Characteristics of total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations in an industrial complex in South Korea: impacts from local sources

Seo, Yong-Seok,Jeong, Seung-Pyo,Holsen, Thomas M.,Han, Young-Ji,Choi, Eunhwa,Park, Eun Ha,Kim, Tae Young,Eum, Hee-Sang,Park, Dae Gun,Kim, Eunhye,Kim, Soontae,Kim, Jeong-Hun,Choi, Jaewon,Yi, Seung-Muk Copernicus GmbH 2016 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.16 No.15

<P>Abstract. Total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations were measured every 5 min in Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, during summer (17-23 August 2012), fall (9-17 October 2012), winter (22-29 January 2013), and spring (26 March-3 April 2013) to (1) characterize the hourly and seasonal variations of atmospheric TGM concentrations; (2) identify the relationships between TGM and co-pollutants; and (3) identify likely source directions and locations of TGM using the conditional probability function (CPF), conditional bivariate probability function (CBPF) and total potential source contribution function (TPSCF). The TGM concentration was statistically significantly highest in fall (6.7 ± 6.4 ng m−3), followed by spring (4.8 ± 4.0 ng m−3), winter (4.5 ± 3.2 ng m−3) and summer (3.8 ± 3.9 ng m−3). There was a weak but statistically significant negative correlation between the TGM concentration and ambient air temperature (r = −0.08, p<0.05). Although the daytime temperature (14.7 ± 10.0 °C) was statistically significantly higher than that in the nighttime (13.0 ± 9.8 °C) (p<0.05), the daytime TGM concentration (5.3 ± 4.7 ng m−3) was statistically significantly higher than that in the nighttime (4.7 ± 4.7 ng m−3) (p<0.01), possibly due to local emissions related to industrial activities and activation of local surface emission sources. The observed ΔTGM ∕ ΔCO was significantly lower than that of Asian long-range transport, but similar to that of local sources in Korea and in US industrial events, suggesting that local sources are more important than those of long-range transport. CPF, CBPF and TPSCF indicated that the main sources of TGM were iron and manufacturing facilities, the hazardous waste incinerators and the coastal areas. </P>

Interactive effect of indole-3-acetic acid and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate on the growth and fatty acid content of some microalgae for biodiesel production

Salama, El-Sayed,Jeon, Byong-Hun,Chang, Soon Woong,Lee, Sang-hun,Roh, Hyun-Seog,Yang, Il-Seung,Kurade, Mayur B.,El-Dalatony, Marwa M.,Kim, Do-Hyeon,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Kim, Sunjoon Elsevier 2017 Journal of cleaner production Vol.168 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Enhancement of microalgal growth and fatty acid production is essential for development of a microalgae-based biodiesel production platform. Three different microalgal species (<I>Scenedesmus obliquus</I> GU732418, <I>Ourococcus multisporus</I> GU732424 and <I>Chlorella vulgaris</I> FR751187) were individually cultivated in media containing both indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DAH) at concentrations of 10<SUP>−8</SUP>−10<SUP>−4</SUP> M. Combined phytohormones (10<SUP>−8</SUP> to 10<SUP>−5</SUP> M) increased the growth of all three species compared to growth in media without phytohormones. IAA and DAH supported the maximum growth of <I>S</I>. <I>obliquusi</I> (38.12 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> cells mL<SUP>−1</SUP>) at 10<SUP>−8</SUP> M, <I>O</I>. <I>multisporus</I> (85.89 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> cells mL<SUP>−1</SUP>) at 10<SUP>−6</SUP> M, and <I>C. vulgaris</I> (4.09 × 10<SUP>6</SUP> cells mL<SUP>−1</SUP>) at 10<SUP>−5</SUP> M. Addition of 10<SUP>−7</SUP> M IAA and DAH also assisted the removal of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> (97%), K<SUP>+</SUP> (88%) and Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> (99%) from the media by <I>S</I>. <I>obliquus</I>. The highest removal of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>, K<SUP>+</SUP>, and Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> by <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I> was achieved at 10<SUP>−5</SUP> M IAA and DAH. Under all experimental conditions (10<SUP>−8</SUP>−10<SUP>−4</SUP> M IAA and DAH) the amounts of poly-unsaturated fatty acids were significantly increased. Palmitic acid, linoleic acid and γ-linolenic acid were the major fatty acids, accounting for 11.75–21.55%, 2.55–6.73%, and 52.93–75.89% of the total fatty acid content, respectively. The fatty acids that accumulated in <I>O</I>. <I>multisporus</I> and <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I> were found to be suitable for production of high quality biodiesel with characteristics equivalent to crop seed oil-derived biodiesel.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> IAA and DAH in the range of 10<SUP>−8</SUP>−10<SUP>−5</SUP> M enhanced the growth of algae. </LI> <LI> PUFAs was increased by growth in medium containing both IAA and DAH. </LI> <LI> Accumulated fatty acids in algae are suitable for production of high quality biodiesel. </LI> </UL> </P>

