MUC16 facilitates cervical cancer progression via JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation‑mediated cyclooxygenase‑2 expression

Hui Shen,Meng Guo,Lu Wang,Xinyue Cui 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.2

Objectives MUC16 (mucin 16, also known as CA-125, cancer antigen 125, carcinoma antigen 125, or carbohydrate antigen 125) has been predicted as tumor biomarker for therapy. We determined to investigate effects and regulatory mechanism of MUC16 on cervical tumorigenesis. Methods Expression levels of MUC16 in cervical cancer cell lines was analyzed via qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). Knockdown of MUC16 was conducted via shRNA (Short hairpin RNA) transfection. MTT and colony formation assays were used to investigate effect of MUC16 on cell proliferation. Wound healing assay was utilized to detect migration and transwell assay to detect invasion. The underlying mechanism was demonstrated via western blot analysis. Results MUC16 was elevated in cervical cancer cell lines. MUC16 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Gain- and loss-of functional assays revealed that over-expression of MUC16 activated Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/ signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) via phosphorylation, thus facilitating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, while knockdown of MUC16 demonstrated the reverse effect on JAK2/STAT3 activation and COX-2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 attenuated the regulation of MUC16 on COX-2. Conclusions MUC16 enhanced proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells via JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 expression, suggesting the potential therapeutic target ability of MUC16 to treat cervical cancer.

CONTENTS : ARTICLES ; Academia and Cultural Production: Yu Dan and Her Confucius from the Heart: Ancient Wisdom for Today`s World

( Shen Shen Cai ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2015 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.15 No.1

Chinese professor Yu Dan and her book Yu Dan Lunyu xinde, (Confucius from the Heart: Ancient Wisdom for Today’s World), became an immediate cultural success, contributing to the promotion and the popularity of people’s interest in the Chinese classics and national studies. As a work which bears the marks of both Confucian ideology and popular Confucian cultural traits, the Yu Dan phenomenon captures the development of the national studies craze, in particular those areas relevant to Confucian ideas and principles in contemporary China. Yu Dan’s popularity indicates a recent revival of ancient Chinese cultural, philosophical, and moral traditions in their relationship with modern Chinese society, and their use by contemporary Chinese people. This article analyses the development of the Yu Dan phenomenon and the intense debate it has stimulated, reviewing its subtle collaboration with official discourse and propaganda, and its success as a cultural product. It also analyses the role the Yu Dan phenomenon plays in changing the social status and functions of intellectuals in the contemporary Chinese political-social-cultural milieu.

부사 ‘사실’의 주관성과 주관화 연구

SHEN FENGLIN(SHEN FENGLIN ) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2023 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.23 No.8

