Anti‑inflammatory effect of Rosa laevigata extract on in vitro and in vivo model of allergic asthma via the suppression of IgE and related cytokines

Seung‑Hyeon Lee,Seung‑Han Choi,In‑Seung Lee,Yumi Kim,Eun‑Jin An,Hyeung‑Jin Jang 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.2

Backgrounds Exposure to a toxic stress environment leads to excessive inflammatory reactions and induces allergic asthma resulting in airway hyper-responsiveness. We investigated whether Rosa laevigata Michx. (RL) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects related allergic asthma in both an in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods To investigate the preventive effect of RL, A549 cells were pretreated with non-toxic doses of RL (500, 1000 μg/ mL) and induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/mL). First, we evaluated cytotoxicity via a MTT assay. The inhibitory effects of NF-κB activity and COX-2 expression were confirmed by a western blot assay. In the in vivo study, BALB/c mice were challenged with regard to ovalbumin via an intraperitoneal injection of RL (50, 100 mg/kg) and were killed to collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissues and blood serum. The number of inflammatory cells, the secretion of IgE and related cytokines were monitored by ELISA and multiplex assays. Results RL significantly suppressed NF-κB activity and COX-2 expression levels in EGF-induced A549 cells. In a chronic inflammation mice model, pretreatment of RL attenuated allergic airway inflammation by reducing inflammatory cells, the secretion of IgE and related cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions The results of this study present the possibility of RL as a therapeutic agent for allergic asthma patients via the suppression of IgE and related cytokines.

Ownership Structure of Northeast Asian Countries

Seung Rok Park,Peter Drysdale,Shin Il Kang,In kie Hong 한국경제연구원 2004 한국경제연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2004-02 No.-

1 In the first paper “Determinants of Corporate Ownership Structure and their effects on Corporate Governance in South Korea” by Shin-Il Kang, Korea’s unique characteristics, specifically the ownership structure and corporate governance are examined. The author takes a broad perspective by incorporating corporate culture, business leadership, and ownership structure in Korean corporation. Furthermore, he discusses the substitutability of Korean specific features given the rapidly changing economic environment. Under the Korea’s Chaebol structure, controlling shareholders, who are the real owner of firms, have exercised ownership rights while having a large proportion of shares aided by cross shareholdings. This has been possible through the pyramid ownership control structure as well as cross-shareholding among subsidiaries. Market circumstances related to management costs are not favorable to the firm with a dispersed ownership structure. In Korea, that’s the reason why ownership is concentrated. Given such a structure, the owners minimize costs related to management’s risks. Furthermore it proposes that leadership(firm culture) and ownership are substitutes. Concentrated ownership is needed when the leadership is not mature like Korean Chaebol. 2 The second paper “Issues in Japanese Corporate Governance” by Peter Drysdale examines some of the major issues of Japanese corporate governance today. The role of that main bank in corporate governance and inter corporate shareholding has been well documented. Although Japanese banks have rigorously monitored firms and have had an enormous influence on firms’ decisions and strategies through the owning of shares, firm performance under such a main bank system has not always been positive. Opposing views and their rationale regarding the pessimism behind the performance of firms in the main bank system are also explained in this paper. 3 The paper “Corporate Governance in China” by In Kie Hong discusses the current status and the restructuring efforts of China’s corporate governance. In China, state shareholders possess strong control rights over listed companies allowing them to exercise control even beyond their proportion of shareholding. Various governmental organizations(under the Communist Party) acting as representatives of the state as shareholders have influenced firms enormously, particularly regarding matters of organizing the board of directors as well as electing management. However since they have little incentives to manage state(national) assets and have insufficient capacity to monitor a large number of firms of which they are in charge, the principal-agent problem tends to prevail, which adds to the difficulties in preserving the value of state assets as well. 4 The last paper “Ownership Concentration and Corporate Performances in the Northeast Asian Countries” by Seung-Rok Park compares the relationship between corporate governance structure and corporate performance in Korea, Japan, and China by empirically examining the accounting corporate performances and technical efficiency measures. In the case of Korea, ownership concentration was shown to have positively affected all corporate accounting performance variables such as profit margin, return on shareholders’ funds, return on total assets, and return on capital employed. Furthermore, it was also found that ownership concentration positively affected corporate performance by helping improve the technical efficiency of firms. Unlike Korea, in Japan, there was no sign of a positive effect of ownership concentration on the accounting corporate performance and technical efficiency. Moreover, in the case of China, ownership concentration positively affected profit margin and return on total assets, while no positive effects of ownership concentration were found on return on capital employed and return on shareholders’ funds. It is shown in this study that the difference in the rel

Temporal trends and in-hospital outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in nonagenarians with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

