低開發國의 國際收支改善에 관한 小考 : 우리나라의 國際收支 改善方向을 中心으로 Centred on a Way of International Balance in Our Country

沈相珍 건국대학교 1981 論文集 Vol.13 No.1

The twice of the oil price fluctuation in 1970s has not only stagnated the world economics but also enlarged the deficit breadth of the international balance. Especially, our country that has facilitated the economical growth by leading the foreign exportation has made backdown of the economical growth to 5.7% entering into 1980 by the influence of such exportation's facilitation and hardly gotten off from the deficit of the international balance. Thus, summarizing the feints of improvement of these is as the following: a.Strong support to the agricultural field. b.Strengthening the international competition of the export items, and varying the markets. c.Decrease of dependance on the overseaes. d.Reformation of the industrial structures consuming the large energy and decrease of the coefficient of the raw material's incorporation. e.Improvement of double economical structures and execution of the more reliable economic policy. Since a lot of things to improve other than things described above, in our economics, incidental to resources, capitals poverty, stagnation, pressure of the foreign loan, depression of the oversease exportation and etc., are faced, it is desirable that the more fundamental problems shall be solved one by one, not by the temporary, emergency action.

개방대학의 조직 및 학사운영

문승식,최상도,서대진 진주산업대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

I wanted to know the organization and educational affairs of the 8 open universities in Korea and Chinju open university, and surveyed the school regulations and rules of education matters. (1) The organization of open university is composed of departments and faculties, a graduate school, auxiliary organs and educational administrative branches. Also, the open university is made up of a student council and a faculty council, and a student council is divided into a student’s meeting for the student activities and a board of representatives for decision A faculty council is delibration organization, and departments, auxiliary organs and educational administrative branches are executive organization for the school affairs. (2) The students of open university are selected out of the university selective examination, and the method of entrance into open university is various, there are the fresh, admissible, transmissible entrance and reentrance etc. The period of attendance at an undergraduate is unlimitted, but the period of temporary absence from school is two years. A school year is decided by the obtained credits, an university has the first, second and seasonal term. (3) The opening credits of the total subjects on a shcool curriculum are 110~l35% of the graduation credits(l40 units), that of the curriculum studies are drawn up 0~30% of the total opening credits. But, the opening credits of the essential subjects are formed different from an university. A student can apply the 20~21 units per a term and take 38~40 units per a school year. (4) The result of studies is estimated by the presence, reports, examination, practice and experimentation etc., that is recorded at the degree of 9 steps(A^+~D^0). A graduation examination and ceremony is enforced twice per a school year, also, the subjects of a graduation examination are English and the 4 subjects of major field. One who take 40~60% over of a subject and 60% over of total subjects is paased in a graduation examination. (5) The educational money due is decided by the applied credit units, and the student with excellent results and a labour service to be paid from a scholarship fund. But, student can't act political activities and political party's activeties, also, can't activeties in a management of educational affairs. (6) There are school regulations, educational rule, rules of student activities, management rules of auxiliary organs, rules of committe and rules of administrative branches on the educational affairs.

관류 심장과 심장 세포에서 Insulin에 의한 Mg^(2+) 유리 조절

정창우,강형섭,김진상 한국수의공중보건학회 2002 예방수의학회지 Vol.26 No.3

It is well known that β-adrenergic stimulation increases the intracelluar cAMP concentration through activation of adenylate cyclase (AC) and evokes marked Mg^(2+) release in the heart, liver, and kidney. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of insulin on isoproterenol (ISO), norepinephrine (NE), forskolin (FOS), cAMP, or dimaprit (DMP) induced Mg^(2+) efflux from the perfused rat or guinea pig heart and isolated myocytes. We hypothesized that insulin would regulate Mg^(2+) efflux induced by AC activators and cAMP analogues because insulin activates phosphodiesterase (PDE) in the hearts. The Mg^(2+) content in the perfusate was significantly higher in the presence than in the absence of insulin. The addition of ISO, NE, FOS, or cAMP to perfused rat or guinea pig heart and isolated myocytes induced a marked Mg^(2+) efflux. These effluxes were inhibited by insulin. The Mg^(2+) efflux could also be induced by DMP, a histamine H2-receptor agonist, in the perfused guinea pig heart and isolatd myocytes. This effect was also inhibited by insulin. In rat heart and myocytes, the histamine H2-receptor agonist had no effect on Mg^(2+) efflux. In conclusion, these data suggest that insulin regulates Mg^(2+) homeostasis and the inhibitory effect of insulin on adrenoceptor-stimulation or AC activation induced Mg^(2+) efflux may occur through a regulation of cAMP pathway in rat and guinea pig hearts.