목적 본 연구에서는 부사 ‘사실’이 객관적인 대조와 전환 역할에서 주관적인 대조와 전환, 더 나아가 주관화가 진행됨에 따라 전형적 의미가 사라지고 단지 화용적 용법만을 시행하는 등 주관화 강화 과정을 구체적으로 설명하는 데 목적을 둔다. 방법 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 우선 ‘21세기 세종말뭉치’를 사용하여 용례 분석을 진행한 후 의미의 객관성 용법과 주관성 용법으로 나누어 설명하였다. 주관성과 주관화 이론을 통하여 부사 ‘사실’이 사전에서 기술된 객관적인 대조와 전환 역할에서 주관화의 진행에 따라 기본 의미를 배제하고 단지 화용적 용법만을 수행하는 등 주관화 강화 과정을 연구하였다. 결과 분석 결과 객관적인 용법에서는 (1) 선행 구문(표층적 인식)과 후행 구문(객관적 사실) 사이에서 대조와 전환기능, (2) 선행 구문의 정보에 대해 객관적 사실로 수정하는 기능, (3) 선행 구문의 내용에 새로운 정보를 추가하는 기능 등을 보였고 주관적 용법에서는 (1) 표층적 인식에 대한 화자의 주관적 가치 평가 기능, (2) 후행 구문에 화자의 불만, 우려 등 부정적 감적을 추가하는 기능, (3) 대조와 전환의 의미가 사라지고 주관적인 의미 연장을 하는 기능, (4) 기본적인 의미가 완전히 사라진 화자의 주관적 담화 전략적 기능 등을 파악할 수 있었다. 결론 이렇게 ‘사실’의 의미가 원형적 의미에서 주관화가 진행됨에 따라 점차 추상적이고 화용적인 의미로 전이하고 있음을 확인하였다. Objectives The present study aims to explain the subjectivity and subjectivization of the adverb “Sasil”, analyzing how the meaning of the adverb “Sasil” changes from tis objective meaning to its subjective meaning, and finally forms its pragmatic meaning. Methods This study focuses on the objective and subjective usage of the adverb “Sasil” by taking the example sentences in “21st Century Sejong Corpus” as the research object. Through subjectivity and subjectivity theory, the process of strengthening subjectivity of the adverb ‘fact’ was analyzed. With the progress of subjectiveization, we looked at how it changes from the objective role described in the dictionary to the pragmatic use. Results The analysis shows that the objective semantics of “Sasil” are generally as follows: 1) Objective comparison and conversion of the former and latter contents, 2) The latter content of “Sasil” makes objective amendments to the former one, 3) The latter content supplements the former one. Situations with speaker subjectivity are generally interpreted as follows: 1) The speaker's subjective assessment of the objective situation, 2) Negative emotions such as dissatisfaction, disagreement and worry are added to the latter content, 3) The function of objective contrast and transformation as the basic meaning disappears and evolves into the subjective extension of the speaker, 4) The objective meaning disappears completely and is used as a pragmatic function of the speaker to maintain the subject. Conclusions It can be concluded that with the development of subjectivization, “Sasil” has gradually changed from typical meaning to abstract pragmatic meaning.

Thermomechanical postbuckling of imperfect moderately thick plates on two-parameter elastic foundations

Shen, Hui-Shen Techno-Press 1996 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.4 No.2

A postbuckling analysis is presented for a simply supported, moderately thick rectangular plate subjected to combined axial compression and uniform temperature loading and resting on a two-parameter elastic foundation. The two cases of thermal postbuckling of initially compressed plates and of compressive postbuckling of initially heated plates are considered. The initial geometrical imperfection of the plate is taken into account. The formulations are based on the Reissner-Mindlin plate theory considering the first order shear deformation effect, and including the plate-foundation interaction and thermal effect. The analysis uses a deflection-type perturbation technique to determine the buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. Numerical examples cover the performances of perfect and imperfect, moderately thick plates resting on Winkler or Pasternak-type elastic foundations. Typical results are presented in dimensionless graphical form.

Thermal postbuckling of imperfect Reissner-Mindlin plates with two free side edges and resting on elastic foundations

Shen, Hui-Shen Techno-Press 1998 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.6 No.6

A thermal postbuckling analysis is presented for a moderately thick rectangular plate subjected to uniform or nonuniform tent-like temperature loading and resting on an elastic foundation. The plate is assumed to be simply supported on its two opposite edges and the two side edges remain free. The initial geometrical imperfection of the plate is taken into account. The formulation are based on the Reissner-Mindlin plate theory considering the first order shear deformation effect, and including plate-foundation interaction and thermal effects. The analysis uses a mixed Galerkin-perturbation technique to determine the thermal buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. Numerical examples are presented that relate to the performances of perfect and imperfect, moderately thick plates resting on Pasternak-type or softening nonlinear elastic foundations from which results for Winker elastic foundations follow as a limiting case. Typical results are presented in dimensionless graphical form.

Assessment of negative Poisson's ratio effect on thermal post-buckling of FG-GRMMC laminated cylindrical panels

Shen, Hui-Shen,Xiang, Y. Techno-Press 2021 Advances in nano research Vol.10 No.5

This paper examines the thermal post-buckling behaviors of graphene-reinforced metal matrix composite (GRMMC) laminated cylindrical panels which possess in-plane negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) and rest on an elastic foundation. A panel consists of GRMMC layers of piece-wise varying graphene volume fractions to obtain functionally graded (FG) patterns. Based on the MD simulation results, the GRMMCs exhibit in-plane NPR as well as temperature-dependent material properties. The governing equations for the thermal post-buckling of panels are based on the Reddy's third order shear deformation shell theory. The von Karman nonlinear strain-displacement relationship and the elastic foundation are also included. The nonlinear partial differential equations for GRMMC laminated cylindrical panels are solved by means of a singular perturbation technique in associate with a two-step perturbation approach and in the solution process the boundary layer effect is considered. The results of numerical investigations reveal that the thermal post-buckling strength for (0/90)_5T GRMMC laminated cylindrical panels can be enhanced with an FG-X pattern. The thermal post-buckling load-deflection curve of 6-layer (0/90/0)_S and (0/90)_3T panels of FG-X pattern are higher than those of 10-layer (0/90/0/90/0)_S and (0/90)_5T panels of FG-X pattern.

