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Shah Zada,Saleem Raza,Sikandar Khan,Arshad Iqbal,Zhang Kai,Aftab Ahmad,Midrar Ullah,Mohib Kakar,Pengcheng Fu,Haifeng Dong,Zhang Xueji 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.105 No.-
Heavy metals and other organic pollutants are the hazardous materials causing soil and water pollution,hence, bioremediation of these components is a matter of concern for environmental biotechnologists. Twenty one microalgal and cyanobacterial strains were evaluated for removal of copper from aqueoussolutions and soil containing 10 ppm copper. 5 out of 21 strains have shown comparatively higher toleranceto copper stress. The biosorption capabilities of all the five strains were assessed using techniqueslike ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometers, scanning electron microscope (SEM), inductively coupledplasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and confocal Microscopy. It was found that the five selected strainscould grow normally upon incubating with 20 ppm of Cu. Copper removal efficiencies of these microalgae(S. obliquus, A. braunii, C. fusca, L. JSC-1 and C. saccharophila in water were 99.9, 99.3, 97, 96.7, and 96%,while for soil was 73, 75, 71, 70, 68%, respectively. A minor leakage of nucleic acid and protein weredetected with time. Furthermore, no any visible morphological changes were observed after six daysof treatment, while minor changes were noticed after 12 days in water, and severe morphological deformationsoccurred after 24 days of bioremediation in soil. Our findings reveal that the selected microalgalstrains have high potential for Cu bioremediation at certain concentration for 12 days exposure fromwater and 24 from soil.
Shahzad, A.,Wijewardhana, K. R.,Song, J. K. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.5 No.45
<P>Chen et al. suggested a skin- contact type triboelectric energy harvesting device [Chen et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5, 12361], which can give a rise to an electrostatic charge issue adversely affecting a person's physical experience. Here we show that adoption of a higher ranking triboelectric material than skin on the positive electrode and size optimisation of the two electrodes can ensure both high power generation and resolution of the electrostatic charge issue.</P>
Springer Science + Business Media 2016 MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS Vol.75 No.22
<P>Several security mechanisms have been investigated and deployed that provide protection for real time platforms. Each security mechanism is contributed to enhance the SCADA system security, but at the same time, the mechanism is limited and depended on the other protocols for the purposes of message security, and its delivery. Few researches are conducted on security for SCADA broadcasting system, but these are limited to end-to-end designs and developments. The security developments for multicasting and broadcasting systems are much complicated, time consumed and/or overloaded with the cryptography mechanisms. After conducting the detail survey, a simulation environment for SCADA water pumping system is designed in-which number of nodes is configured and well known cryptography algorithms are selected, and deployed as an inclusive development for SCADA/DNP3 broadcasting system. The inclusive security development is considered with the best performance, and with predominant weakness in mind, which are present in SCADA/DNP3 broadcasting system. However, overall communication is initiated, monitored and controlled at main controller side with the user defined human machine interface (HMI).</P>
Shahzada Qamar Hussain,Kumar Mallem,Muhammad Ali Khan,Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar,Youngseok Lee,박진주,이경수,김영국,조은철,조영현,이준신 한국전기전자재료학회 2019 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.20 No.1
Excellent surface passivation and carrier selective contact formed by the metal oxide induced junctions is required for future high efficiency silicon solar cells. Due to wide optical bandgap and high work function of molybdenum oxide (MoOx,x < 3) films envisioned as a superior hole selective layer in organic light emitting diodes and photovoltaics applications. We have studied the influence of ultrathin MoOx layer, as a hole-selective contact for high efficiency of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell. MoOx films can be deposited by atomic layer deposition, magnetron sputtering and thermal evaporation. Due to higher work function of MoOx films, a potential barrier can develop against electrons while it supports the hole carriers flow hence current density of SHJ solar cells can be enhanced. A summary of single layer and solar cell characteristics of MoOx layer for the application of carrier selective contact and dopant-free asymmetric heterocontact (DASH) solar cells is reported.
Shahzada Qamar Hussain,Sunbo Kim,Shihyun Ahn,Hyeongsik Park,Anh Huy Tuan Le,Seungho Lee,Youngseok Lee,Jae Hyeong Lee,이준신 대한금속·재료학회 2014 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.20 No.3
ITO and ITO:Zr films with various thicknesses were prepared on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. We observed a decrease in sheet resistance with increasing film thickness that in good agreement with Fuchs-Sondheimer theory. The ITO films doped with ZrO2 (~0.2 wt%) showed improvement in some of the electricaland optical properties of ITO films. The surface roughness of ITO:Zr films increased with increasingfilm thickness. ITO:Zr films with thickness of 120 nm showed highest work function of 5.13 eV, as estimatedfrom XPS data. The ITO:Zr films were employed as front electrodes in HIT solar cells; the best device performancewas found to be: Voc = 710 mV, Jsc = 34.44 mA/cm2, FF = 74.8%, η = 18.30% at a thickness of 120nm. A maximum quantum efficiency (QE) of 89% was recorded for HIT solar cells at a wavelength of700 nm for 120 nm thick ITO:Zr films.
