Effect of bee-vectored Beauveria bassiana on greenhouse beneficials under greenhouse cage conditions

Shipp, L.,Kapongo, J.P.,Park, H.H.,Kevan, P. Academic Press 2012 Biological control Vol.63 No.2

Beauveria bassiana ([Balsamo] Vuillemin [Ascomycota: Hypocreales] Botanigard 22WP® formulation]) shows potential as a bee-vectored microbial control agent for control of insect pests on greenhouse tomato and sweet pepper. To integrate this control strategy with existing beneficials used in greenhouse vegetable production, it is important to determine the impact of bee vectored Beauveria on commonly used biocontrol agents in greenhouse crops. Therefore, greenhouse trials were conducted to investigate the impact of bee-vectored B. bassiana on the survivorship and parasitism/predation level of Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Orius insidiosus (Say) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) and Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Two treatments were evaluated: (bee-vectored inoculum [1.37x10<SUP>10</SUP>conidia/g of inoculum] and a control [bees but no inoculum]). The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with three to four replications per treatment over time. The commercial bumblebee pollinator, Bombus impatiens (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), was used to vector the microbial control agent to the crop. Over 95% of the flower and leaf samples from the tomato and sweet pepper crops contained detectable levels of Beauveria spores. No significant differences in mortalities were found between the two treatments for the parasitoid species and A. swirskii. Mortality for O. insidiosus was significantly greater in the Beauveria treatment compared to the control treatment. Parasitism and predation levels were not significantly different between to the two treatments. Also, Beauveria did not significantly impact bee mortality compared to the control treatment. Thus, based on the results presented in the current study, bee vectoring of the entomopathogen, B. bassiana, should be compatible with many of the beneficial arthropod control agents that are used in greenhouse integrated pest management.

Public Relations From the Perspective of the Small Business

( Dixie Shipp Evatt ),( Jan F. Triplett ),( Crispin Ruiz ) 한국주관성연구학회 2003 Journal of Human Subjectivity Vol.1 No.2

Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a Potential Biological Control agent, on Tomato Russet Mite, Aculops lycopersici (Acari: Eriophyidae)

H.H. Park,L. Shipp,R. Buitenhuis,K.H. Kim,C.G. Park,B.R. Choi,J.J. Kim,S.W. Lee,S.G. Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.05

Predation, development, and ovipostion experiments were conducted to evaluate Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a potential biological control agent for tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Acari: Eriophyidae) which is a periodic pest of greenhouse tomatoes. Results show that A. swirskii attacked all developmental stages of A. lycopersici, and had a type II functional response on the prey densities given. The predation rates of A. swirskii on A. lycopersici in the presense of alternative food sources such as pollen, thrips first instar, or whitefly eggs were recorded as 74%, 56%, and 76%, respectively of the predation rate on A. lycopersici alone. Amblyseius swirskii successfully completed their life-cycle on either A. lycopersici or cattail pollen. At 25oC, 70% RH, development time of female A. swirskii fed on A. lycopersici or on cattail pollen took 5.0 and 6.2 days, respectively. For the first 10 days after moulting to the adult stage, A. swirskii fed on A. lycopersici had higher daily oviposition rate (2.0 eggs per day) than on pollen (1.5 eggs per day). From this laboratory study, it can be concluded that A. swirskii has promising traits as a predator against A. lycopersici and that their populations can be stably maintained using alternative food such as cattail pollen. We suggest that the effectiveness of A. swirskii against A. lycopersici under field conditions deserves to be investigated.