( Joon Young Kim ),( Myung Ho Jeong ),( Yong Woo Choi ),( Yong Keun Ahn ),( Shung Chull Chae ),( Seung Ho Hur ),( Taek Jong Hong ),( Young Jo Kim ),( In Whan Seong ),( In Ho Chae ),( Myeong Chan Cho ) 대한내과학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.30 No.6

Background/Aims: Data regarding the outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in nonagenarians are very limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the temporal trends and in-hospital outcomes of primary PCI in nonagenarian STEMI patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) from November 2005 to January 2008, and from the Korea Working Group on Myocardial Infarction (KorMI) from February 2008 to May 2010. Results: During this period, the proportion of nonagenarians among STEMI patients more than doubled (0.59% in KAMIR vs. 1.35% in KorMI), and the rate of use of primary PCI also increased (from 62.5% in KAMIR to 81.0% in KorMI). We identified 84 eligible study patients for which the overall in-hospital mortality rate was 21.4% (25.0% in KAMIR vs. 20.3% in KorMI, p = 0.919). Multivariate analysis identified two independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, namely a final Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow < 3 (odds ratio [OR], 13.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2 to 59.0; p < 0.001) and cardiogenic shock during hospitalization (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 1.5 to 30.3; p = 0.013). Conclusions: The number of nonagenarian STEMI patients who have undergone primary PCI has increased. Although a final TIMI flow < 3 and cardiogenic shock are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, primary PCI can be performed with a high success rate and an acceptable in-hospital mortality rate.

비만증 환자에서 한약제에 의한 체중 감소효과

Oh, Seung-Joon,Jeong, In-Kyung,Kim, Young-Seol,Choi, Young-Kil,Paeng, Jeong-Ryung,Bae, Jung-Hwan,Shin, Hyun-Dae 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Seung-Joon Oh, In-Kyung Jeong, Young-Seol Kim, Young-Kil Choi, Jeong-Ryung Paeng¹, Jung-Hwan Bae and Hyun-Dae Shin²Department of internal Medicine, College Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute¹. Department of Rehabilitation, College of Oriental Medicine², Seoul, korea. Bady Fat Reduction Effects of Red Ginseng Compound Preparation on the Patients with Obesity. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 244-254, 1999.-Obesity can be defined as a metabolic disease due to an increased state of fat tissues caused by an imbalance of calorie intake and use. Recently, in Korea by improvement and westernization of food intake, along with decrease in exercise activities, the prevalence of obesity has increased greatly. Our objectives were to study stability and effects of decrease in body fat by administering red ginseng compound preparation (known to have body fat decreasing effects in laboratory animals) to obesity patients on low calorie diets. Changes in weight and body fat were measured while carrying out calorie-restricted diets on patients for 4 weeks, then administering red ginseng compound preparation for another 4 weeks. The patients were 20 people whose BMI were 25kg/㎡ or over and whose percent body fat was also 30% or over when tested by bioelectrical conductivity. 1. Changes in weight were from 70.04kg(base line) to 67.43kg(after taking red ginseng compound preparation). 2. In similar sense, BMI decreased from 27.12kg/㎡(base line) to 26.56kg/㎡(after dieting), and further to 26.01kg/㎡ (after taking red ginseng compound preparation). The BMI seemed to decrease significantly compared to the baseline after the use of red ginseng compound. 3. Waist hip ratio was changed from 0.8858(base line) to 0.8728, but it was statistically insignificant. 4. The percent body fat was 35,16%(base line), 33.87%(after dieting), and 31.68%(after taking red ginseng compound preparation). 5. Complete blood cell count and blood chemisrty remained unaffected by the administration. 6. In concern to endocrinologic studies, T3 decreased from 118.7 to 98.2ng/dL, and T4 increased from 8.8 to 9.2㎕/ dL. Epinephrine showed a tendency to decreased from 0.27 to 0.25 ng/mL, and norepinephrine increased from 0.39 to 0.44ng/mL. 7. Leptin was not changed. 8. Some patients complained adverse effects; constipation(5 patients, may be due to diet therapy), fatigue (2 patients), pruritus(2 patients), flushing(s patients), dizziness(3 patients) and epigastric discomfort(2 patients). However their symptoms were mild, so medication did not stopped. In conclusion, loss of weight without significant side effects was observed during low calorie diet and red ginseng compound preparation administration. This is thought to be in relation to sympathetic nerve system rather than adrenal gland. Also, further long0term studies should be required, since the observed results were based on short-term changes in weight.

