial input temperature was passing to the final drying, initial temperature was inclined to be higher. The drying time and temperature were not constant. The number of mean drying day according to the drying methods were 13.8, 3.7∼5, and 1.7 for natural drying, house drying, warehouse drying, and dryer respectively. The dryer should spread far and wide in future, because red pepper drying was difficult in bad weather for drying red pepper. An economical red pepper dryer should be developed as soon as possible.

敎育大學 實科 實驗實習의 效率化를 위한 資料開發 硏究

鄭原圭,尙貞基,鄭模根,李時元 釜山敎育大學 1987 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.23 No.1

This study is to research the better ways of management in the practical arts-education in primary schools. The primary school teachers' concrete experiences are made use of to improve their teaching methods in teachers college, a teacher training institute. Therefore this research is supposed to be able to fix on the aim of practical arts-education. Accordingly the questionaires of the problems caused on the scene of education are given to the present teachers in the seasonal system of Pusan Teachers College and Jinju Teachers College. The aim of this research is to develop the materials to improve the educational effectiveness in the practical art-education of teachers college. The result is as follows : 1. According to the questionaires, the problems in the education of the practical course for elementry schools are mainly due to the deficiency of its materials. On the other hand, the teaching methods depending on experiment and practice together should be applied to the class. 2. In the current practical textbook, experiment, practice and observation are shown in the units separately in the contents. The Fifth Educational Revised Plan compared to the current educational curriculum, the units of computer and life are newly showed in the life function scope of the sixth grade textbook. Besides the contents of teaching and the factors of teaching are revised a little. The current educational curriculum, therefore, should be supplied more faithfully. 3. In order to develop the textbook of the practical arts-education of the teachers college, the contents of practical arts-education textbook mainly by experiment and practice are made up of the five scopes of the departments of agriculture, commerce, fishing, household management, etc... 4. To get rid of the formal procedures of abstraction and theory, the practical arts-education of the teachers college quickly needs to make the practical application of audiovisual aids and to introduce the manufactured mechanical apparatus helpful to developing the practical materials by itself. 5. At the departments of practical arts-education of the nation-wide Teachers Colleges, the facilities and equipments of experiment and practice are now as follows : The Ministry of Education shows the standard of equipments, that is, the 7 kinds of laboratories and 179 kinds of experimental apparatus, but the average rates of laboratories of 11 Teachers Colleges is 10.37 percent. So the Ministry of Education should reconsider the standard of its equipments. 6. To develop the practical arts-education of the teachers college, the general institute of practical arts-education should be set up. The kinds of laboratory and its structure (or scale) are shown on each scope.

세균독소로 자극시킨 사람 섬유아 세포에서의 Interleukin-6와 Interleukin-8의 생성

정인교,양동규,홍시영,이성근,김욱규,김광혁,김종렬 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1999 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.21 No.4