위험인자가 없는 여성에서 발생한 예측하기 어려운 병합임신 1예

이승필,조향정,최덕화 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2005 圓光醫科學 Vol.20 No.2

Dynamics of Physico-Chemical Environment and Production Processes of the Phytoplankton Community in the Jido Pond Ecosystem : Ⅲ. Primary Productivity and Nutrient Cycling of the Phytoplankton Community Ⅲ. 植物性플랭크톤群集의 生産性과 物質循環

Song, Seung-Dal,Huque, M.Anwarul 慶北大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

人工池인 地圖池生態系에 대하여 1979年 4月부터 1980年 3月까지 一次生産者인 植物性플랭크톤 群集은 chlorophyll 現在量에 있어서 0.043~0.385g/㎥의 範圍에서 變化를 보였고, algal counts와는 높은 相關關係(r=0.850^*)를 나타내었다. 또한 光合成率 및 呼吸率의 變化는 각각 0.36~4.50와 0.10~1.40 O_2 mg/l/hr 의 範圍였고, 同化量은 0.6~3.8C mg/mg Chl/hr로서 pH(r=0.594^*) 및 Cl^-(r=0.655^*)와 높은 相關을 보였다. 月別의 一次生産性은 23.9~305.1 C g/㎡의 範圍였으면 月別太陽에너지 이용효율은 0.31~7.80%, 年平均 2.44%에 達하였다. 群集의 純生産性은 chlorophyll 量(r=0.813^**), NH_4-N(r= -0.650^*), pH(r=0.720^*) 및 algal counts(r=0.783)와 높은 相關을 보였다. 多重回歸分析結果는 algal counts, temp, pH 및 PO_4-P간(F=8.688, P>0.01); chlorophyll, algal counts, 광합성유효일사량 및 PO_4-P간 (F=14.343, P>0.01), 그리고 純生産量, 水溫, PO_4-P 및 chlorophyll 간(F=4.533, P>0.05)에 높은 有意性의 相關關係를 보였다.

Primary Productivity and Matter Economy of a Zea mays L. "Bok gyo" Population : Ⅰ. Growth Analysis and Primary Productivity (With 1 Table and 9 Figures) Ⅰ. 生長解析 및 一次生産性 分析

Huque, M. Anwarul,Song, Seung-Dal 慶北大學校 새마을硏究所 1980 農村과 科學 Vol.3 No.-

自然狀態의 圃場條件에 있어서 옥수수個體群의 生育過程에 따른 生長解析과 生産構造의 變遷을 活用하여 乾物量, 窒素 및 燐의 動態를 究明하며 太陽에너지 利用效率 및 物質經濟의 效率을 向上시킬수 있는 基礎資料를 얻었다. 生育期間中 個體群의 最大 草長, 葉面積指數 및 現存量은 各各 180cm, 4.8 및 1,754g DM/㎡였으며, 最大의 相對生長率, 純同化率 및 群落生長速度는 各各 0.157%/day, 0,122g DM/d㎡/day, 및 51.23g DM/㎡/day였다. 生育期間中 總乾物 生産量은 2,233gDM/㎡/年 으로서 葉 15.5%, 莖 33.9% 및 種實에 37%의 分配律을 보였다. 그리고 葉面積指數, 純同化率 및 群落生長速度는 平均溫度 및 相對濕度와 正의 相關을 보였으며, 日射量 및 降雨量에 대해서는 負의 相關을 보였다. 한편 相對生長率과 葉面積比는 이와 반대의 相關을 보였다. 乾物量의 平均現存量에 대한 最大 流入量은 163.2%/月이었으며, 太陽에너지의 最大利用效率은 8.33%이였고, 平均利用效率은 2.97%로서 他 植物에 比해서 큰 값이었다. The maxima of dry matter standing crop, plant height, and LAI were 1754gDM/㎡, 180cm, and 4.8, respectively. The dependence of DM accumulation on the sum of air temperature was evidently well approximated at an exponential relation. The LAI uninterruptedly increased to the maximum of 4.8 in July. While NAR increased gradually to the maximum of 0.122gDM/d㎡/day in early July. CGR was directly proportional to LAI, the maximum of 51.23g/m^2/day appearing before LAI reached its maximum. RGR steadily attained and maintained a maximum of 0.157% in June, then rapidly declined before CGR and NAR reached their maxima. LAI, NAR and CGR appeared to be correlated positively with the in mean air temperature and relative humidity, and negatively with daily solar radiation and precipitation, while LAR and RGR showed reverse relationship. But again these were independent of the maxima of climatic factors after they achieved their respective maxima. Net DM production was 2233gDM/㎡/year^*, whose annual^* distribution ratios were, 15.5% to leaves, 33.9% to stems, 13.5% to roots, and 37.0% to reproductive organs. The maximum ^rin of 163.2%/month appeared in June, while the ^rout had a delayed appearance in late June. And the trend of ^rin appeared to be correlated with that of RGR. The overall Eu was 2.97% and the highest Eu of 8.33%, might partly be attributed to the geometeorological characteristics of the experimental field.

