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申舜植,崔桓壽 현곡학회 1997 제3의학 Vol.2 No.1
We tried to observe the features of ancient medical practice by analysing the records related to medicine in the book, 'the Historical Records of the Three Kingdomsd of which content includes the features of medicine in mythology, plague, celivery of twins, drugs, medical system, shamanism, constitutional medicine, psychiatry, forensic medicine, deformity, a spa, medical phrase, health and welfare v,7ork, religion, death, physiological anatomy, Taoist medicine, acupuncture, the occult art of transformation and etc. Our initial concern was about where to draw line as of nredica.l field and we defined medicine in more broad meaning. The book 'the Historical Records of the Three Kingdomsd describes the world of mythology by way of medicine which is not clearly a conventional one. There appears records of birth of multiple offsprings 7 times in which cases are of triplets or more. Delivering multiple offsprings were rare phenomenon though such fertility was highly admired. This shows one aspect of ancient country having more population meant more power of the nation. Of those medical records conveyed in that book includes stories of childbirth such as giving birth to a son after praving, giving birth to Kim Yoo-shin after 20 months after mother's dream of conception, and a song longing for getting a laudable child. Plagues were prevalent throughout winter to spring season and one can observe various symptoms of plagues in the record. Of these epidemic diseases, cold type might have been more common than the heat one. Appearance of epidemic diseases frequently coincided with that of natural disasters that this suggests a linkage between plague and underlying doctrine on five elements' motion and six kinds of natural factors. There exists only a few names of diseases such as epidemic disease, wind disease, and syndrome characterized by dyspnea. Otherwise there appeared only afflictions that were not specified therefore it remains cluless to keep track of certain diseases of prevalence. Since this 'Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms'd wasn't any sort of medical book, words and terms used were not technical kind and most were the ones used generally among lay people. Therefore any mechanisms of the diseases were hardly mentioned. Some of medicinal substances such as Calculus Bovis, Radix Ginseng, Gaboderma Luciderm, magnetitum were also in use in those days. 53 kinds of dietary supplies appears in the records and some of these might have been used as medicinal purpose. Records concerning dicipline of one's body includes activities such as hunting, archery, horseback riding etc. In Shilla dynasty there were positions such as professor of medicine, Naekongbong(I'~J#1,:*), Kongbong's doctor( *9 ), Kongbong's diviner(* F 0). As an educational facility, medical school was built at the first year of King Hyoso's reign and it's curricula included various subjects as 'Shin Nong's Herbal classics, 'Kabeul classic of acupuncture and moxbustiond, 'The Plain Questions of the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicines, 'Classic of Acupunctures, 'The Pulse Classics, 'Classic of Channels and Acupuncture Pointsd and 'Difficult Classics. There were 2 medical professors who were in charge of education. To establish pharmacopoeia, 2 Shaji4ft, 6 Sha(5P-), 2 Jongshaji(ft*0) were appointed. In Baekje dynasty, Department of Herb was maintained. Doing praying for the sake of health, doing phrenology also can be extended to medical arena. Those who survived over 100 years of age appear 3 times in the record, while 98 appears once. The earliest psychiatrist Nokjin differentiated symptoms to apply either therapies using acupuncture and drug or psvchotherapv.