곤충병원균과 Bee-Vectoring 기술을 이용한 작물보호

박홍현,김정준,Ghulam Mustafa,Les Shipp 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

곤충, 특히 벌을 이용한 Bee-vectoring 기술은 수정벌이 꽃가루뿐만 아니라 박테리아나 곰팡이 같은 미생물등도 운반하는 점을 병해충 방제에 응용한 기술이다. 캐나다를 비롯한 여러 나라에서 1990년대 초반부터 연구되고 있고, 우리나라도 최근 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 수정벌이 미생물제제의 매개자로서 식물체의 꽃이나 잎 등에 곤충병원균을 전파함으로써 병해충 방제를 가능케 하는 새로운 방제 전략으로, 곤충병원균을 효율적으로 살포할 수 있는 매개곤충 및 방제제 선발과 미생물 제제가 효과적으로 벌에 부착하는 것을 도와주는 분배장치의 개발이 중요하다. Al-mazar’awi 등(2006, 2007)와 Kapongo 등(2008a, 2008b)은 곤충병원성곰팡이, 뒤영벌, 분배장치를 이용하여 bee-vectoring의 기술을 연구, 개발하였는데, 최적농도에서 뒤영벌에 영향을 최소화하면서 시설내 온실가루이, 총채벌레 뿐만 아니라 식물병의 방제 가능성을 보고하였다. 본 연구진의 연구결과에 따르면 Bt제를 이용한 vectoring 연구 결과, 뒤영벌은 벌, 꽃, 잎에 상당한 양의 미생물 살충제를 살포시키고 이 균들에 의한 해충 방제효과도 확인하였다. 베큘로바이러스(ACMNPV)도 식물체내 살포가 확인되었으며 대상해충에 방제효과가 높게 나타났다. 또한 분배장치는 bee-vectoring 연구에서 중요한 부분으로 국내에서 새로이 고안된 분배장치는 기존의 국외 개발 장치와 비교시 벌의 활동량과 제제 운반량을 증진시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 벌이 분배장치를 통과시 부착되어 운반하는 제제의 양은 분배장치의 길이, 폭, 높이 조합과 연관되어 있었다. 친환경 방제를 위해 사용되는 미생물 살충제의 곤충 이용 살포기술은 곤충병원균의 생존에 영향이 없는 생력적 방제 기술로서 많은 연구의 확대가 필요한 분야이다.

Life history parameters of a commercially available Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed on cattail (Typha latifolia) pollen and tomato russet mite (Aculops lycopersici)

박홍현,Les Shipp,Rosemarije Buitenhuis,Jeong Joon Ahn 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.4

Development, oviposition, and survival of a commercially available predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot), were investigated to determine the life history parameters when they consumed a diet of cattail (Typha latifolia L.) pollen or tomato russet mites (Aculops lycopersici [Massee]) at 25±0.5 °C and 70±10% RH. Both diets were favorable for development, oviposition, and survival of A. swirskii. Amblyseius swirskii reared on mite prey showed improved performance as compared to pollen. Females laid a total of 26.8 and 38.1 eggs on the pollen and mite diets, respectively. The mortality of female A. swirskii was very low during the first 20 days on both diets, and the cumulative Weibull models that were used to describe age-specific survival and fecundity of female showed a good fit to the data. The net reproductive rate (R_0), intrinsic rate of increase (r_m), and finite rate of increase (λ) of A. swirskii were higher on russet mites than when fed on the pollen diet due to their shorter immature development period and higher oviposition rate. The intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) of the predatory mite was 0.185 and 0.201 on the pollen and mite diet, respectively. The mean generation time (T) and the population doubling time (D_t) were not significantly different for A. swirskii on the two diets. Our results provide life history information for a commercially available A. swirskii using two favorable diets and can be used to compare population growth under other diet sources.

Predation, development, and oviposition by the predatory mite Amblyseius swirkii (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on tomato russet mite (Acari: Eriophyidae).

Park, Hong-Hyun,Shipp, Les,Buitenhuis, Rosemarije Entomological Society of America [etc.] 2010 Journal of economic entomology Vol.103 No.3

