Reading from transition of Beijing block planning and collective housing in the 1950s

Shao, Shuai East-Asian Society for Urban History 2019 Journal of east-asian urban history Vol.1 No.-

This paper showed that the policy power of the Chinese government in the 1950s was directly linked to the development of housing construction. The author of this study conducted on-site surveys of several collective houses built from 1949 to 1960 that are still standing to photograph and investigate the status of these residential buildings.

Biotransformation and detoxification of aflatoxin B₁ by extracellular extract of Cladosporium uredinicola

Shao, Shuai,Cai, Jun,Du, Xin,Wang, ChangGao,Lin, JianGuo,Dai, Jun 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.6

Aflatoxin contamination of food and grain poses a serious economic and health problem globally. Aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$) is extremely mutagenic and toxic as well as a potent carcinogen to both humans and livestock. In this study, the degradation of $AFB_1$ by extracellular extract of Cladosporium uredinicola was examined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Within 24 h of incubation, $AFB_1$ was efficiently eliminated by the culture supernatant of C. uredinicola ($84.5{\pm}5.7%$) at $37^{\circ}C$; the elimination was proven to be enzymatic, and the enzyme was thermostable. The biotransformation products of $AFB_1$ detected by HPLC and TLC were proven to be the same compound. Analysis with LCMS showed that $AFB_1$ was bio-transformed to a structurally different compound ($m/z=365[M+Na]^+$), which is first reported. The cytotoxicity study to HeLa cells indicated that culture supernatant-treated $AFB_1$ is less toxic as compared with $AFB_1$.

SSR analysis reveals molecular variation and genetic diversity in Malus sieversii with different stress resistance levels in China

Shaoshuai Yu,Wenxia Zhao,Yanxia Yao,Wenxia Huai,Yuan Cheng,Zhongfu Zhou,Wenfa Xiao,Weiquan Qin,Wei Yan,Weiwei Song 한국원예학회 2019 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.60 No.6

Malus sieversii, a valuable crop in Xinjiang, China, is an important natural resource for researching the genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution of the genus Malus worldwide. Samples from 152 M. sieversii individuals with different symptom grades of deadwood were collected from Gongliu and Xinyuan and analysed with 21 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers, revealing molecular genetic characteristics and phylogeny of different groups and individuals. The samples showed high genetic diversity at the species level (Na = 10.76, Ne = 4.37, H = 0.73, I = 1.65, Ho = 0.71, and He = 0.73). Variation was mainly found within groups with lower genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.092) and higher gene flow (Nm = 2.67). A total of 226 alleles were obtained, of which 25 exclusive alleles were from samples with < 40% deadwood rate, and 23 exclusive alleles were from samples with > 40% deadwood rate. Specific bands relating to individuals with deadwood rate < 10% (10 exclusive alleles) or > 60% (7 exclusive alleles) were amplified with 11 pairs of SSR primers. The number of exclusive alleles from M. sieversii plants collected in Gongliu was 52 and from those collected in Xinyuan was 24. Using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic cluster analysis, the groups with different symptom grades from different sampling sites were shown to be clearly differentiated and formed several discrete subclades. Significantly, the six groups from Gongliu were further classified into two subclusters: Gongliu 1, including three groups with < 40% deadwood rate, and Gongliu 2, including three groups with > 40% deadwood rate.

β-Xylosidase and β-mannosidase in combination improved growth performance and altered microbial profiles in weanling pigs fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet

Shaoshuai Liu,Chang Ma,Ling Liu,Dong Ning,Yajing Liu,Bing Dong 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.11