Cytokines are hormone-like proteins which mediate and regulate inflammatory and immune responses. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in the final differentiation of B cells into antibody-producing cells. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a neutrophil chemotactic factor that plays an important role in the recruitment of neutrophil to inflammatory loci. Inflammatory mediators by cells in the gingiva have been implicated in the initiation and progression of periodontitis and oral infection. The purpose of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) on production ofIL-6 and IL-8 by human gingival and facial dermal fibroblasts. Primary cultured human gingival and facial dermal fibroblasts were incubated with LPS(0.01, 0.1, 1.0㎍/ml), SEB (0.01, 0.1, 1.0㎍/ml) or LPS (0.1㎍/ml) plus SEB (0.1㎍/ml). Culture supernatants were collected at 24, 48, and 72 hrs and assessed for IL-6 and IL-8 production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-6 production in gingival fibroblasts stimulated with LPS was higher than that with SEB. IL-6 production by double exposure with LPS plus SEB was amplified in comparison with single exposure of LPS or SEB. IL-6 production in facial demal fibroblasts was increased only by stimulation with a high concertration of LPS (1.0㎍/ml). Its production in facial dermal fibroblasts by exposure with SEB was decreased in comparison with control, nontreated cells. Therefore, gingival fibroblasts showed higher sensitivity than facial dermal fibroblasts in response to low concentration of LPS. Also, IL-6 production by double exposure with LPS plus SEB was amplified in comparison with single exposure of LPS or SEB.IL-6 production in facial dermal fibroblasts was increased only by stimulation with a high concentration of LPS(1.0㎍/ml). Its production in facial dermal fibroblasts by exposure with SEB was decreased in comparison with control, nontreated cells. Therefore, gingival fibroblasts showed higher sensitvity than facial dermal fibroblasts in response to low concentration of LPS. Also, IL-6 production by double exposure with LPS plus SEB was amplified in comparison with single exposure of LPS or SEB. IL-8 production in gingival fibroblasts was enhanced greatly only by stimulation of high concentration of LPS (1.0㎍/ml). That by exposure with SEB was increased only in 24 hrs cultivation. IL-8 production by double exposure with LPS plus SEB was amplified in comparison with single exposure of LPS or SEB. IL-8 production in facial dermal fibroblasts was decreased by LPS and increased only in 48 hrs cultivation by SEB. IL-8 production by double exposure with LPS plus SEB was enhanced only in 48 hrs cultivation in comparison with single exposure of LPS or SEB. therefore, IL-6 and IL-8 production were released at various quantities according to bacterial toxin applied and site of fibroblast harvested. These results suggest that gingival fibroblasts may be concerned with IL-6 and IL-8 related inflammatory response more than facial dermal fibroblasts.

전립선암에 대한 초음파 영상유도 방사선치료의 Setup 오차 분석을 통한 재현성 평가

박성용,임승규,시명근,이지해,김종열,조은주,Park, Sung Yong,Lim, Seung Kyu,Si, Myoung Geun,Lee, Ji Hae,Kim, Jong Yeol,Cho, Eun Joo 대한방사선치료학회 2017 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.29 No.2

목 적: 전립선암 환자에 대한 비침습적이고 피폭선량에 대한 부담이 없는 초음파를 이용한 영상유도방사선치료의 Setup 오차 분석을 통해 치료의 재현성을 평가해 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 치료가 종료된 전립선암 환자 26명의 1,105영상에 대하여 앞-뒤(anterior-posterior, AP), 좌-우(right-left, RL), 위-아래(superior-inferior, SI) 방향의 Setup 오차에 대해 평균, 표준편차와 3D-error을 분석하였다. 또한 오차범위 0-1 mm, 1-3 mm, 3-5 mm, 5 mm 이상에 대한 각 오차 빈도수(frequency, %) 분석을 통하여 AP, RL, SI 방향에 대한 방향성을 확인 하였다. 결 과: Setup 오차는 AP, RL, SI 방향에 대하여 평균과 표준편차는 $1.87{\pm}1.36mm$, $1.73{\pm}1.22mm$, $2.01{\pm}1.40mm$였다. 3D-error는 평균 $3.63{\pm}1.63mm$였다. 각 방향에 대한 Setup 오차값의 빈도(frequency, %)는 AP 방향에 대한 오차범위 0-1 mm에서 29 %, 1-3 mm에서 50.2 %, 3-5 mm에서 19.6 %, 5 mm 이상에서 1.3 %였다. RL 방향에 대하여 오차범위 0-1 mm에서 31.3 %, 1-3 mm에서는 52.5 %, 3-5 mm에서는 15.8 %, 5 mm 이상에서 0.5 %였다. 마지막으로 SI 방향에 대한 오차범위 0-1 mm에서 26.3 %, 1-3 mm에서 50.2 %, 3-5 mm에서 22.4 %, 5 mm 이상에서 1.1 %였다. 결 론: Setup error는 SI 방향에서 $2.01{\pm}1.40mm$로 가장 컸으며 오차 빈도는 모든 방향에서 50 % 이상 오차 범위 1-3 mm에 들어온 것으로 확인되었다. $Clarity^{TM}$ Auto scan을 이용한 초음파영상유도 방사선치료는 치료 전에 방광의 전처치 상태, target의 구조 등을 관찰이 가능하고, 치료 중 target의 움직임을 실시간으로 monitoring하여 빠른 repositioning이 가능하다. 결과적으로 초음파를 이용한 실시간 영상유도방사선치료는 치료의 재현성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: To evaluate the reproducibility of image-guided radiotherapy using ultrasonography which is non-invasive, without radiation exposure for prostate cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the setup variation of 1,105 images for 26 prostate cancer patients and the mean, standard deviation and 3D-error in AP, RL and SI directions. Setup variations were classified 0-1 mm, 1-3 mm, 3-5 mm, 5 mm and more. Results: The mean and standard deviation of setup variation in AP, RL and SI directions was $1.87{\pm}1.36mm$, $1.73{\pm}1.22mm$ and $2.01{\pm}1.40mm$. The 3D-error in AP, RL and SI directions was $3.63{\pm}1.63mm$. The frequency of setup variation in AP direction was 29 % in the range from 0 mm to 1 mm, 50.2 % in the range from 1 mm to 3 mm, 19.6 % in the range from 3 mm to 5 mm and 1.3 % in the range of 5 mm or more. In RL direction, the frequency was 31.3 % in the range from 0 mm to 1 mm, 52.5 % in the range from 1 mm to 3 mm, 15.8 % in the range from 3 mm to 5 mm and 0.5 % in the range of 5 mm or more. SI direction, the frequency of errors in the range from 0 mm to 1 mm was 26.3 %, 50.2 % in the range from 1 mm to 3 mm, 22.4 % in the range from 3 mm to 5 mm, and 1.1 % in the range of 5 mm or more. Conclusion: The setup error was highest in the SI direction of $2.01{\pm}1.40mm$. The frequency in each direction was the highest in more than 50 % in the range from 1 mm to 3 mm. $Clarity^{TM}$ Auto scan is possible to monitoring the motion of the prostate during the treatment and to repositioning the patient. In conclusion real-time image-guided radiotherapy using ultrasonography will be increase the reproducibility of radiation therapy.

