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Wahhida Shumi,임지선,남성원,김소현,조경숙,윤주영,박성수 한국바이오칩학회 2009 BioChip Journal Vol.3 No.2
Streptococcus mutans, which is an initial dental plaque colonizer on the mucosal surface of oral cavities, utilize exogenous sucrose as a nutrient source to produce extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). EPS are highly sticky and allow bacterial cells to attach to the tooth surface. Bacteria, including S. mutans, acquire iron from the human body to survive. However, little is known about the mechanism of iron acquisition during the formation of S. mutans biofilms. In this study, we utilized a microfluidic device that generated the microfluidic condition often found in teeth and imaged the spatial distribution of ferric ions over S. mutans biofilms formed in the device using a ferric chemosensor. Our results showed that under iron-repleted conditions S. mutans produced a lower amount of EPS and thus formed smaller biofilms compared to under iron-depleted conditions, indicating that biofilm formation is not required for the survival of the microorganism in the presence of a sufficient amount of iron. Spatial imaging of the biofilms using a ferric chemosensor revealed that higher amounts of ferric ions accumulated in the inner EPS layer of the biofilm formed under both irondepleted and iron-repleted conditions, suggesting that the EPS layer in the biofilm is responsible for acquiring and delivering ferric ions to the cell body.
Violence against Women in Bangladesh
Sabrina Shumi 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2016 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2016 No.7
This paper aims to highlight the issues related to violence against women and the measures being taken to eradicate violence against women in Bangladesh. The paper specially discusses about the underneath reasons of occurring violence and how institutional, community and individual level responses are in place to combat the problem based on secondary and primary information. The root causes of violence against women associated with gender inequality and discrimination along with risk factors like, poverty, educational disparity, socio-economic condition etc. at individual, community and societal level. The consequences are severe not only for the mental and physical health of the women but also for their children’s wellbeing. Aiming to ensure child wellbeing and eradicating violence against women several measures are in practice in Bangladesh at individual, community and institutional level. Promoting gender equality and empowering women are identified as important considering aspects to end violence against women. Government and measures taking organizations like UN, NGOs, law enforcing agencies, health professionals etc. are working to combat the problem followed by several measures for example; acts and laws on child marriage, domestic violence and adult marriage; community mobilization, campaigns for education, stopping child marriage and dowry; initiating capacity building projects, advocacy in local and national level to ensure access to resources and services etc. Changing cultural norms and the mind set up of society is a long time effort; however, several case studies and project outcomes related to promoting gender equality indicated positive changes in the long run. Few challenges, learning and future prospects are also explored at the end of the paper.
Microfluidic Detection of Multiple Heavy Metal Ions Using Fluorescent Chemosensors
Kou, Songzi,Nam, Seong-Won,Shumi, Wahhida,Lee, Min-Hee,Bae, Se-Won,Du, Jianjun,Kim, Jong-Seung,Hong, Jong-In,Peng, Xiaojun,Yoon, Ju-Young,Park, Sung-Su Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.5
Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition Using Si Precursors as Inhibitors
Khan, Rizwan,Shong, Bonggeun,Ko, Byeong Guk,Lee, Jae Kwang,Lee, Hyunsoo,Park, Jeong Young,Oh, Il-Kwon,Raya, Shimeles Shumi,Hong, Hyun Min,Chung, Kwun-Bum,Luber, Erik J.,Kim, Yoon-Seok,Lee, Chul-Ho,Kim American Chemical Society 2018 Chemistry of materials Vol.30 No.21
<P>Short-chain aminosilanes, namely, bis(<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>-dimethylamino)dimethylsilane (DMADMS) and (<I>N</I>,<I>N</I>-dimethylamino)trimethylsilane (DMATMS), have been used as Si precursors for atomic layer deposition (ALD) of SiO<SUB>2</SUB>. In this work, the DMADMS and DMATMS Si precursors are utilized as inhibitors for area-selective ALD (AS-ALD). The inhibitors selectively adsorb on a SiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface but not on H-Si, so that SiO<SUB>2</SUB> becomes selectively deactivated toward subsequent ALD. The deactivation of the SiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface by the inhibitors was investigated using various experimental and theoretical methods, including surface potential measurements, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Better inhibition was observed for ALD of Ru and Pt than for ALD of Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and HfO<SUB>2</SUB>. Through quantum mechanical and stochastic simulations, the difference in the blocking ability for noble metal and metal oxide ALD by the aminosilane inhibitors could be attributed to the inherently partial surface coverage by the inhibitors at their saturation and the reactivity of the subsequent ALD precursors. As silane inhibitors can be easily integrated with vacuum-based processes to facilitate high volume manufacturing of upcoming electronic devices, the current study provides a potential approach for the utilization of AS-ALD in pattern fabrication inside 3D nanostructures.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>