Objective: In this study, two glycosidases (XMosidases), β-xylosidase and β-mannosidase, were investigated on their in vitro hydrolysis activities of feed and on the improvement of growth performance in vivo in weanling pigs. Methods: Enzyme activities of XMosidases in vitro were evaluated in test tubes and simulation of gastric and small intestinal digestion, respectively, in the presence of NSPase. In vivo study was performed in 108 weaned piglets in a 28-d treatment. Pigs were allotted to one of three dietary treatments with six replicate pens in each treatment. The three treatment groups were as follows: i) Control (basal diet); ii) CE (basal diets+CE); iii) CE-Xmosidases (basal diets+ CE+β-xylosidase at 800 U/kg and β-mannosidase at 40 U/kg). CE was complex enzymes (amylase, protease, xylanase, and mannanase). Results: In vitro XMosidases displayed significant activities on hydrolysis of corn and soybean meal in the presence of non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes (xylanase and β-mannanase). In vitro simulation of gastric and small intestinal digestion by XMosidases showed XMosidases achieved 67.89%±0.22% of dry matter digestibility and 63.12%±0.21% of energy digestibility at 40°C for 5 hrs. In weanling pigs, additional XMosidases to CE in feed improved average daily gain, feed conversion rate (p<0.05), and apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein (p = 0.01) and dry matter (p = 0.02). XMosidases also altered the gut bacterial diversity and composition by increasing the proportion of beneficial bacteria. Conclusion: Addition of a complex enzyme supplementation (contained xylanase, β-mannanase, protease and amylase), XMosidases (β-xylosidase and β-mannosidase) can further improve the growth performance and nutrient digestion of young pigs.

Effects of supplemented culture media from solid-state fermented Isaria cicadae on performance, serum biochemical parameters, serum immune indexes, antioxidant capacity and meat quality of broiler chickens

Liu, Shaoshuai,Yan, Wenjuan,Ma, Chang,Liu, Yajing,Gong, Limin,Levesque, Crystal,Dong, Bing Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.4

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate effects of supplementation of culture media from solid-state fermented Isaria cicadae (I. cicadae) on performance, serum biochemical parameters, serum immune indexes, antioxidant capacity and meat quality of broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 648 Arbor Acres male broiler chickens(1 d; average body weight, 42.93±0.47 g) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments, each with six replicates and 18 broiler chickens per replicate. Broiler chickens were fed phase I (d 1 to 21) and phase II (d 22 to 42) diets. The phase I diets were corn and soybean-meal based diets supplemented with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, or 10% culture media from solid-state fermented I. cicadae respectively. The phase II diets were corn and soybean-meal based diets supplemented with 0%, 1.33%, 2.67%, 4.00%, 5.32%, or 6.67% culture media from solid-state fermented I. cicadae respectively. Results: In phase I, the broiler chickens with the supplementation of culture media had increased body weight gain and feed intake (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) with increasing inclusion of culture media. The levels of serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased linearly (p<0.05). In phase II, levels of serum T-AOC and interleukin-1β increased linearly (p<0.05), and GSH increased (p<0.05). In the kidney, GSH and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentrations increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) and SOD concentration increased linearly (p<0.05). Compared to the control, shear force and drip loss of breast muscle decreased (linear and quadratic, p<0.05). Drip loss of leg muscle decreased linearly and quadratically (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of culture media from solid-state fermented I.cicadae which was enriched in both wheat and residual bioactive components of I. cicadae enhanced the growth performance of broiler chickens. It also improved body anti-oxidative status and contributed to improve broiler meat quality.

Temperature dependent luminescence of Dy3þ doped BaYF5 nanoparticles for optical thermometry

Zhongmin Cao,Shaoshuai Zhou,Guicheng Jiang,Yonghu Chen,Changkui Duan,Min Yin 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.8

Dy3þ doped BaYF5 nanoparticles with tetragonal structure were synthesized by hydrothermal method and solvothermal method. The structural and the luminescent properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern, TEM and photoluminescence spectra. Emission of Dy3þ originated from 4I15/2 located at 450 nm and 4F9/2 located at 478 nm, 573 nm and 660 nm were observed under excitation of 355 nm laser. Behavior of fluorescence intensity ratio with temperature increasing from room temperature to approximately 800 K was investigated. And the optimum temperature range for thermometry is obtained to be 550e800 K according to its sensitivity-temperature relation, indicating the potential application of BaYF5:Dy3þ as a luminescent temperature sensor.