기니픽에서 Magnesium의 혈관 이완과 혈압 하강 효과

김정곤,강형섭,김진상 한국수의공중보건학회 2003 예방수의학회지 Vol.27 No.2

The present study evaluated the effects of various agents on magnesium sulfate (Mg^(2+))-induced relaxation in aorta and blood pressure lowering in anesthetized guinea pigs. Mg^(2+) inhibited phenylephrine (PE)- or 40 mM KC1-induced sustained contraction of endothelium-intact (+E) guinea pig aortic rings in concentration-dependent manner. In preparations preconstricted with PE or KC1, Mg^(2+)-induced concentration-dependent relaxations. In preparations preconstricted with PE or KCl, Mg^(2+)-induced relaxations were not affected by the removal of endothelium (-E) and by the pretreatment of aortic rings with NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors (L-NAME and LNNA), guanylate cyclase inhibitors (methylene blue and ODQ, adenylate cyclase inhibitor (MDL), K^(+) channel blockers (glibenclamide and tetrabutylammonium), nifedipine or ryanodine. However, Mg^(2+)-induced relaxations were inhibited by Na^(+)-Mg^(2+) exchange inhibitor (imipramine) or removal (or attenuation) of extracellular Ca^(2+) in +E aortic rings. PE-induced contraction was not inhibited by nifedipine. In addition, Mg^(2+)-induced relaxations were inhibited by phospholipase C inhibitor (NCDC) or inositol monophosphatase inhibitor (lithium), but not by protein kinase C inhibitor (staurosporine). In vi패 infusion of Mg^(2+), directly into the femoral veins of guinea pigs, elicited sustained decrease in arterial blood pressure. The Mg^(2+)-lowered blood pressure was attenuated by intravenous administration of imipramine or lithium, but not by methylene blue, indomethacin, tetrabutylammonium nifedipine, LNNA, L-NAME or saponin (as an endothelium removal agent). These results suggest that endothelium independent vasorelaxant effect of Mg^(2+) on aortic ring appear to play important roles on the antihypertensive action in guinea pig, most likely via the inhibitory action of Mg^(2+) on the intracellular C^(2+) involve in PLC-IP pathway and influx (through the Na^(+)-Mg^(2+) exchanger) into the cell in guinea pig aorta.

Alpha₁-adrenoceptor-mediated Negative Inotropic Effect by Intracellular Ion Activities in Guinea Pig Papillary Muscle.

Shang-jin Kim,Jeong-gon Kim,Shang-woo Lee,Hyung-sub Kang,Jin-shang Kim 대한수의학회 2003 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2003 No.-

Crystal structure of the nicotinamidase/pyrazinamidase PncA from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>

Shang, Fei,Chen, Jinli,Wang, Lulu,Jin, Liming,Zou, Linhai,Bu, Tingting,Dong, Yuesheng,Ha, Nam-Chul,Nam, Ki Hyun,Quan, Chunshan,Xu, Yongbin Elsevier 2018 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.503 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The nicotinamidase/pyrazinamidase PncA is a member of a large family of hydrolase enzymes that catalyze the deamination of nicotinamide to nicotinic acid. PncA also functions as a pyrazinamidase in a wide variety of eubacteria and is an essential coenzyme in many cellular redox reactions in living systems. We report the crystal structure of substrate-free PncA from <I>Bacillus subtilis</I> (BsPncA) at 2.0 Å resolution to improve our understanding of the PncA family. The structure of BsPncA consists of an α/β domain and a subdomain. The subdomain of BsPncA has a different conformation than that of PncA enzymes from other organisms. The B-factor analysis revealed a rigid structure of the α/β domain, while the subdomain is highly flexible. Both dimers and tetramers were observed in BsPncA protein crystals, but only dimers were observed in solution. Our results provide useful information that will further enhance our understanding of the molecular functions of PncA family members.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Crystal structure of <I>B. Subtilis</I> PncA consists of an α/β domain and a subdomain. </LI> <LI> The metal-binding site of BsPncA is located at the bottom of a large cavity between the core and the subdomain. </LI> <LI> Zinc ion is pentahedrally coordinated within several highly conserved amino acid residues and one water molecule. </LI> <LI> Both dimers and tetramers were observed in BsPncA protein crystals, but only dimers were observed in solution. </LI> </UL> </P>