Kim, Shin-Hye,Song, Young-Hwan,Park, Sangshin,Park, Mi-Jung The Korean Pediatric Society 2016 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.59 No.2
Purpose: Only a few studies have explored nationwide trends in lipid profiles among Asian adolescents. We aimed to assess trends in lipid profiles and the associated lifestyle factors among Korean children. Methods: We analyzed data for 2,094 adolescents who were aged 10-18 years and had participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys in 1998 and 2010. Results: During 1998-2010, the prevalence of obesity significantly increased in boys, but no changes were observed in girls. Over this period, there was a small but significant decrease in the mean lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol level in boys (1998, 87.5 mg/dL; 2010, 83.6 mg/dL; P=0.019) and mean triglyceride levels in girls (1998, 90.8 mg/dL; 2010, 85.8 mg/dL; P=0.020). There were no significant changes in the prevalence of dyslipidemia in boys, but a modest decrease was noted in girls (1998, 25.1%; 2010, 18.3%; P=0.052). During the study period, the prevalence of breakfast skipping decreased, whereas that of regular exercise increased in both groups. Daily total energy intake did not change between these years. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, breakfast skipping was associated with increased risk of hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia in boys (odds ratio [OR], 5.77) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 2.27) in girls. Regular exercise was associated with decreased risk of hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia (OR, 0.40) in boys. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of obesity in boys increased, favorable or constant trends in lipid profiles were observed among Korean adolescents during 1998-2010. Decrease in breakfast skipping and increase in regular exercise may have contributed to these trends.
신재환(Shin, Jae-hwan) 영남퇴계학연구원 2021 퇴계학논집 Vol.- No.28
본 논문은 18세기 후반 조선 시단에 수용되기 시작한 청대 4대 시학이론을 개괄하고, 이들 이론이 시기별로 등장한 순서에 따라 어떠한 시대적 요구와 개별 문인들의 의식 및 취향에 의해 조선 시단에 수용되었는지 포괄적으로 살펴보았다. 왕사정(王士禎)의 신운설(神韻說)에 대한 수용은 사가시인(四家詩人)의 한 사람인 이덕무(李德懋)에 의해 시작되었다. 그의 신운설 수용은 두 가지 형태로 나타나니, 당시 송시풍(宋詩風) 일변도의 조선 시단에 왕사정의 존재와 그의 시작(詩作) 및 시학이론을 소개함으로써 원래의 당시풍(唐詩風)을 회복하는 데 기여한 점과 대경당전집(帶經堂全集)을 포함한 왕사정의 여러 저작들을 소개하고 구입해 온 점이다. 뒤이어 김정희(金正喜) 또한 신운설을 긍정적으로 평가하였으며, 왕사정이 청대 시단의 정종(正宗)으로 추대된 당위성을 피력하였다. 또한 ‘신운’이란 용어를 자신의 시에 원용하고, ‘청원(淸遠)한 풍격의 추구’와 ‘성당(盛唐) 시풍의 회복’을 표방한 신운설과 뜻을 함께 하였다. 조선 후기 시단에 마지막으로 신운설을 수용한 인물은 김택영(金澤榮)이다. 그 또한 신운은 그 실체를 포착하기 어렵다는 사실을 인식하면서, 신운의 의경(意境)이 담긴 지식인의 고뇌를 표출한 다량의 작품을 남겼다. 심덕잠(沈德潛)의 격조설(格調說)은 지배 계층의 통치 이념에 부합하는 측면이 있었기에, 그 참신성의 결여로 말미암아 문인들의 수용 태도는 비교적 소극적이었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이익(李瀷)과 그의 제자 윤기(尹愭)에 의해 부분적으로 수용되기 시작하였다. 이익은 격조설의 주요 특징인 ‘온유돈후(溫柔敦厚)의 시교(詩敎)’를 강조하고 그것의 효용 가치를 분명하게 밝혔다. 윤기 또한 스승의 시학관을 비판적으로 계승하여 시교와 시경(詩經)의 사회적 작용인 ‘흥관군원(興觀群怨)’의 가치를 중시하였다. 이후 격조설은 정약용에 의해 보다 적극적으로 수용되었으니, 시교의 사회적 효용과 ‘충군애민(忠君愛民)’의 정서가 담긴 두보(杜甫) 시의 시 정신을 높이 평가하였다. 이는 격조설의 양대 표준인 시경과 두보 시를 동시에 수용한 결과로 볼 수 있다. 김정희 또한 ‘온유돈후의 시교’를 선택적으로 수용하면서 ‘격조(格調)’로써 절제되지 않은 ‘성령(性靈)’을 바로잡아야 한다는 이론을 제시하였다. 4대 시학이론 중 가장 광범위한 영향을 끼친 원매(袁枚)의 성령설(性靈說)은 연행(燕行)을 통해 청의 학인(學人)들과 직접적으로 교유할 기회를 가졌던 이덕무와 박제가(朴齊家) 등에 의해 처음으로 수용되었다. 이들은 처음에 조선 시단에 원매의 존재를 알리고 그의 <회인시(懷人詩)>를 소개하는 정도였으나 점차 청대 후기 성령파 시인들과 직접적인 교유를 통해 그들의 학시(學詩) 경향을 받아들였다. 이는 비교적 오랜 시기 동안 신운 계열의 시가 조선 후기 시단을 주도하는 상황에서 벗어나고자 하는 시대적 요구이기도 하였다. 한편 이옥(李鈺)과 최성환(崔瑆煥)은 시화집과 시선집의 편찬이라는 방식을 통해 원매와 그의 성령설을 받아들였다. 