Polymicrobial and Monomicrobial Infections after Spinal Surgery: A Retrospective Study to Determine which Infection is more Severe

Shaoqiang Liu,Qiang Qi,Zhongqiang Chen,Ning Liu,Zhaoqing Guo,Chuiguo Sun,Weishi Li,Yan Zeng,Zhongjun Liu 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.3

Study Design: A retrospective clinical review. Purpose: To investigate the difference in clinical manifestations and severity between polymicrobial and monomicrobial infections after spinal surgery. Overview of Literature: Surgical site infections (SSIs) after spinal surgery are a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for spinal surgeons. Polymicrobial infections after spinal surgery seem to result in poorer outcomes than monomicrobial infections because of complementary resistance to antibiotics. However, comparison of the clinical manifestations and severity between polymicrobial and monomicrobial infections are limited. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with SSIs after spinal surgery were studied: 20 patients with polymicrobial infections and 47 with monomicrobial infections. Pathogenic bacteria identified were counted and classified. Age, sex, and body mass index were compared between the two groups to identify homogeneity. The groups were compared for clinical manifestations by surgical site, postoperative time to infection, infection site, incisional drainage, incisional swelling, incisional pain, neurological signs, temperature, white blood cell count, and the percentage of neutrophils. Finally, the groups were compared for severity by hospital stay, number of rehospitalizations, number of debridements, duration of antibiotics administration, number of antibiotics administered, and implant removal. Results: Polymicrobial infections comprised 29.9% of SSIs after spinal surgery, and most polymicrobial infections (70.0%) were caused by two species of bacteria only. There was no difference between the groups in terms of clinical manifestations and severity. In total, 96 bacterial strains were isolated from the spinal wounds: 60 strains were gram-positive and 36 were gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Escherichia coli , and Enterobacter cloacae were cultured in order of the frequency of appearance. Conclusions: Most polymicrobial infections were caused by two bacterial species after spinal surgery. There was no difference in clinical manifestations or severity between polymicrobial and monomicrobial infections.

On homogeneous square Einstein metrics

Shaoqiang Deng,Xingda Liu 대한수학회 2017 대한수학회보 Vol.54 No.3

We prove that a homogeneous square Einstein Finsler metric is either Riemannian or flat.

Generating non-jumping numbers of hypergraphs

Shaoqiang Liu,Yuejian Peng 대한수학회 2019 대한수학회보 Vol.56 No.4

The concept of jump concerns the distribution of Tur\'an densities. A number $\alpha\in[0,1)$ is a \emph{jump} for $r$ if there exists a constant $c>0$ such that if the Tur\'an density of a family $\mathscr{F}$ of $r$-uniform graphs is greater than $\alpha$, then the Tur\'an density of $\mathscr{F}$ is at least $\alpha+c$. To determine whether a number is a jump or non-jump has been a challenging problem in extremal hypergraph theory. In this paper, we give a way to generate non-jumps for hypergraphs. We show that if $\alpha,\beta$ are non-jumps for $r_1,r_2\geq2$ respectively, then $\frac{\alpha\beta(r_1+r_2)!r_1^{r_1} r_2^{r_2}}{r_1!r_2!(r_1+r_2)^{r_1+r_2}}$ is a non-jump for $r_1+r_2$. We also apply the Lagrangian method to determine the Tur\'an density of the extension of the $(r-3)$-fold enlargement of a $3$-uniform matching.

CONCURRENT MULTISCALE METHODS FOR CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS

Shaoqiang Tang 한국산업응용수학회 2006 한국산업응용수학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1 No.2

In this talk, we shall discuss three concurrent multiscale methods, namely, the bridging scale method (BSM), the pseudo-spectral multiscale method (PMM), and a finite difference approach (FDA). These methods share the same idea of a sharp domain decomposition. The first two methods adopt a time history treatment for interfacial conditions, yet with two different ways in the displacement decomposition. The finite difference approach adopts a velocity interfacial condition instead, which is local in time and hence allows treating solids with relatively strong nonlinearity and large deformation. Numerical results have demonstrated the efficiency and accuracy for these methods.

GENERATING NON-JUMPING NUMBERS OF HYPERGRAPHS

Liu, Shaoqiang,Peng, Yuejian Korean Mathematical Society 2019 대한수학회보 Vol.56 No.4

The concept of jump concerns the distribution of $Tur{\acute{a}}n$ densities. A number ${\alpha}\;{\in}\;[0,1)$ is a jump for r if there exists a constant c > 0 such that if the $Tur{\acute{a}}n$ density of a family $\mathfrak{F}$ of r-uniform graphs is greater than ${\alpha}$, then the $Tur{\acute{a}}n$ density of $\mathfrak{F}$ is at least ${\alpha}+c$. To determine whether a number is a jump or non-jump has been a challenging problem in extremal hypergraph theory. In this paper, we give a way to generate non-jumps for hypergraphs. We show that if ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ are non-jumps for $r_1$, $r_2{\geq}2$ respectively, then $\frac{{\alpha}{\beta}(r_1+r_2)!r_1^{r_1}r_2^{r_2}}{r_1!r_2!(r_1+R_2)^{r_1+r_2}}$ is a non-jump for $r_1+r_2$. We also apply the Lagrangian method to determine the $Tur{\acute{a}}n$ density of the extension of the (r - 3)-fold enlargement of a 3-uniform matching.