Plasma Textured Glass Surface Morphologies for Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells-A review
Shahzada Qamar Hussain,Nagarajan Balaji,Sunbo Kim,Jayapal Raja,Shihyun Ahn,Hyeongsik Park,Anh Huy Tuan Le,강준영,Junsin YI,Aamir Razaq 한국전기전자재료학회 2016 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.17 No.2
The surface morphology of the front transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films plays a vital role in amorphous silicon thin film solar cells (a-Si TFSCs) due to their high transparency, conductivity and excellent light scattering properties. Recently, plasma textured glass surface morphologies received much attention for light trapping in a-Si TFSCs. We report various plasma textured glass surface morphologies for the high efficiency of a-Si TFSCs. Plasma textured glass surface morphologies showed high rms roughness, haze ratio with micro- and nano size surface features and are proposed for future high efficiency of a-Si TFSCs.
Effect of nano -Al2O3 addition on ion dynamics in polymer electrolytes
Shahzada Ahmad,S.A. Agnihotry 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.1
Polymer electrolytes, which hold the key of successful operation of all solid state ionic devices, have been investigated. An amorphous polymer was used to facsimile fast ion transport in the gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) and room temperature conductivity >10-3 S/cm can be attained. Further, these electrolytes were transformed into composites by dispersing inorganic particles of -Al2O3 (11 nm in size) in varying wt.%. An enhancement in the conductivity for an optimum concentration using LiClO4 as a salt can be obtained and is described in terms of free charge carrier concentration, while the other family of Lithium salts viz. LiTf, LiIm, LiBETI decreases the conductivity marginally. FTIR spectroscopy supports the observed decrease in terms of more association between fillers and salts. It has been realized that the mechanical integrity of these composites increases manifold, without affecting the conductivity, significantly. Polymer electrolytes, which hold the key of successful operation of all solid state ionic devices, have been investigated. An amorphous polymer was used to facsimile fast ion transport in the gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) and room temperature conductivity >10-3 S/cm can be attained. Further, these electrolytes were transformed into composites by dispersing inorganic particles of -Al2O3 (11 nm in size) in varying wt.%. An enhancement in the conductivity for an optimum concentration using LiClO4 as a salt can be obtained and is described in terms of free charge carrier concentration, while the other family of Lithium salts viz. LiTf, LiIm, LiBETI decreases the conductivity marginally. FTIR spectroscopy supports the observed decrease in terms of more association between fillers and salts. It has been realized that the mechanical integrity of these composites increases manifold, without affecting the conductivity, significantly.
Hussain, Shahzada Qamar,Le, Anh Huy Tuan,Mallem, Kumar,Park, Hyeongsik,Ju, Minkyu,Kim, Yongjun,Cho, Jaehyun,Park, Jinjoo,Kim, Youngkuk,Yi, Junsin Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.447 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the light scattering characteristics of multi-textured aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films with high optical transmittance, haze ratio and step coverage for amorphous silicon thin film solar cells (a-Si TFSCs). Multi-textured AZO films were deposited on inverted hemisphere textured (IHT) glass surface morphologies. Multi-textured process was used to create modulated surface morphologies with micro and nano-features useful for the light scattering in visible as well as near-infrared wavelength region. Highly transparent IHT glass surface morphologies with high haze ratio were prepared by wet chemical etching of periodic glass substrates. Total transmittance of the IHT glass substrates showed higher average values (91.38–93.40%) as compared to that of bare glass (90.94%) in the visible wavelength region due to lower reflectance. Multi-textured AZO films showed higher rms roughness 100.479 nm, optical transmittance 82.60% and haze ratio 75.09% in the visible wavelength region. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of multi-textured AZO thin films was used to study the atomic compositions and chemical binding states. Multi-textured AZO films with high transmittance and haze ratio were used as front transparent conductive oxide layers for the fabrication of a-Si TFSCs using an absorber layer thickness of 400 nm. Multi-textured AZO films deposited on the optimal textured glass surface morphologies yield the maximum performance of a-Si TFSCs as; V<SUB>oc</SUB> = 871 mV, J<SUB>sc</SUB> = 16.55 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, FF = 66.6% and η = 9.61%. An enhancement of photocurrent was noticed from 15.64 to 16.55 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> for the a-Si TFSCs deposited on as deposit AZO to optimal textured AZO films.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Micro-featured IHT glass surfaces with high transmittance, haze ratio were prepared. </LI> <LI> Multi-textured AZO films were deposited on IHT glass surface morphologies. </LI> <LI> XPS analysis of AZO films revealed Zn 2p, O 1s and C 1s as the dominating peaks. </LI> <LI> Increase in J<SUB>sc</SUB> upto 16.55 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP> was related to light scattering in vis-NIR region. </LI> <LI> We propose multi-textured AZO films for future high efficiency silicon TFSCs. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Plasma Textured Glass Surface Morphologies for Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells-A review
Hussain, Shahzada Qamar,Balaji, Nagarajan,Kim, Sunbo,Raja, ayapal,Ahn, Shihyun,Park, Hyeongsik,Le, Anh Huy Tuan,Kang, Junyoung,Yi, Junsin,Razaq, Aamir The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2016 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.17 No.2
The surface morphology of the front transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films plays a vital role in amorphous silicon thin film solar cells (a-Si TFSCs) due to their high transparency, conductivity and excellent light scattering properties. Recently, plasma textured glass surface morphologies received much attention for light trapping in a-Si TFSCs. We report various plasma textured glass surface morphologies for the high efficiency of a-Si TFSCs. Plasma textured glass surface morphologies showed high rms roughness, haze ratio with micro- and nano size surface features and are proposed for future high efficiency of a-Si TFSCs.