<P>Predation, development, and oviposition experiments were conducted to evaluate Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a potential biological control agent for tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Acari: Eriophyidae), which can be a serious pest of greenhouse tomatoes. Results showed that A. swirskii attacked all developmental stages of A. lycopersici and had a type II functional response at the prey densities tested. The attack rate and handling time estimates from the random predator equation were 0.1289/h and 0.2320 h, respectively, indicating that A. swirskii can consume 103.4 individuals per day. Predation rates of A. swirskii on A. lycopersici in the presence of alternative food sources such as pollen, first-instar thrips, or whitefly eggs were 74, 56, and 76%, respectively, compared with the predation rate on A. lycopersici alone. A. swirskii successfully completed their life cycle on either A. lycopersici or cattail (Typha latifolia L.) pollen. At 25 degrees C and 70% RH, developmental time of female A. swirskii fed on A. lycopersici or on cattail pollen was 4.97 and 6.16 d, respectively. For the first 10 d after molting to the adult stage, A. swirskii fed on A. lycopersici had higher daily oviposition rate (2.0 eggs per day) than on pollen (1.5 eggs per day). From this laboratory study, it can be concluded that A. swirskii has promising traits as a predator against A. lycopersici and that their populations can be maintained using alternative food sources such as cattail pollen. We suggest that the effectiveness of A. swirskii against A. lycopersici under field conditions needs next to be investigated.</P>

Life history parameters of a commercially available Amblyseius swirskii(Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed on cattail (Typha latifolia) pollen and tomato russet mite (Aculops lycopersici)

Park, Hong-Hyun,Shipp, Les,Buitenhuis, Rosemarije,Ahn, Jeong-Joon 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.4

Development, oviposition, and survival of a commercially available predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot), were investigated to determine the life history parameters when they consumed a diet of cattail (Typha latifolia L.) pollen or tomato russet mites (Aculops lycopersici [Massee]) at <TEX>$25{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$</TEX> and <TEX>$70{\pm}10%$</TEX> RH. Both diets were favorable for development, oviposition, and survival of A. swirskii. Amblyseius swirskii reared on mite prey showed improved performance as compared to pollen. Females laid a total of 26.8 and 38.1 eggs on the pollen and mite diets, respectively. The mortality of female A. swirskii was very low during the first 20 days on both diets, and the cumulative Weibull models that were used to describe age-specific survival and fecundity of female showed a good fit to the data. The net reproductive rate (<TEX>$R_0$</TEX>), intrinsic rate of increase (<TEX>$r_m$</TEX>), and finite rate of increase (<TEX>${\lambda}$</TEX>) of A. swirskii were higher on russet mites than when fed on the pollen diet due to their shorter immature development period and higher oviposition rate. The intrinsic rate of increase (<TEX>$r_m$</TEX>) of the predatory mite was 0.185 and 0.201 on the pollen and mite diet, respectively. The mean generation time (T) and the population doubling time (<TEX>$D_t$</TEX>) were not significantly different for A. swirskii on the two diets, Our results provide life history information for a commercially available A. swirskii using two favorable diets and can be used to compare population growth under other diet sources.

Evaluation of Two Commercial Strains of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) and Laboratory-Selected, Pyrethroid-Resistant and Susceptible Strains of Amblyseius Fallacis (Garman) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) for Pesticide Resistance

Lee, Sang-Guei,J. Les Shipp,K. Wang Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2001 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.4 No.2

To evaluate the pesticide resistance of two commercial strains of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias Henriot (Koppert, Strain A; Applied Bio-Nomics, strain B) and two strains of Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) (resistant and susceptible), residual toxicity trials were conducted on greenhouse cucumber crops that were sprayed with two pesticides (pyridabern and dicofol), respectively. Strain A had significantly higher mortalities than strain B when exposed to foliage residues of pyridaben and dicofol. Strain B showed 3-18% higher survivorship than strain A when exposed to 7-to 14-day foliage residues of pyridaben at 213 and 426 ppm. When exposed to 1-and 8-day foliage residues of dicofol at 152 and 303 ppm, strain A exhibited 8-10% higher mortalities as compared to strain B. Residual toxicity of both pesticides to P. persimilis decreased significantly at the lower concentrations and over time under greenhouse conditions. Mortalities of both strains of P. persimilis were reduced by 50% when exposed to the 1-seek residues of both pesticides at the lowest concentrations. With the treatment of dicofol (303 ppm), mortalities for the two strains of P. Persimilis decreased from 53.54-42.68% at 1-day residues to 28.18-21.21% at 8-day residues. At 500 ppm of dicofol, mortalities decreased from 60.09-60.90% at 1-day residue to 35.75-34.14% at 22-day residues. However, with dicofol (1000 ppm), mortalities were as high as 61.73% at 22-day residue. The resistant strain of A. fallacies showed significantly lower mortality, as compared to the susceptible strain, when exposed to 1-and 7-day foliage residue of pyridaben at 213 and 426 ppm concentrations. Mortality of A. fallacis to pyridaben was lower than that of P. persimilis. This suggests that A. fallacis may be more compatible with the application of this pesticide to greenhouse crops than that of P. persimilis. In addition, strain B of P. persimilis may be more advantageous after the application of these pesticides in a greenhouse IPM program than strain A.