Offshore Investment Funds

Shang-Jin Wei,Woochan Kim 대외경제정책연구원 1999 East Asian Economic Review Vol.3 No.4

Offshore investment funds are alleged to have engaged in trading behavior that is different from their onshore counterparts because they may be subject to less supervision and regulation. In particular, they may trade more intensely. They could also pursue more aggressively certain trading strategies such as positive feedback trading or herding that could contribute to a greater volatility in the market. Using a unique data set, this chapter compares the trading behavior in the Korean stock market between offshore investment funds with their onshore counterparts registered in the US and UK. There are a number of interesting findings. First, there is indeed evidence suggesting that the offshore funds trade more intensely than their onshore counterparts. Second, however, there is no evidence that the offshore funds engage in positive feedback trading. In contrast, there is strong evidence that the funds from the U.S. and U.K. do. Third, while offshore funds do herd, they do so far less than onshore funds in the U.S. or UK. Fourth, offshore funds hold less glamour stocks (e.g. stocks with high P/E) in their portfolio than funds in the U.S. or U.K. do. Moreover, flight to glamour stocks during the in-crisis period is less evident in the case of offshore funds. In sum, offshore funds are no especially worrisome monsters.

Antidepressant Inhibits Growth of Hepatocarcinoma Cells by Altering MAPK Pathway

Shang Jin Kim,A Reum Mun,Jin Shang Kim,Hyung Sub Kang 대한수의학회 2013 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2013 No.-

A Study on the User’s Sustainable Intention of Mobile Tourism : Focused on Chinese Tourists Visiting Korea

Shang Guan-Jin Long,Uk-Yeol Park,Jong-Ho Lee 한국유통과학회 2018 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.9 No.5

Purpose - Based on preceding studies, this thesis focuses on the finding of the definition and category of mobile tourism application and deriving out its characteristics. And after looking for how they make influences on continuous intention to use, we make empirical study with TAM model. Research design, data, and methodology - There are many Chinese tourist who visit Korea with user's constant intention to use of tourism application. This study is to find out the definition and category of mobile tourism application through research of preceding study and to fomulate the research model and hypothesis that how tourism application attributes (convenience, interaction, accessibility, local basis, security) affect constant intention to use of mobile tourism application. In order to verify a hypothesis, we conducted a survey for Chinese users of tourism application. In empirical study, we analyzed a structure model for frequency analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, validity analysis through IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 and IBM SPSS AMOS 21.0 Results - Among tourism applications, convenience, interaction, accessibility and local basis have positive effects on both perceived usefulness and perceived easiness respectively. But security does not. Also perceived easiness has a positive effect on perceived usefulness. Finally, perceived usefulness and perceived easiness have positive effect on constant intent to use. Conclusions - Tourism application enterprises should put emphasis on design such as menu or function in order to simplify the operation of new services for new customers. Therefore, comfortable user interface and development of useful function can improve tourism application. Consequently, it leads to the promotion of tourism application. Also, when users perceive tourism application as a useful media which is easy, comfortable and useful content, the degree of constant intention to use becomes increased. It is important to provide plentiful and useful contents for customers and to develop user interface such as easy operation because these factors have positive effects on constant demand and use of tourism application.

pH-dependent modulation of intracellular free magnesium ions with ion- selective electrodes in papillary muscle of guinea pig

Jin-Shang Kim,Shang-Jin Kim,In-Gook Cho,강형섭 대한수의학회 2006 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.7 No.1