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Seungdon Yang(Seungdon Yang),Kangmin Lee(Kangmin Lee),Geumseok Doh(Geumseok Doh) J-INSTITUTE 2022 Regulations Vol.7 No.2
Purpose: The economic crimes targeting an unspecified majority are beyond imagination in terms of economic development and the extent of their damages incurred. Among the typical examples is the crime of unlawful fund raising. Despite the continuous crackdowns and punishments at the pan-government level, it threatens the econ-omy of the commoners. The most unlawful fund raising companies are not subject to financial supervision, yet promise to pay a fixed interest rate or high dividends several dozen times larger than the financial institutions as a bait of high returns. However, there is no source of income, and it is just a ‘Ponzi scheme’ which preserves the profits of existing investors with the investment of new investors. This is a method through which the unlawful fund raising companies guarantee the principal and interest from an unspecified number of people without au-thorization, permission, registration, or reporting. Furthermore, defrauding multi-level investment by paying re-ferral allowances or commissions when introducing sub-investors is a typical behavior of the unlawful fund rais-ing crimes. Method: This study reviews previous studies through the literature study, and examines the actual situation via the empirical studies along with theoretical review of unlawful fund raising act, which is deceived by high returns, and deceptive behavior through multi-stage investment. Results: This study based on the gravity of the crime of unlawful fund raising, the latest trends in the crime types including the impersonation of financial companies and virtual currencies are analyzed. Sanctions against those who engage in an unlawful fund raising act should be strengthened, and good traders should be protected. Conclusion: Furthermore, the gravity of punishment in the deterrence theory for the crime prevention is pre-sented as a theoretical grounds. As a measure to prevent damages, it is necessary to raise the criminal punish-ment, and introduce punitive damages and a special judicial police officer system.
내화학성 강화 플라스틱 재료개발 및 자동차 샤시계 부품적용
김석환(Seokhwan Kim),주승돈(Seungdon Zu),박수철(Soochul Park),김종명(Jongmyung Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
In order to enhance chemical resistance of plastic materials which have been used for automotive chassis parts, two material systems were studied through this research. Polyamide612(PA612) was added to Polyamide66(PA66)+GF33% which has been used for radiator end tanks as a cooling system, and Polyolefin(PO) was prepared with Polyamide 6(PA6) which has been used for fuel tiller neck pipes as a fuel delivery system to enhance chemical resistance. In order to find out the effect of the additional materials, material properties of initial condition and chemically degraded condition by CaCl₂, which is a main ingredient of deicer, were not only investigated, but durability tests for parts, which were made by the developed materials, were also conducted. The results showed that the developed materials have higher material properties in chemically degraded condition compared to the existing materials and the parts have longer durability performance than the existing parts.
Lee, Gi-Ja,Choi, Samjin,Chon, Jinmann,Yoo, Seungdon,Cho, Ilsung,Park, Hun-Kuk American Scientific Publishers 2011 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.11 No.1
<P>The Achilles tendon consists mainly of type I collagen fibers that contain collagen fibrils. When the Achilles tendon is injured, it is inflamed. The collagenase-induced model has been widely used to study tendinitis. The major advantages of atomic force microscopy (AFM) over conventional optical and electron microscopy for bio-imaging include its non-requirement of a special coating and vacuum, and its capability to perform imaging in all environments. AFM force-distance measurements have become a fundamental tool in the fields of surface chemistry, biochemistry and materials science. Therefore, the changes in the ultrastructure and adhesion force of the collagen fibrils on the Achilles tendons of rats with Achilles tendinitis were observed using AFM. The changes in the structure of the Achilles tendons were evaluated based on the diameter and D-banding of the collagen fibrils. Collagenase-induced Achilles tendinitis was induced with the injection of 30 microl crude collagenase into 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were each sacrificed on the first, second, third, fifth and seventh day after the collagenase injection. The normal and injured Achilles tendons were fixed in 4% buffered formalin and dehydrated with increasing concentrations of ethanol. AFM was performed using the non-contact mode at the resolution of 512 x 512 pixels, with a scan speed of 0.8 line/sec. The adhesion force was measured via the force-distance curve that resulted from the interactions between the AFM tip and the collagen fibril sample using the contact mode. The diameter of the collagen fibrils in the Achilles tendons significantly decreased (p < 0.05) after the collagenase injection, and the pattern of the D-banding of the collagen fibrils was similar to that of the diameter changes. The adhesion force decreased until the fifth day after the collagenase injection, but increased on the seventh day after the collagenase injection (p < 0.0001).</P>
