Portable Low-Cost MRI System Based on Permanent Magnets/Magnet Arrays

Shaoying Huang,Zhi Hua Ren,Sergei Obruchkov,JIa Gong,Robin Dykstra,Wenwei Yu 대한자기공명의과학회 2019 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.23 No.3

Portable low-cost magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems have the potential to enable “point-of-care” and timely MRI diagnosis, and to make this imaging modality available to routine scans and to people in underdeveloped countries and areas. With simplicity, no maintenance, no power consumption, and low cost, permanent magnets/magnet arrays/magnet assemblies are attractive to be used as a source of static magnetic field to realize the portability and to lower the cost for an MRI scanner. However, when taking the canonical Fourier imaging approach and using linear gradient fields, homogeneous fields are required in a scanner, resulting in the facts that either a bulky magnet/magnet array is needed, or the imaging volume is too small to image an organ if the magnet/magnet array is scaled down to a portable size. Recently, with the progress on image reconstruction based on nonlinear gradient field, static field patterns without spatial linearity can be used as spatial encoding magnetic fields (SEMs) to encode MRI signals for imaging. As a result, the requirements for the homogeneity of the static field can be relaxed, which allows permanent magnets/magnet arrays with reduced sizes, reduced weight to image a bigger volume covering organs such as a head. It offers opportunities of constructing a truly portable low-cost MRI scanner. For this exciting potential application, permanent magnets/magnet arrays have attracted increased attention recently. A magnet/magnet array is strongly associated with the imaging volume of an MRI scanner, image reconstruction methods, and RF excitation and RF coils, etc. through field patterns and field homogeneity. This paper offers a review of permanent magnets and magnet arrays of different kinds, especially those that can be used for spatial encoding towards the development of a portable and low-cost MRI system. It is aimed to familiarize the readers with relevant knowledge, literature, and the latest updates of the development on permanent magnets and magnet arrays for MRI. Perspectives on and challenges of using a permanent magnet/magnet array to supply a patterned static magnetic field, which does not have spatial linearity nor high field homogeneity, for image reconstruction in a portable setup are discussed.

Temperature dependent of thermal expansion and ferroelectric properties for BiAlO3-modified BaTiO3 lead-free ceramics

Shaoying Zheng,Longlong Fan,Erika Odendo,Laijun Liu,Danping Shi,Guizhong Li,Jun Chen,Liang Fang,Brahim Elouadi 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.1

Perovskite structure (1 x)BaTiO3exBiAlO3 (BTexBA, x ¼ 0.05, 0.08 and 0.1, corresponding to BTe5BA, BTe8BA and BTe10BA, respectively) ceramics were prepared by a solid state reaction route. Crystal structure of BTexBA ceramics was determined by using XRD. Dielectric properties were studied as a function of temperature at different frequencies, which indicated that the phase transition temperature (Tm) decreased with increasing x. With increasing temperature, thermal expansion dl/l increased while thermal expansion coefficient a had weak concentration dependence. The Burns temperature was much higher than the transition temperature Tm for the BTe5BA and BTe10BA ceramics. Polarization hysteresis loops (PeE), electrostrictive (SeE) and S versus P2 (SeP2) at different temperatures were displayed. Pmax slightly decreased due to thermally activated leakage current, meanwhile, Smax decreased at above Tm with the contribution of ferroelectric domain reorientation decreased. The electrostrictive coefficient Q value was clearly larger than that of lead-based electrostrictors at room temperature. Furthermore, it exhibited a slim loop with negligible hysteresis and a subtle linear feature at higher temperature.

Portable Low-Cost MRI System Based on Permanent Magnets/Magnet Arrays

Huang, Shaoying,Ren, Zhi Hua,Obruchkov, Sergei,Gong, JIa,Dykstra, Robin,Yu, Wenwei Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2019 Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vol.23 No.3

Portable low-cost magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems have the potential to enable "point-of-care" and timely MRI diagnosis, and to make this imaging modality available to routine scans and to people in underdeveloped countries and areas. With simplicity, no maintenance, no power consumption, and low cost, permanent magnets/magnet arrays/magnet assemblies are attractive to be used as a source of static magnetic field to realize the portability and to lower the cost for an MRI scanner. However, when taking the canonical Fourier imaging approach and using linear gradient fields, homogeneous fields are required in a scanner, resulting in the facts that either a bulky magnet/magnet array is needed, or the imaging volume is too small to image an organ if the magnet/magnet array is scaled down to a portable size. Recently, with the progress on image reconstruction based on non-linear gradient field, static field patterns without spatial linearity can be used as spatial encoding magnetic fields (SEMs) to encode MRI signals for imaging. As a result, the requirements for the homogeneity of the static field can be relaxed, which allows permanent magnets/magnet arrays with reduced sizes, reduced weight to image a bigger volume covering organs such as a head. It offers opportunities of constructing a truly portable low-cost MRI scanner. For this exciting potential application, permanent magnets/magnet arrays have attracted increased attention recently. A magnet/magnet array is strongly associated with the imaging volume of an MRI scanner, image reconstruction methods, and RF excitation and RF coils, etc. through field patterns and field homogeneity. This paper offers a review of permanent magnets and magnet arrays of different kinds, especially those that can be used for spatial encoding towards the development of a portable and low-cost MRI system. It is aimed to familiarize the readers with relevant knowledge, literature, and the latest updates of the development on permanent magnets and magnet arrays for MRI. Perspectives on and challenges of using a permanent magnet/magnet array to supply a patterned static magnetic field, which does not have spatial linearity nor high field homogeneity, for image reconstruction in a portable setup are discussed.