국내 무기체계의 국외 위조 부품 도입 적용 방지를 위한 품질보증 정책 연구

김시옥(Si-Ok Kim),백원철(Si-Ok Kim),김동길(Dong-Gil Kim),김흥근(Heung-Geun Kim) 한국전자통신학회 2020 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.4

본 연구에서는 무기 시스템의 위조품 적용 방지를 위한 위조품의 관리 방법과 식별 방법에 대해서 알아보고, 위조품 관리 표준과 품질 보증 방법을 제안하였다. 이를 위해서 구체적으로 다음과 같은 3가지 영역에 대한 연구를 수행하였다: 1) 위조품에 대한 일반적인 연구, 2) 해외 구매 부품의 위조품의 관리 방법, 3) 위조품의 품질 보증 방법. 분석한 내용을 바탕으로 위조품 관리 방법, 관리 표준 및 네트워크 구축, 시스템 개선 및 품질 보증 방법 강화 등의 국외 위조 부품 도입 적용 방지를 위한 품질보증 정책 방향을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to establish a quality assurance method and managerial standard through management practices and identification method of counterfeit items as measure to eradicate counterfeit items of weapon system. We have performed a study in three significant terms. First, a general study on counterfeit items. In this part, we have described the definition, cause and control need of counterfeit item. Second, management practice of foreign-purchased counterfeit items. Finally, quality assurance methods of counterfeit items. We have proposed the counterfeit items management method, building managerial standard and network, improvement of a system and strengthening quality assurance method.