이옥은 이언(俚諺)(시집)과 백가시화초(百家詩話鈔)(시화집)를 편선하는 과정에서 성령시론을 적극적으로 받아들였으며, 최성환이 편찬한 시선집인 성령집(性靈集) 또한 수원시화(隨園詩話)의 체례를 그대로 모방하였다. 옹방강(翁方綱)의 기리설(肌理說)은 4대 시학이론 중 가장 늦게 출현하였으며, 조선의 문인들이 처음부터 그것의 실체를 정확하게 인식하고 수용했다기보다는, 당시 성행한 고증학을 받아들이는 과정에서 자연스럽게 접하게 되었다. 성해응(成海應)은 처음으로 옹방강 등 청대 학자들의 고증학을 계승하고, 한학(漢學)과 송학(宋學)을 융합하여 그 요체로 삼은 기리설의 본령을 인식하기 시작하였다. 모색의 단계를 거친 후 본격적으로 이를 수용한 인물은 신위(申緯)와 김정희를 꼽을 수 있으니, 이들은 격조설과 신운설의 단점을 보완하는 절충적 방식을 통해 기리설을 수용하였다. 신위는 옹방강의 영향을 받아 ‘유소입두(由蘇入杜)’를 자신의 학시문경(學詩門徑)으로 삼았다. 김정희 또한 기리설을 적극적으로 수용하였으니, 그는 고증학을 시학이론에 접목시킨 옹방강의 역량을 높이 평가하고, 기리설은 ‘의리(義理)’와 ‘문리(文理)’의 결합으로 이해되어야 한다고 역설하였다. 또한 충효(忠孝)를 표방하며 당에서는 두보의 시, 송에서는 황정견(黃庭堅)의 시를 높이 평가하였다. This study analyzes how the four major poetic theories of Qing Dynasty were accepted at the poetical circles of the late Joseon Dynasty. In this process, through the poetic theory and poetry of the individual literary people of the Joseon Dynasty , the detainees, a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the background and personal tastes of the times worked. First, among the four major poetic theories of Qing Dynasty, Wangshizhen(王士禎) s shenyunshuo(神韻說) was established as the leading poetic theory of the late Joseon Dynasty based on the background of the era. I looked at it. In addition, I analyzed the patterns accepted in the late Joseon Dynasty by dividing individual writers and schools. First of all, this study examined the acceptance of four fine poets(四家詩人) including Lee Deok-mu(李德懋). Kim Jung-hee(金正喜) starts from the perspective of shenyun(神韻) s ‘inherent domain of art beyond the sense and concept that can be conveyed in language’. The aspects of acceptance were examined in terms of ‘pleasure(興趣)’ etc. Next, among the four major poetic theories of Qing Dynasty, Shendeqian(沈德潛) s gediaoshuo(格調說) and Wengfanggang(翁方綱) s jilishuo(肌理說), which were accepted in the late Joseon Dynasty, were analyzed separately. In the first half, I examined the acceptance of Jung Yak-yong(丁若鏞) among literary writers, focusing on the poems of clemency and humane(溫柔敦厚), which is toned by gediaoshuo(格調說). In the latter part, I examined the fact that jilishuo(肌理說), which had a historical research influence on the back, was held on the back of a popular testimony wind. The writers who accepted jilishuo(肌理說) at that time could be named Shin-yu(申緯) and Kim Jung-hee(金正喜). Most of them proceeded in an eclectic way to make up for the shortcomings of gediaoshuo(格調說) and shenyunshuo(神韻說). In addition to this, I also looked into Lee Deok-mu(李德懋) s acceptance of jilishuo(肌理說), which actively used books related to the historical research influence of Qing Dynasty. Lastly, this study analyzed how the xinglingshuo(性靈說) of Yuanmei(袁枚) was accepted in the four major poetic theories of Qing Dynasty. xinglingshuo(性靈說) and the Spirit Poetry(性靈詩) were introduced in the process of four fine poets(四家詩人) interacting with Qing dynasty scholars and poets and exchanging cultural literacy. Particularly, among the four fine poets(四家詩人), Park Je-ga(朴齊家) puts the core of his poetics into the expression of self-sound(自家音), which is another expression of the spread out spirit(獨抒性靈). Kim Jung-hee(金正喜) regards the implications of the Holy Spirit(性靈) as a passion and a personality. However, he pursued an eclectic attitude that the Spirit, which he pursued, had to go through the process of correcting through ‘gediao(格調)’ because it contained debauchery and bizarre elements.
자기-관찰학습이 피루에트 앙 디올 턴 학습에 미치는 영향
신석환(Shin, Seak-Hwan),권택용(Kwon, Taeg-Yong) 한국사회체육학회 2015 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.60