Bumble bee vectored Bacillus thuringiensis for control of tobacco cutworm in greenhouse sweet pepper

Hong-Hyun Park,Jeong Jun Kim,Kwang-Ho Kim,Chang-Gyu Park,SiWoo Lee,Sang-Gye Lee,Les Shipp 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

A bee-vectoring method has been recently developed against greenhouse insect pests. In this study, we conducted experiments to determine if bumble bees, bombus terrestris L. could vector Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai from hives equipped with a pathogen dispenser to leaf and flower of sweet pepper. First, in laboratory, insecticidal activity of B. t. subsp. aizawai NT0423 WP (Tobagi, Dongbu Hitek Co.) against 2nd instar larva of Spodoptera litura Fabricius was evaluated to determine if the amount of B. thuringiensis deposited on the leaf and flower would be sufficient to control the tobacco cutworm. The B. t concentration of the product in this experiment was estimated as 2.8-3.1 x 109 CFU/ml. The B. t. concentration on the body of bumble bees that was captured as they exited hives with filled pathogen dispensers was 4.6 x 109 cfu/ml. At the laboratory bioassay, the mortality of tobacco cutworm was serially measured depending on the pathogen concentrations. At the cage trials, the B. t. delivered by bumble bees was detected in bees, flowers and leaves. Through the several trials, the control effect on the tobacco cutworm has been investigating. The side effect on bumble bee from the first trial was not found in this experiment.

Differential contribution of the mitochondrial translation pathway to the survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subsets

Norberg, Erik,Lako, Ana,Chen, Pei-Hsuan,Stanley, Illana A,Zhou, Feng,Ficarro, Scott B,Chapuy, Bjoern,Chen, Linfeng,Rodig, Scott,Shin, Donghyuk,Choi, Dong Wook,Lee, Sangho,Shipp, Margaret A,Marto, Jarr Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nat 2017 CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION Vol.24 No.2

<P>Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are a highly heterogeneous group of tumors in which subsets share molecular features revealed by gene expression profiles and metabolic fingerprints. While B-cell receptor (BCR)-dependent DLBCLs are glycolytic, OxPhos-DLBCLs rely on mitochondrial energy transduction and nutrient utilization pathways that provide pro-survival benefits independent of BCR signaling. Integral to these metabolic distinctions is elevated mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity in OxPhos-DLBCLs compared with BCR-DLBCLs, which is linked to greater protein abundance of ETC components. To gain insights into molecular determinants of the selective increase in ETC activity and dependence on mitochondrial energy metabolism in OxPhos-DLBCLs, we examined the mitochondrial translation pathway in charge of the synthesis of mitochondrial DNA encoded ETC subunits. Quantitative mass spectrometry identified increased expression of mitochondrial translation factors in OxPhos-DLBCL as compared with the BCR subtype. Biochemical and functional assays indicate that the mitochondrial translation pathway is required for increased ETC activity and mitochondrial energy reserves in OxPhos-DLBCL. Importantly, molecular depletion of several mitochondrial translation proteins using RNA interference or pharmacological perturbation of the mitochondrial translation pathway with the FDA-approved inhibitor tigecycline (Tigecyl) is selectively toxic to OxPhos-DLBCL cell lines and primary tumors. These findings provide additional molecular insights into the metabolic characteristics of OxPhos-DLBCLs, and mark the mitochondrial translation pathway as a potential therapeutic target in these tumors.</P>