Research on Using Description Methods to Represent IFC-XML Library

Zhou Shaoying,Seunghwa Park,Inhan Kim (사)한국CDE학회 2014 한국 CAD/CAM 학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.2

BIM technology is gradually mature while IFC4 had been released. The IFC-XML description appears as an innovative BIM description. It had been widely used for generating the BIM geometries. Also Rhino<SUP>TM</SUP>-Grasshopper<SUP>TM</SUP> (R-G as follows) description method had benefited various aspects in architecture design. Data interchange among IFC library and R-G is convenient, but the ability of R-G description parsing the IFC-XML library still waits to be explored. Representing the IFC-XML library according to Processing<SUP>TM</SUP> also is one blank field. Based on the IFC-XML library, R-G and Processing<SUP>TM</SUP> are potential to benefit the quality of BIM implementation. Convenience of data exchanging between the R-G and Prcocessing<SUP>TM</SUP> had integrated them as one steady method. One IFC-XML library parsing practice had been implemented according to the Han-ok IFC-XML library. It conducted the steady R-G-Processing<SUP>TM</SUP> method is utilizable to parse the IFC-XML library. So authors suggest one combining description method R-G-Processing<SUP>TM</SUP> for representing the IFC-XML library to improve BIM quality.

온정적 성차별주의와 데이트 폭력의 관계 : 지각된 권력과 적대적 성차별주의의 조절효과

QUAN SHAOYING,임성문 충북대학교 사회과학연구소 2020 사회과학연구 Vol.37 No.2

e ERA

Jiang Shaoying 한국콘텐츠학회 2020 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.2020 No.11

e ERA

Jiang Shaoying 한국콘텐츠학회 2020 한국콘텐츠학회 ICCC 논문집 Vol.2020 No.11

A Study on the Development of Communication Tool for Han - ok Construction

Zhou Shaoying,Seunghwa Park,Inhan Kim (사)한국CDE학회 2013 한국 CAD/CAM 학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.1

Although Korean-style house (KSH) data is available to be browsed and operated in K-Browser, authors found it hard to be practically useful for construction. So in this paper, authors promoted the concept of Hanok Application to develop K-Browser’s communication ability for KSH construction. This concept included: Advancing the communication tools (“Measure”, “Comment” and “Report” tools) in K-Browser. Then authors tested the developed “Measure” tool by the KSH components, such as “GIDUNG” and “Joint GUJO”, then offered ideas and solutions about the problems that might appeared in the process of communication during construction. By the same time authors proposed the concept design of “Comment” and “Report” functions and discussed the potential practically use of K-Browser in real construction processes.

论中国增值税法的转型

?少英(Chen Shaoying) 한국국제조세협회 2011 조세학술논집 Vol.27 No.1

이 글은 각국 부가가치세에 관한 법률 제도를 연구ㆍ비교를 기초로 하여 중국이 1994년 생산형 부가가치세제도를 채택한 역사적인 필연성을 분석한다. 현재 부가가치세는 이미 중국의 가장 큰 세목이 되며 부가가치세법도 중국 세법 체제 중에 가장 중요한 구성부분이 되었다. 그러나 사회경제가 신속하게 발전함에 따라 중국부가가치세법도 점점 단점이 노출되어 경제 발전을 저해하였다. 그러므로 2008년말에 중국 부가가치세의 변화를 중심으로 세제 개혁을 진행하였다. 그럼에도 불구하여 전환된 부가가치세는 아직 완전한 소비형 부가가치세가 아니므로 나아가 보완을 할 필요가 있다고 생각한다. The article analyzes the historic inevitability of which chinese Government chose the production-typed VAT legal system in 1994 on the basis of the research and comparison to national VAT laws. Now, VAT has become the largest tax in chinese tax system, and VAT law has been the most important component in Chinese tax system. However, along with the rapid development of economy, VAT law has increasingly exposed a good many of maladies which impede economic development. Therefore, China keep the transition of VAT as the central task to undertake reforms. But the post-transformation VAT is a non-completed consumption AVT, and it still need to be further improved.

Evaluating Wealth Management Centers in the Pearl River Delta by Using Principal Component Analysis

Weijun Xu,Shaoying Huang,Zhiqiang Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.12

Because of the rapid development and wealth accumulation in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), most of the cities in this area are motivated to establish wealth management centers (WMCs). We create an evaluation index system for assessing the development level of WMCs in cities in the PRD; we develop this system by selecting 20 indicators including gross regional production (GDP). Subsequently, we use panel data from 2010 to 2013 of nine cities in the PRD to evaluate the financial competitiveness of each of these cities through principal component analysis (PCA); we further analyze the pioneering roles of Guangzhou and Shenzhen in establishing WMCs in the PRD. The numerical analysis results reveal that Shenzhen and Guangzhou rank first and second, respectively, regarding financial competitiveness in the PRD, indicating that the two cities play a leading role in the establishment of WMCs in the PRD.