This study is a form of observation learning is intended to examine the applicability of the observation learning program for the promotion of dance skills learning in real lesson in the dance scene by analyzing the impact of Pirouette en dehors turn learning. This study is no dance experience with a total of 36 groups o f between 17 and 24 years old, men and women and target the expert-modeling group, self-modeling group , self-observation groups, were divided into a control group with nine apiece randomly assigned. After subjects are to conduct a preliminary examination of each about after a pirouette en dehors turn each group participated in training for seven days of practice for 20 minutes every day, depending on how. After the end of practice to identify changes in the entire performance during the time trial performance by filming a scene. Immediately posttest examination was performed one day after the end of experiment. The analysis of operations carried out in the retention test score of self-observation group performs scores were better than the other groups, self-modeling group, expert-modeling group and the control group was found to improve skills in order to perform this operation.
중부지역 옥수수 파종기에 따른 생육단계 및 수량성 변화
서종호, 문중경, 정건호, 서민정, 구자환, 박장환, 배환희, 신성휴, 권영업 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2014 農業科學硏究 Vol.30 No.2
Maize hybrids were planted on April 1, April 25, May 20 and June 15 in 2012, 2013 at the experimental paddy and upland fields in Suwon city , respectively to know changes of growth stage and yield according to different planting time. Maize planting on April 1 was not recommended because total growing days at planting on April 1 was not different with that at planting on April 25 due to many days from planting to emergence over 20 days at planting on April 1. Total growing days were not much different among three planting time after April 25 because days from silking to maturity was lengthened though days from planting to silking was shortened at later planting time. Stalk weight was decreased as planting time was delayed, particularly at planting times after May 20 at paddy field by excess water injury during early growth stage. But, grain yield was not low as in May and June. It is needed to introduce early maturity maize variety as Yanganok at late planting for higher grain yield and enough time for soil preparation for next winter crops
Oh, Seung-Joon,Jeong, In-Kyung,Kim, Young-Seol,Choi, Young-Kil,Paeng, Jeong-Ryung,Bae, Jung-Hwan,Shin, Hyun-Dae 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1
Seung-Joon Oh, In-Kyung Jeong, Young-Seol Kim, Young-Kil Choi, Jeong-Ryung Paeng¹, Jung-Hwan Bae and Hyun-Dae Shin²Department of internal Medicine, College Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute¹. Department of Rehabilitation, College of Oriental Medicine², Seoul, korea. Bady Fat Reduction Effects of Red Ginseng Compound Preparation on the Patients with Obesity. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 244-254, 1999.-Obesity can be defined as a metabolic disease due to an increased state of fat tissues caused by an imbalance of calorie intake and use. Recently, in Korea by improvement and westernization of food intake, along with decrease in exercise activities, the prevalence of obesity has increased greatly. Our objectives were to study stability and effects of decrease in body fat by administering red ginseng compound preparation (known to have body fat decreasing effects in laboratory animals) to obesity patients on low calorie diets. Changes in weight and body fat were measured while carrying out calorie-restricted diets on patients for 4 weeks, then administering red ginseng compound preparation for another 4 weeks. The patients were 20 people whose BMI were 25kg/㎡ or over and whose percent body fat was also 30% or over when tested by bioelectrical conductivity. 