재활용 절삭칩으로 제조된 AC2B 합금의 용체화 열처리에 따른 미세조직 및 기계적특성 변화

김동혁,윤종천,최창영,최시근,홍명표,신상윤,예병준,Kim, Dong-Hyuk,Yoon, Jong-Cheon,Choi, Chang-Young,Choi, Si-Geun,Hong, Myoung-Pyo,Shin, Sang-Yoon,Ye, Byung-Joon 한국주조공학회 2018 한국주조공학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Changes in the microstructures and mechanical properties of an AC2B alloy through solution heat treatment were investigated using recycled AC2B cutting chips as raw material. The as-cast microstructure of the AC2B alloy comprised ${\alpha}$-Al, $Al_2Cu$, and coarse needle-shaped phases considered to be eutectic Si and an Al-Fe-Si based intermetallic compound. After solution heat treatments at $505^{\circ}C$ for 1 h and 6 h, the samples showed complete dissolution of $Al_2Cu$ and relatively fine distribution of intermetallic compounds. Hardness test results showed that the hardness rapidly increased after the solution heat treatment for 1 h by solid solution hardening, and the increase of hardness exhibited a plateau from 1 h to 6 h. The results of the hardness and tensile tests showed that there was no visible difference in the effect of 1 h and 6 h solid solution treatment.

레이저 클래딩 공정변수에 따른 S45C 모재와 클래딩층의 거동 평가

최시근(Si Geun. Choi),김석삼(Seock Sam. Kim),성지현(Ji Hyun. Sung),이재욱(Jae Wook. Lee),김양곤(Yang Gon. Kim),임진호(Jin Ho. Lim),김종형(Jong Hyoung. Kim) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2016 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.4

S대역 군사 레이더용 2kW급 GaN HEMT 증폭기 개발

김시옥(Si-Ok Kim),최길웅(Gil-Wong Choi),유영근(Young-Geun Yoo),임병옥(Byeong-Ok Lim),김동길(Dong-Gil Kim),김흥근(Heung-Geun Kim) 한국전자통신학회 2020 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.3

본 논문에서는 S-밴드 군용 레이더에 사용되고 기존의 TWTA를 대체하기 위해 GaN HEMT 기반 증폭모듈을 이용하여 개발한 2kW급 반도체증폭기(SSPA)를 제안하였다. 제안한 SSPA는 8개의 증폭모듈로 이루어진 고출력증폭모듈, 구동증폭모듈, 제어모듈 및 전원공급 장치로 이루어져 있다. 제안한 SSPA는 1) 증폭모듈과 구성부품은 공간적 제약으로 작은 패키지에 통합설계 되었으며, 2) PCB 내장형 하모닉필터를 이용하여 고주파를 제거하였으며, 그리고 3) 입력신호의 듀티 변화에 대응하여 일정한 출력이 유지되도록 하는 자동이득조절기를 설계하였다. 제안된 SSPA는 최대 48 dB의 이득과 3.1~3.5 GHz의 주파수 대역에서 63-63.6 dBm의 출력 전력을 보였다. 자동이득조절 기능은 15-20 dBm의 입력전력 변동에도 대해서, 출력전력이 63dBm 전후로 일정하게 유지하는 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 MIL-STD-810의 시험기준을 만족하는 높은 (55 ℃) / 낮은 (-40 ℃) 온도 시험 프로파일을 이용한 온도시험을 통해 개발된 시스템의 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 개발된 SSPA는 경량, 고출력, 고이득, 안전기능, 낮은 수리비, 짧은 수리시간 등 측면에서 기존의 TWTA 증폭기보다 우수한 것을 확인하였다. This paper proposes a 2-kW solid-state power amplifier (SSPA) developed by employing power amplifier pallets designed using gallium-nitride high electron mobility transistors, which is used in S-band military radars and to replace existing traveling-wave tube amplifier (TWTA). The SSPA consists of a high-power amplifier module, which combines eight power amplifier pallets, a drive amplifier module, a digital control module, and a power supply unit. First, the amplifier module and component were integrated into a small package to account for space limitations; next, an on-board harmonic filter was fabricated to reject spurious components; and finally, an auto gain control system was designed for various duty ratios because recent military radar systems are all active phase radars using the pulse operation mode. The developed SSPA exhibited a max gain of 48 dB and an output power ranging between 63-63.6 dBm at a frequency band of 3.1 to 3.5 GHz. The auto gain control function showed that the output power is regulated around 63 dBm despite the fluctuation of the input power from 15-20 dBm. Finally, reliability of the developed system was verified through a temperature environment test for nine hours at high (55 ℃) / low (-40℃) temperature profile in accordance with military standard 810. The developed SSPA show better performance such as light weight, high output, high gain, various safety function, low repair cost and short repair time than existing TWTA.