Excessive mechanical strain accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration by disrupting intrinsic circadian rhythm

Ding Sheng-Long,Zhang Tai-Wei,Zhang Qi-Chen,Ding Wang,Li Ze-Fang,Han Guan-Jie,Bai Jin-Song,Li Xi-Lei,Dong Jian,Wang Hui-Ren,Jiang Li-Bo 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

Night shift workers with disordered rhythmic mechanical loading are more prone to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Our results showed that circadian rhythm (CR) was dampened in degenerated and aged NP cells. Long-term environmental CR disruption promoted IDD in rats. Excessive mechanical strain disrupted the CR and inhibited the expression of core clock proteins. The inhibitory effect of mechanical loading on the expression of extracellular matrix genes could be reversed by BMAL1 overexpression in NP cells. The Rho/ROCK pathway was demonstrated to mediate the effect of mechanical stimulation on CR. Prolonged mechanical loading for 12 months affected intrinsic CR genes and induced IDD in a model of upright posture in a normal environment. Unexpectedly, mechanical loading further accelerated the IDD in an Light-Dark (LD) cycle-disrupted environment. These results indicated that intrinsic CR disruption might be a mechanism involved in overloading-induced IDD and a potential drug target for night shift workers.

한국인 및 중국 한족 정신분열병 환자의 5-HT2A 수용체 유전자 -1438A/G 다형성

이장호,이광철,이승부,오용인,최영근,조아랑,정주호,장환일 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between -1438A/G polymorphism of 5-HT2A receptor gene and schizophrenia in Korean and Han Chinese population. Methods : A sample of 184 Korean patients with schizophrenia and 96 Korean healthy normal controls and 96 Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia and 96 Han-Chinese healthy normal controls were genotyped for a single nucleotide polymorphism with in 5-HT2A receptor gene (promoter region, A-1438G) by Msp I Resthction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Results : There was no difference in allelic frequencies and genotype frequencies of -1438A/G polymorphism between Korean schizophrenics and controls (p=0.13) and Han Chinese schizophrenics and controls (p=0.40). Also, -1438A/G Poly-morphism did not show ethnical difference between Korean and Han Chinese controls. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) scores showed no significant differences between genotypes of -1438A/G polymorphism in both of Korean and Han Chinese schizophrenics. Conclusion : These results suggest that -1438A/G polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene is not causally related to the development of schizophrenia in Korean and Han Chinese population, and there no ethnic difference between Korean and Han Chinese population.

Mobility-Sensitive Multicast Protocol in NEMO

Long-Sheng Li,Hung-I Chi,Kai-Chung Xie,Din-Yuan Chan 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.6

In view of the past, the mobility of the multicast source in the mobility networks is seldom discussed in the traditional multicast protocols. It is a heavy cost for the traditional multicast protocols to reconstruct the multicast tree in the Network Mobility (NEMO) environment. This article proposes an alternative multicast protocol, referred to as Mobility-Sensitive Multicast protocol (MSM), for the NEMO environment. The MSM can be considered as an alternative version of the Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol to maintain the multicast tree in the NEMO. There are two obvious contributions for the MSM. Reconstruct mechanism could rebuild the multicast tree for the mobility of the multicast source. Multi-group suppression mechanism reduce the multicast tree maintaining cost for the mobility of the multicast members. Through the performance evaluations and analyses, the MSM has less cost to maintain the multicast tree than the traditional multicast protocols, especially for a large numbers of multicast groups. Moreover, the MSM allows the mobility of the multicast source to reconstruct the multicast tree easily.