Roh, Eunjung,Park, Tae-Ho,Kim, Myung-il,Lee, Seungdon,Ryu, Sangryeol,Oh, Chang-Sik,Rhee, Sangkee,Kim, Doo-Ho,Park, Beom-Seok,Heu, Sunggi American Society for Microbiology 2010 Applied and environmental microbiology Vol.76 No.22
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Two different bacteriocins, carotovoricin and carocin S1, had been found in <I>Pectobacterium carotovorum</I> subsp. <I>carotovorum</I>, which causes soft-rot disease in diverse plants. Previously, we reported that the particular strain Pcc21, producing only one high-molecular-weight bacteriocin, carried a new antibacterial activity against the indicator strain Pcc3. Here, we report that this new antibacterial activity is due to a new bacteriocin produced by strain Pcc21 and named carocin D. Carocin D is encoded by the <I>caro</I>DK gene located in the genomic DNA together with the <I>caro</I>DI gene, which seems to encode an immunity protein. N-terminal amino acid sequences of purified carocin D were determined by Edman degradation. In comparison with the primary translation product of <I>caro</I>DK, it was found that 8 amino acids are missing at the N terminus. This finding proved that carocin D is synthesized as a precursor peptide and that 8 amino acids are removed from its N terminus during maturation. Carocin D has two putative translocation domains; the N-terminal and C-terminal domains are homologous to those of <I>Escherichia coli</I> colicin E3 and <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> S-type pyocin, respectively. When <I>caro</I>DK and <I>caro</I>DI genes were transformed into carocin D-sensitive bacteria such as Pcc3, the bacteria became resistant to this bacteriocin. Carocin D has one putative DNase domain at the extreme C terminus and showed DNase activity <I>in vitro</I>. This bacteriocin had slight tolerance to heat but not to proteases. The <I>caro</I>DK gene was present in only 5 of 54 strains of <I>P. carotovorum</I> subsp. <I>carotovorum</I>. These results indicate that carocin D is a third bacteriocin found in <I>P. carotovorum</I> subsp. <I>carotovorum</I>, and this bacteriocin can be readily expressed in carocin D-sensitive nonpathogenic bacteria, which may have high potential as a biological control agent in the field.</P>
Cho, Heejung,Song, Eun-Sung,Lee, Young Kee,Lee, Seungdon,Lee, Seon-Woo,Jo, Ara,Lee, Byoung-Moo,Kim, Jeong-Gu,Hwang, Ingyu The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.1
The Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) can be divided into four phylotypes, and includes phenotypically diverse bacterial strains that cause bacterial wilt on various host plants. This study used 93 RSSC isolates responsible for potato bacterial wilt in Korea, and investigated their phylogenetic relatedness based on the analysis of phylotype, biovar, and host range. Of the 93 isolates, twenty-two were identified as biovar 2, eight as biovar 3, and sixty-three as biovar 4. Applied to the phylotype scheme, biovar 3 and 4 isolates belonged to phylotype I, and biovar 2 isolates belonged to phylotype IV. This classification was consistent with phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA and egl gene sequences, in which biovar 3 and 4 isolates clustered to phylotype I, and biovar 2 isolates clustered to phylotype IV. Korean biovar 2 isolates were distinct from biovar 3 and 4 isolates pathologically as well as genetically - all biovar 2 isolates were nonpathogenic to peppers. Additionally, in host-determining assays, we found uncommon strains among biovar 2 of phylotype IV, which were the tomato-nonpathogenic strains. Since tomatoes are known to be highly susceptible to RSSC, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report of tomato-nonpathogenic potato strains. These results imply the potential prevalence of greater RSSC diversity in terms of host range than would be predicted based on phylogenetic analysis.
Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages specific for<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>
Hwang, Sunyoung,Yun, Jiae,Kim, Kwang-Pyo,Heu, Sunggi,Lee, Seungdon,Ryu, Sangryeol Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2009 Microbiology and immunology Vol.53 No.10
<P>Human infection by Campylobacter jejuni is mainly through the consumption of contaminated poultry products, which results in gastroenteritis and, rarely, bacteremia and polyneuropathies. In this study, six C. jejuni-specific bacteriophages (CPS1-6) were isolated by the spot-on-the-lawn technique from chicken samples in Korea and characterized for potential use as biocontrol agents. All isolated bacteriophages exhibited a high specificity, being able to lyse only C. jejuni, but not other Gram-negative bacteria, including C. coli, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Gram-positive bacteria. Bacteriophages contain an icosahedral head and a contractile tail sheath in transmission electron microscopy, and possess ds-DNA with an average genome size of approximately 145 kb; therefore, all bacteriophages are categorized into the Myoviridae family. Bacterial lysis studies in liquid media revealed that CPS2 could be used to control the growth of C. jejuni.</P>