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Ehud Elnekave,Boris Even-Tov,Boris Gelman,Beni Sharir,Eyal Klement 대한수의학회 2015 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.16 No.1
Routine and emergency vaccination of small ruminants against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is mandatory in many endemic countries, yetdata on the field effectiveness of the vaccines used is scarce. We conducted an investigation of a serotype O FMD outbreak that took placein a sheep and goat pen, and estimated the effectiveness of various routine vaccination statuses. We also evaluated the protection providedby colostrum administration and emergency vaccination. Animals which were routinely vaccinated twice were not clinically affected whiledisease incidence was observed among animals routinely vaccinated only once (p = 0.004 according to a two-sided Fisher’s exact test). Ingroups vaccinated only once, there was a significant association between the average time that elapsed since last vaccination and the diseaseincidence (n = 5; Spearman correlation coefficient: rs = 1.0, p < 0.01). In addition, non-vaccinated lambs fed colostrum from dams vaccinatedmore than 2 months before parturition had a mortality rate of 33%. Administration of emergency vaccination 2 days after the occurrence ofthe index case was the probable reason for the rapid blocking of the FMD spread within 6 days from its onset in the pen.
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Tong Woei Yenn,Leong Chean Ring,Khairul Azly Zahan,Muhammad Sharir Abdul Rahman,Wen-Nee Tan,Bintul Jauza’ Shaik Alaudin 한국생약학회 2018 Natural Product Sciences Vol.24 No.1
Helminthostachys zeylanica is a rare plant grows in lightly shaded areas. The fern was traditionally used as antipyretic and antiphlogistic agents. This study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of H. zeylanica on foodborne Bacillus cereus. The chemical composition of its ethanolic extract was also determined. The plant samples were collected at Kampung Kebun Relong, Kedah, Malaysia. The ethanolic extract showed significant inhibitory activity on B. cereus with a sizeable clear zone detected on disc diffusion assay. On broth microdilution assay, the MIC of the extract on B. cereus was 6.25 mg/ml and the MBC was 12.5 mg/ml. The inhibitory activity of the extract on B. cereus was bactericidal. In the growth dynamic study, the antibacterial efficacy of the extract was concentration dependent, where a lower colony forming unit count was obtained with increased extract concentration. The SEM micrograph of extract treated B. cereus cells showed invaginations of cell wall. The bacterial cell structure collapsed after 24 h exposure to the extract. The GCMS analysis of the extract showed that the major constituents of the extract were phenol (36.26%) and quercetin (29.70%). This study is important as it shows the potential use of H. zeylanica as an effective agent to control B. cereus related infections.
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