Using TRIZ Techniques to New Product Function Development of Smart Phones

Long-Sheng Chen,Shih-Hsun Chen 대한산업공학회 2011 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.10 No.3

Recently, the fast development of communication technologies has brought a great convince for human beings" life. Lots of commercial services and transactions can be done by using mobile communication equipments such as smart phones. Consequently, smart phones have attracted lots of companies to invest them for their potential growth of market. Compared with basic feature phone, a smart phone can offer more advanced computing ability and connectivity. However, based on the responses of customers, there still are many defectives such as not friendly and smooth operation, short standby time of batteries, threat of virus infected and so on needed to be improved. Therefore, this study will propose a product innovative function development procedure into TRIZ (theory of inventive problem solving) to transform voice of customers into product design and to create novel functions, respectively. A case study of smart phones will be provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The Design and Application of an Automatic Optical Inspection System for the Advanced Fiber Coupler Assembly Manufacturing Process

Chern-Sheng Lin,Jen Min Tsai,Kai-Sheng Chen,Yun-Long Lay,Nin-Chun Chang 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

In this paper an automatic optical inspection system for the advanced fiber coupler assembly manufacturing process is presented. Coupling efficiency variations were compared with axial displacement. The main standard components of light peak fiber couplerswere used in the experiment to determine the corresponding offset and position of the optimal optical coupling efficiency in order toachieve a positioning effect. This study used the parameters of lens curvature, focal length and light source for validation using opticaldesign software. An infrared CCD camera was used to extract the coupled light spot images. The curve fitting method and couplingsimulation database were used for image processing and to calculate optimal coupling efficiency. Under optimal coupling efficiency,the minimum amount of movement of the translation stages was used to calculate the offset of each axle or the coupling efficiencywhen tilted. Moreover, a coupling efficiency database was established. The optical axle center offset in the alignment was calculatedby comparing the data in the database. Finally, the optical axle center offset or tilt direction was identified through the program toachieve the position of optimal coupling efficiency.

Using TRIZ Techniques to New Product Function Development of Smart Phones

Chen, Long-Sheng,Chen, Shih-Hsun Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2011 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.10 No.3

Recently, the fast development of communication technologies has brought a great convince for human beings' life. Lots of commercial services and transactions can be done by using mobile communication equipments such as smart phones. Consequently, smart phones have attracted lots of companies to invest them for their potential growth of market. Compared with basic feature phone, a smart phone can offer more advanced computing ability and connectivity. However, based on the responses of customers, there still are many defectives such as not friendly and smooth operation, short standby time of batteries, threat of virus infected and so on needed to be improved. Therefore, this study will propose a product innovative function development procedure into TRIZ (theory of inventive problem solving) to transform voice of customers into product design and to create novel functions, respectively. A case study of smart phones will be provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Analysis of Pressure Distribution of the Bolted Joints Based on the Finite Element Method

Sheng-ao Wang,Min Zhu,Fei Wu,Tian-xi Liang,Zhao-qun Shao,Yi-long Liu 한국강구조학회 2023 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.23 No.2

Bolted joints widely exist in the field of the national defense industry. However, its nonlinear stiffness degradation will occur under tangential load which may lead to the reliability reduction. According to Coulomb friction theory, the pressure distribution is the key in the tangential degradation of bolted joints. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the pressure distribution of bolted joints. Firstly, we established a threaded bolt model and two simplified models. Secondly, the accuracy of the three models describing the contact area is verified, and the influence of preload and material properties on the contact radius is analyzed. Thirdly, we compared the pressure distribution of the three models, and results show that the smooth bolt model is more suitable for pressure analysis. Finally, the accuracy of several different functions to characterize the pressure distribution of bolted joints is analyzed, and results indicated that the Fernlund function is optimal. This paper provides a feasible simplified bolt model for finite element analysis, and the optimal pressure distribution function can be applied in the tangential stiffness degradation modeling.