Dynamics of Physico-Chemical Environment and Production Processes of the Phytoplankton Community in the Jido Pond Ecosystem. : Ⅰ. Physico-Chemical Dynamics of water and Bottom Mud Ⅰ. 水系와 底泥土의 物理化學政動態

Song, Seung-Dal,Huque, M. Anwarul 慶北大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

人工池인 地圖池生態系에 대하여 1979年 4月부터 1980年 3月까지 月別의 水溫 pH, Cl^-, Mg^++, alkalinity, detergent, SiO_2-Si, PO_4-P, NO_3-N, NO_2-N, NH_4-N, BOD, COD, DO, OM 및 OC 등의 物理化學的 水質環境의 動態를 分析하였다. 地圖池의 水溫과 pH의 季節的變化의 範圍는 3∼28℃와 7.0∼9.4였고, Cl^-, Mg^++, alkalinity 및 detergent 의 범위는 각각 24.0∼52.5, 8.3∼43.5, 35.0∼82.0 및 1.3∼10.0ppm였으며, SiO_2-Si, PO_4-P, NH_4-N, NO_2-N 및 NO_3-N의 범위는 각각 5.00∼31.00, 0.50∼0.66, 0.14∼3.50, 0.03∼0.21 및 0.03∼1.25ppm이였다. 그리고 BOD, COD 및 DO의 범위는 각각 3.7∼17.8, 3.7∼46.8 및 8.0∼25.5 ppm O_2였다. 底泥土(mud)의 OM와 OC 含量은 각각 5.9∼27.3%와 2.4∼7.2%의 범위에서 變化하였고, Mg^++, PO_4-P, NH_4-N, NO_2-N 및 NO_3-N의 범위는 각각 7.5∼39.0, 0.5∼1.6, 0.3∼19.0, 0.03∼1.04 및 0.006∼0.563 ppm 였으며 總室素含量은 0.15∼0.31%의 범위에서 季節的인 變化를 보였다.

Primary Productivity and Matter Economy of a Red Bean Plant Population Ⅱ. Phosphorus Dyamics in Relation to Dry Matter Prduction

Song, Seung-Dal,Huque, M. Anwarul 慶北大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

1年生 콩과 植物인 팥個體群의 實驗群落(12개체/㎡)을 形成하여 生育期間中 2週間隙으로 層別刈取法에 의해 生産構造의 發達科程을 추적하여, 燐의 動態 卽 群落의 回收率, 同化率, 回轉率, 需要供給量 및 燐利用效率을 分析하였다. 個體群의 燐最大現在量은 8月에 2.01gP/㎡엿고, 月最大回轉率은 6月에 176%였다. 燐의 吸收率(最大値, 4.93mgP/gdw·day) 및 吸收效率(最大値, 0.057)은 群落의 相對生長率, 葉生長率 및 純同化率의 變化와 一致하였다. 生育期間中 燐의 總同化率과 月最大同化率은 각각 2.81gP/㎡/yr와 1.19gP/㎡(6月)이었다. 群落發達에 따라 莖(最大値 0.25%), 種實(最大値 0.40%), 根(最大値 0.45%) 및 根粒(最大値 2.11%)에 대한 燐의 總需要量은 葉 35.3%, 莖 23.6%, 種實 37.8%, 根 3.1% 및 根粒 0.2%였고, 이는 土壤으로부터의 吸收率 76.7%와 個體內 轉流率 23.3%로 供給되었다. 燐利用指數의 最大値는 5月末에 1084를 보였다. Phosphorus dynamics in terms of specific absorption rate, inflow and outflow rates, demand and supply, and utility index of a red bean, Phaseolus angularis W. F. Wight population, were evaluated using an analysis of successive production structures. The analysis was adopted for measuring quantitative changes in the population applying stratified clip technique fortnightly through the growing season. The seasonal trends of specific absorption rate(4.93 mgP/g r DM/day in maximum)and specific absorption efficiency(0.057 in maximum) very closely corresponded with those of RGR, LAR, and NAR of this population; and also that of phosphorus level in the soil. The overall inflow and outflow of phosphorus was 2.81 gP/㎡/year, attaining a maximum inflow of 1.19 gP/㎡/month in late July. While the maximum phosphorus standing crop was 2.01 gP/㎡ in mid-August showing a maximum turnover rate of 176 in early June. The accumulation of phosphorus with age declined monotonically in nodules, roots, stems, and fruits; but increased in foliage. The % phosphorus ranges in nodules, roots, stems, fruits, and foliage were 2.11-0.13, 0.45-0.03, 0.25-0.03, 1.01-0.40, and 0.33-0.09, respectively. The proportions of the total annual demand were 35.3% to leaves, 23.6% to stems, 3.1% to roots, 0.2% to nodules, and 37.8% to fruits. These demands were met with internal(23.3%) and external(76.7%) supplies. The seasonal highest PUI was 1084 in late May.