중국 대학생의 SNS 이용이 꽌시(關係) 형성에 미치는 영향

유신신(Shen-Shen Liu),박성복(SungBok Park) 한국디지털콘텐츠학회 2021 한국디지털콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.22 No.8

CRISPR as a strong gene editing tool

( Shengfu Shen ),( Tiing Jen Loh ),( Hongling Shen ),( Xuexiu Zheng ),( Haihong Shen ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2017 BMB Reports Vol.50 No.1

Clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is a new and effective genetic editing tool. CRISPR was initially found in bacteria to protect it from virus invasions. In the first step, specific DNA strands of virus are identified by guide RNA that is composed of crRNA and tracrRNA. Then RNAse III is required for producing crRNA from pre-crRNA. In The second step, a crRNA:tracrRNA:Cas9 complex guides RNase III to cleave target DNA. After cleavage of DNA by CRISPR-Cas9, DNA can be fixed by Non- Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) and Homology Directed Repair (HDR). Whereas NHEJ is simple and random, HDR is much more complex and accurate. Gene editing by CRISPR is able to be applied to various biological field such as agriculture and treating genetic diseases in human. [BMB Reports 2017; 50(1): 20-24]

Nonlinear vibration of microtubules in living cells

Hui-Shen Shen 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.3

Large amplitude flexural vibration behavior is presented for microtubules (MTs) embedded in an elastic matrix of cytoplasm. The microtubule is modeled as a nonlocal shear deformable cylindrical shell which contains small scale effect. The surrounding elastic medium is modeled as a two-parameter elastic foundation. Formulations are based on higher order shear deformation shell theory with a von Kármán-Donnelltype of kinematic nonlinearity. The thermal effect is also included and the material properties are assumedto be temperature-dependent. The small scale parameter e_0a is estimated by matching the fundamental frequencies from existing results with the numerical results obtained from the nonlocal shear deformable shell model. The numerical results show that the fundamental frequencies of MTs are very sensitive to the small scale parameter e_0a. The results reveal that the small scale parameter e_0a reduces the natural frequencies of MTs, but the effect of the small scale parameter on the nonlinear vibration response is relativelyweakerwhen compared to the effect of thesmall scale parameter on the postbuckling response of MTs.

PGA: An Efficient Adaptive Traffic Signal Timing Optimization Scheme Using Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning Algorithm

( Si Shen ),( Guojiang Shen ),( Yang Shen ),( Duanyang Liu ),( Xi Yang ),( Xiangjie Kong ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2020 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.14 No.11

Advanced traffic signal timing method plays very important role in reducing road congestion and air pollution. Reinforcement learning is considered as superior approach to build traffic light timing scheme by many recent studies. It fulfills real adaptive control by the means of taking real-time traffic information as state, and adjusting traffic light scheme as action. However, existing works behave inefficient in complex intersections and they are lack of feasibility because most of them adopt traffic light scheme whose phase sequence is flexible. To address these issues, a novel adaptive traffic signal timing scheme is proposed. It's based on actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithm, and advanced techniques proximal policy optimization and generalized advantage estimation are integrated. In particular, a new kind of reward function and a simplified form of state representation are carefully defined, and they facilitate to improve the learning efficiency and reduce the computational complexity, respectively. Meanwhile, a fixed phase sequence signal scheme is derived, and constraint on the variations of successive phase durations is introduced, which enhances its feasibility and robustness in field applications. The proposed scheme is verified through field-data-based experiments in both medium and high traffic density scenarios. Simulation results exhibit remarkable improvement in traffic performance as well as the learning efficiency comparing with the existing reinforcement learning-based methods such as 3DQN and DDQN.