Aberrant microRNAs Expression in CD133+/CD326+ Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Initiating Cells from A549

Sheng Lin,Zheng-tang Chen,Jian-guo Sun,Jing-bo Wu,Hai-xia Long,Cong-hui Zhu,Tong Xiang,Hu Ma,Zhong-quan Zhao,Quan Yao,An-mei Zhang,Bo Zhu 한국분자세포생물학회 2012 Molecules and cells Vol.33 No.3

Increasing evidence demonstrates that miRNAs are in-volved in the dysregulation of tumor initiating cells (TICs) in various tumors. Due to a lack of definitive markers, cell sorting is not an ideal separation method for lung adeno-carcinoma initiating cells. In this study, we combined pa-clitaxel with serum-free medium cultivation (inverse-induc-tion) to enrich TICs from A549 cells, marked by CD133/ CD326, defined features of stemness. We next investigated aberrant microRNAs in this subpopulation compared to normal cells with miRNA microarray and found that 50 miRNAs exhibited a greater than 2-fold change in expres-sion. As further validation, 10 miRNAs were chosen to perform quantitative RT-PCR on the A549 cell line and primary samples. The results suggest that aberrant ex-pression of miRNAs such as miR-29ab, miR-183, miR-17-5p and miR-127-3P may play an important role in regulat-ing the bio-behavior of TICs.

Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics of Hot-boned Chicken Breast and Leg Muscles during Storage at 20oC

Long-Hao Yu,이의수,Hong-Sheng Chen,정종윤,최윤상,임동균,김천제 한국축산식품학회 2011 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.31 No.5

The aim of this study was to compare the physicochemical changes of hot-boned chicken breast and leg muscles. Chicken breast and leg muscles from 56 broilers were excised within a 15 min post-mortem (PM) and stored at 20oC. Physicochemical traits were determined at 0.5, 6, 12, and 24 h PM. The ultimate pH of leg muscle was higher than that of breast muscle (p<0.05). The content of glycogen in the breast muscle was relatively higher than that in the leg muscle until 6 h PM (p<0.05). R-values showing rigor mortis of breast and leg muscles were completed after or before 6 h PM. Breast muscle had less cooking loss than leg muscle (p<0.05). Drip loss did not significantly differ between breast and leg muscles with the exception of that at 6 h PM. The sarcomere length of leg muscle was relatively longer than that of breast muscle (p<0.05). The MFI of leg muscle was significantly lower than that of breast muscle (p<0.05). The shear force of leg muscle was lower than that of breast muscle at 6 and 12 h PM (p<0.05); however, that of both muscles did not significantly differ at 24 h PM.

Ultrastructural observations on spermiogenesis in the peanut worm, Phascolosoma esculenta (Sipuncula: Phascolosomatidea)

Lingli Long,Zhang Sheng,Junquan Zhu 한국통합생물학회 2015 Animal cells and systems Vol.19 No.3

Ultrastructural characteristics of spermiogenesis in the peanut worm, Phascolosoma esculenta (Phascolosomatidea), were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The spermiogenesis principally occurs in the coelom and can be divided into three stages (the early, middle and late stages) based on the chromatin morphology, acrosome development, spermatozoon midpiece and flagellum formation. Spermatids within a given spermatid mass develop synchronously. With the spermiogenesis proceeding, the spermatid masses become loosely structured, and later, adjacent spermatids are interconnected at one extremity of the cells. Gradually, condensation of the chromatin accelerates and is almost completed in late spermiogenesis, leaving the late spermatids with highly condensed homogeneous chromatin. In the spermatid head, the conical acrosome is generally composed of an acrosomal vesicle which is formed by the coalescence of small proacrosomal vesicles within the cytoplasm, a subacrosomal space that situates between the acrosomal vesicle and nucleus, and an acrosomal rod which develops from a bunch of filamentous material within the subacrosomal space. Certain mitochondria move posteriorly towards the nucleus, thus constituting the spermatozoon midpiece. The flagellum, originated from the distal centriole, appears in the early spermiogenesis. Ultimately, mature spermatidium dissociates into numerous spermatozoa, which are subsequently released as a single cell from the coelom into the nephridia. The spermatozoon has a prominent head, containing an acrosome and nucleus, a short midpiece and a slender tail. When compared with other sipunculans or invertebrates with external fertilization, the spermiogenesis of P. esculenta, presumably, is closely associated with its biological adaptations for the reproductive strategy.