DNA 증거의 집단유전학적 분석을 위한 SAS시스템

이효정,이혜승,한길로,이재원,황적준 大韓法醫學會 2000 대한법의학회지 Vol.24 No.1

DNA analysis has become one of the most powerful tools in forensic inference for human identification and is now used worldwide. It is used to be statistical technique for the individual identification of a civil and criminal action. The purpose of this article is computerization of the statistical technique for the population study and DNA evidence analysis. The system using SAS/AF and SAS/SCL is the graphic user interface and the correspondence of the changed experimental circumstances

전층각막이식수술 후 10년 경과 관찰

이승재,조은영,김만수.Seung Jae Lee. M.D.. Eun Young Cho. M.D.. Man Soo Kim. M.D. 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.7

Purpose: To evaluate clinical outcomes 10 years after penetrating keratoplasty. Methods: We analyzed 69 eyes of 68 patients who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty by one surgeon between 1994 and 1995. We evaluated long-term outcome of corneal graft and follow-up rates for 10 years after surgery. Slitlamp biomicroscopy was performed to assess the condition of grafts. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, central corneal thickness, and endothelial cell count were measured if the patient visited the clinic. The patients who did not visit the clinic were asked to subjectively assess visual acuity and gross corneal clarity to gauge the condition of the graft cornea by telephone survey. Results: The mean age was 42.5 years and the sex distribution of recipients was predominantly male (M:F=48:20). At 10 years after surgery, 28 grafts were clear, 28 grafts were known to have failed, and the status of 13 grafts remained unknown. The highest survival rate was noted in keratoconus, and the major preoperative diseases of graft failure were bullous keratopathy and infectious keratitis. Fifty percent of patients attended all follow-up visits over the 10 years. Conclusions: The graft survival rate at 10 years after keratoplasty was 50%.

Non-cytotoxic Antifungal Agents: Isolation and Structures of Gageopeptides A–D from a <i>Bacillus</i> Strain 109GGC020

Tareq, Fakir Shahidullah,Lee, Min Ah,Lee, Hyi-Seung,Lee, Yeon-Ju,Lee, Jong Seok,Hasan, Choudhury M.,Islam, Md. Tofazzal,Shin, Hee Jae American Chemical Society 2014 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.62 No.24

<P>Antifungal resistance and toxicity problems of conventional fungicides highlighted the requirement of search for new safe antifungal agents. To comply with the requirement, we discovered four new non-cytotoxic lipopeptides, gageopeptides A–D, <B>1–4,</B> from a marine-derived bacterium <I>Bacillus subtilis</I>. The structures and stereochemistry of gageopeptides were determined by NMR data analysis and chemical means. Gageopeptides exhibited significant antifungal activities against pathogenic fungi <I>Rhizoctonia solani</I>, <I>Botrytis cinerea</I>, and <I>Colletotrichum acutatum</I> with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.02–0.06 μM. In addition, these lipopeptides showed significant motility inhibition and lytic activities against zoospores of the late blight pathogen <I>Phytophthora capsici</I>. These compounds also showed potent antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria with MIC values of 0.04–0.08 μM. However, gageopeptides A–D did not exhibit any cytotoxicity (GI<SUB>50</SUB> > 25 μM) against cancer cell lines in sulforhodamine B (SRB), 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and WST-1 ((4-[3–4-iodophenyl]-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2<I>H</I>-5-tetrazolio)-1,3-benzene disulfonate)) assays, demonstrating that these compounds could be promising candidates for the development of non-cytotoxic antifungal agents.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2014/jafcau.2014.62.issue-24/jf502436r/production/images/medium/jf-2014-02436r_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jf502436r'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>