Effects of xylanase supplementation to wheat-based diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut microbes in weanling pigs

Dong, Bing,Liu, Shaoshuai,Wang, Chunlin,Cao, Yunhe Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.9

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effects of an Aspergillus sulphureus xylanase expressed in Pichia pastoris on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and gut microbes in weanling pigs. Methods: A total of 180 weanling pigs (initial body weights were $8.47{\pm}1.40kg$) were assigned randomly to 5 dietary treatments. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 6 pigs per replicate. The experimental diets were wheat based with supplementation of 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 U xylanase/kg. The experiment lasted 28 days (early phase, d 0 to 14; late phase, d 15 to 28). Results: In the early phase, compared to the control, average daily gain (ADG) was higher for pigs fed diets supplemented with xylanase and there was a quadratic response in ADG (p<0.05). In the entire phase, ADG was higher for the pigs fed 1,000 or 2,000 U/kg xylanase compared to the control (p<0.05). The gain to feed ratio was higher for pigs fed diets supplemented with 1,000 or 2,000 U/kg xylanase compared to the control (p<0.05). Increasing the amount of xylanase improved the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, calcium, and phosphorus during both periods (p<0.05). Xylanase supplementation (2,000 U/kg) decreased the proportion of Lachnospiraceae (by 50%) in Firmicutes, but increased Prevotellaceae (by 175%) in Bacteroidetes and almost diminished Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia-Shigella) in Proteobacteria. Conclusion: Xylanase supplementation increased growth performance and nutrient digestibility up to 2,000 U/kg. Supplementation of xylanase (2,000 U/kg) decreased the richness of gut bacteria but diminished the growth of harmful pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia-Shigella, in the colon.

Eu3+-site occupation in CaTiO3 perovskite material at low temperature

Fengfeng Chi,Yanguang Qin,Shaoshuai Zhou,Xiantao Wei,Yonghu Chen,Changkui Duan,Min Yin 한국물리학회 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.1

In order to clarify the site occupancy of rare-earth ions in rare-earth doped perovskite materials, the undoped pure CaTiO3 and Eu3þ-doped CaTiO3 samples with a series of Ca/Ti ratio were synthesized via high-temperature solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) powder patterns confirm that the crystal structure keeps invariant at various Ca/Ti ratios. Measurement results of unit-cell parameters and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that Eu3þ ions enter into the Ca2þ site. The highresolution photoluminescence spectra of Eu3þ ions at 20 K in all samples did not witness a significant change under the excitation at different wavelength, implying that Eu3þ ions occupy only one type of site. Considering the small spectral splitting range of 5D0/7F2 transition and the large intensity ratio of 5D0 / 7F2/5D0 / 7F1, it can be concluded that Eu3þ occupies Ca2þ site with larger coordinate numbers rather than Ti4þ site.

Investigation on the application of industrial grade MgO in the alkaline peroxide bleaching of poplar CTMP

Song Han,Wei Liu,Shaoshuai Wu,Zhaoxia Long,Qingxi Hou 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1

Effects of four different kinds of industrial grade MgO as one alkali source in the alkaline peroxidebleaching of poplar chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) were investigated. The particle size andactivity of the MgO played the most important role in the improvement of optical and strengthproperties of the bleached CTMP. At a 25% substitution percentage of MgO for NaOH, a 77.4%ISObrightness and the optimal tensile index of the bleached CTMP could be obtained. When industrial gradeMgO was applied, appropriate increase in Na2SiO3 dosage and pulp consistency could improve thebrightness and strength properties of the bleached CTMP.

Collapse risk evaluation method on Bayesian network prediction model and engineering application

WANG, Jing,LI, Shucai,LI, Liping,SHI, Shaoshuai,XU, Zhenhao,LIN, Peng Techno-Press 2017 Advances in computational design Vol.2 No.2

Collapse was one of the typical common geological hazards during the construction of tunnels. The risk assessment of collapse was an effective way to ensure the safety of tunnels. We established a prediction model of collapse based on Bayesian Network. 76 large or medium collapses in China were analyzed. The variable set and range of the model were determined according to the statistics. A collapse prediction software was developed and its veracity was also evaluated. At last the software was used to predict tunnel collapses. It effectively evaded the disaster. Establishing the platform can be subsequent perfect. The platform can also be applied to the risk assessment of other tunnel engineering.