1. Changes in weight were from 70.04kg(base line) to 67.43kg(after taking red ginseng compound preparation). 2. In similar sense, BMI decreased from 27.12kg/㎡(base line) to 26.56kg/㎡(after dieting), and further to 26.01kg/㎡ (after taking red ginseng compound preparation). The BMI seemed to decrease significantly compared to the baseline after the use of red ginseng compound. 3. Waist hip ratio was changed from 0.8858(base line) to 0.8728, but it was statistically insignificant. 4. The percent body fat was 35,16%(base line), 33.87%(after dieting), and 31.68%(after taking red ginseng compound preparation). 5. Complete blood cell count and blood chemisrty remained unaffected by the administration. 6. In concern to endocrinologic studies, T3 decreased from 118.7 to 98.2ng/dL, and T4 increased from 8.8 to 9.2㎕/ dL. Epinephrine showed a tendency to decreased from 0.27 to 0.25 ng/mL, and norepinephrine increased from 0.39 to 0.44ng/mL. 7. Leptin was not changed. 8. Some patients complained adverse effects; constipation(5 patients, may be due to diet therapy), fatigue (2 patients), pruritus(2 patients), flushing(s patients), dizziness(3 patients) and epigastric discomfort(2 patients). However their symptoms were mild, so medication did not stopped. In conclusion, loss of weight without significant side effects was observed during low calorie diet and red ginseng compound preparation administration. This is thought to be in relation to sympathetic nerve system rather than adrenal gland. Also, further long0term studies should be required, since the observed results were based on short-term changes in weight.
진화전략과 쌍 선형 회귀성 신경망을 이용한 새로운 태풍 예측 시스템의 개발
信大振,姜渙一 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.25 No.-
In this paper, we predict the typhoon's track and center pressure after 12 hours using the evolution strategy and the bilinear recurrent neural network(ES_BLRNN). We plot the predicted track of the typhoon along with the predicted center pressure in the 3-dimensional space and we compare the predicted positions and pressures of a given typhoon with its real position and pressure, The dying position of the typhoon is predicted under the conditions that we discover the regularity of the variation of the center pressure of the typhoon. Comparing the predicted track and the real track of a given typhoons, it is shown that the prediction system using the evolution strategy and bilinear recurrent neural network is superior to the existing prediction system such as the numerical approach, the neural network approach and the cliper equation.
古代의 韓ㆍ中ㆍ日 醫藥交流 : 「일본서기」를 중심으로 indicated in 「Ilbonseogi」
신순식,최환수,양영준,홍원식 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1
『Ilbonseogi』(edited A.D.720) was studied to investigate the medical and pharmaceutical exchange among ancient Korea, China and Japan. It seemed that Korean and Chinese traditional medicine was introduced to Japan through Korea. It was also shown in 『Ilbonseogi』 that Koreans who lived in China and Japan during that time seemed to have active medical idea exchange. From various facts indicated in 『Ilbonseogi』, it was believed that Korean and Chinese traditional medicine was the basis for the foundation of Japanese traditional medicine.