ON HOMOGENEOUS SQUARE EINSTEIN METRICS

Deng, Shaoqiang,Liu, Xingda Korean Mathematical Society 2017 대한수학회보 Vol.54 No.3

We prove that a homogeneous square Einstein Finsler metric is either Riemannian or flat.

Structural characterization of Eu-doped GaN by transmission electron microscopy

Jongwon Seo,Shaoqiang Chen,Junji Sawahata,Masaharu Mitome,Katsuhiro Akimoto 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2008 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.9 No.1

The structural properties of Eu-doped GaN films grown on sapphire (0001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy were studied using cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Eu concentration was estimated to be about 2at.% by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Selected area diffraction patterns of the film showed a hexagonal structure, and no other anomalous patterns such as from Eu and EuN were observed. The high resolution TEM observation of the films showed a high density of stacking faults which was hardly observed in undoped GaN, bending layers and a small portion of cubic phase. The causes of the formation of stacking faults and bending of layers are discussed. The structural properties of Eu-doped GaN films grown on sapphire (0001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy were studied using cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Eu concentration was estimated to be about 2at.% by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Selected area diffraction patterns of the film showed a hexagonal structure, and no other anomalous patterns such as from Eu and EuN were observed. The high resolution TEM observation of the films showed a high density of stacking faults which was hardly observed in undoped GaN, bending layers and a small portion of cubic phase. The causes of the formation of stacking faults and bending of layers are discussed.

Flexible air breathable electroluminescent device based on electrospinning process

Ce Li,Shaoqiang Gu,Tao Ma,Dongchan Li 대한금속·재료학회 2022 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.18 No.6

Alternative current electroluminescent device with excellent air permeability were fabricated by a facile electrospinningmethod, and the optimal fabrication conditions of the device substrate and light-emitting layer, such as voltage, acceptancedistance, concentration, and propulsion rate, were determined. The microscopic morphology, luminance and air permeabilityof the samples were explored and analyzed. The characterization results show that the flexible alternative current electroluminescentdevice fabricated by electrospinning method exhibits excellent mechanical properties and high air permeability. The device can reach 55.74 cd/m2 at a voltage of 130 V and a frequency of 3 kHz, and the air permeability can reach 5.81 g/(h·m2). It is discussed that its excellent breathability is attributed to the overall microns fabric structure. On the basis ofthese results, we believe our electrospinningac process will accelerate development of more comfortable electroluminescentdevices with the flexibility required for real-world applications.

k- DENTING POINTS AND k- SMOOTHNESS OF BANACH SPACES

Wulede, Suyalatu,Shang, Shaoqiang,Bao, Wurina The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2016 한국수학논문집 Vol.24 No.3

In this paper, the concepts of k-smoothness, k-very smoothness and k-strongly smoothness of Banach spaces are dealt with together briefly by introducing three types k-denting point regarding different topology of conjugate spaces of Banach spaces. In addition, the characterization of first type ${\omega}^*-k$ denting point is described by using the slice of closed unit ball of conjugate spaces.

Comparison of Micro- and Macro-Characteristics of Vehicular Mobility Models

Dan Shao,Guangmin Liang,Shaoqiang Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.6

Simulation methodology is preferred approach to test vehicular networking protocols and to perform overhead analysis compared to high affordability and inconvenience of the real testbed. The confidence of simulation results is greatly dependent on the adoptive mobility model, i.e. whether or not the vehicular mobility modeling could reproduce the real vehicle moving pattern and could capture the intrinsic spatial as well as temporal relationships among vehicles. From the perspective of macro- and micro-scale, this paper proposes a series of statistical characteristics to assess whether the existing mobility models reflect a regular pattern. Micro-characteristics cover individual statistics, including driving duration time, driving distance, parking duration time, and link holding time. Simulations show that diverse mobility models share similar micro-characteristics in the complementary cumulative distribution function, but still display innegligible differences in distribution curves. Macro-characteristics refer to overall correlations, such as average velocity, total driving distance, total driving time, average neighbors' degree, and average accelerating time. Results show that the investigated mobility models behave with similar phase transition, but with different critical transition points. Marco-statistics follow Poisson distribution, but with completely different average values. The work is expected to help researchers better understand simulations and design context-aware vehicular algorithms.