이스라엘잉어 장관 수축에 관여하는 약물수용체에 관한 연구

윤효인,한경호,박승춘,조준형,오태광,Yun, Hyo-in,Han, Kyong-oh,Park, Seung-chun,Cho, Joon-hyoung,Oh, Tae-kwang 대한수의학회 1994 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.34 No.3

In order to elucidate the characterization of receptors involved in inestinal motility of Israeli carp, spontaneously contracting Israeli carp intestinal preperations were prepared and mounted in the organ chambers for contraction traicings using a polygraph. Various contractile agonists were treated and their dose-response curves were constructed. $EC_{50}$ values$(pD_2)$ of each agonist on specific receptors, $pA_2$ values of competitive antagonists against some agonists, and $K_1$, values of noncompetitive antagonists against some agonists were analyzed for characterization of receptors related with the intestinal contraction. Results obtained through the experiments were summarized as follows: 1. Acetylcholine(ACh) exhibited biphasic dose-response curves: initial ACh-induced dose dependent contractions were observed in pM levels but followed by decreased response in in-between concentration levels. Dose dependent contractions reappeared in ${\mu}M$ level. The peaks in pM and ${\mu}M$ levels appeared in $10^{-13}M$ and $3{\times}10^{-5}M$, respectvely. 2. Carbachol(CaCh) exhibited dose dependent contractions from $10^{-9}M$ to $10^{-5}M$, and its $pD_2$ values were higher than those of ACh($5.60{\pm}0.11$). ACh and CaCh exhibited equiactive contractions. Nicotine had no effects on contractile responses of Israeli carp intestine. 3. ACh-induced responses were inhibited by atropine($K_1:7{\times}10^{-8}M$), a muscarinic antagonist, in a non-competitive manner. But CaCh-induced responses were inhibited by both antimuscarinic atropine($pA_2:9.52{\pm}0.14$) and selective $M_2$ antagonistic 4-DAMP($pA_2:8.16{\pm}0.09$), in competitive manners. Nicotine receptor antagonistic decamethonium and hexamethonium had no effects on ACh-and CaCh-induced contractions. Therefore, the cholinergic receptor related to intestinal motility of Israeli carp was assumed as $M_2$ type. 4. In Israeli carp intestine, 5-HT (serotonin) exhibited dose dependent contractions in concentration range from $10^{-8}M$ to $10^{-5}M$. The maximal responses, however, were corresponded to about 50% of those of ACh or CaCh. 5-HT induced contractions were inhibited by $5-HT_2$ antagonistic ketanserin ($K_1: 7.8{\times}10^{-4}M$) in a non-competitive manner, but not by both of anti $5-HT_1$, spiperone and anti $5-HT_3$, MDL-72222. Hence, $5-HT_2$ receptors are suggested to be existed in Isreli carp intestine.

忠州市 主幹線 道路邊 建築外部色彩에 關한 硏究

崔生吉,孫泰鎭,柳顯紀,辛同寅,梁富弘,尹勝照,朴碩鉉 忠州大學校 1998 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.33 No.2

In order to understand the influence of colours on the urban design of a city, a portion of the central Chung-Ju was chosen as the study area, and three cases were researched as colours. These surveyed colours are analysed in their hue, value and chroma. It was necessary to determine the colours of 272 buildings exterior in all in order formulate the findings presented in this study. The result of this study can be briefly summerised as the following ; 1) The trends in the use of colour turn out like this ; 55.3% of the building were Y(yellow), YR(yellow-green), R(red) Family in Hue, abour 33.9% of them were within 8.0-8.9 and 26.6% were within 7.0-7.9 on the value scale, and about 48.5% of them were within 1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9 and 3.0-3.9 on the chroma scale. 1) For case 1 on the exterior colours of buildings, about 57.8% were Y and YR family in Hue, about 53.7% were 8.0-8.9 and 7.0-7.9 in Value, and about 49.6% of them were within 1.0-3.9 in chroma. 2) For case 2 on the exterior colours of buildings, about 52.4% were Y and R family in Hue, about 65.1% were 7.0-8.9 in Value, and about 46% were 1.0-2.9 in Chroma. 3) For case 3 on the exterior colours of buildings, about 55.7% were Y and YR Family in Hue, about 72.1% were 7.0-8.9 in Value, and about 31.1% were 2.0-2.9 in Chroma. In summary, the colours of the building surveyed in central Chung-Ju can be characerized as Y, YR, R, N family in Hue, 7.0-7.9, 8.0-8.9 in Value registered in 1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9, 3.0-3.9 in Chroma. The observed exterior colours show a tendency toward Yellow in Hue, High in Value and low in Chroma. Generally, the majority of the colours is light rather than strong in tone.

男子 中,高等學生의 體型에 관한 硏究

兪承熙,李仁淳 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 1993 體育學論文集 Vol.21 No.-

The objectives of this study were to research on the somatotype of male middle and high school students. For this purpose, the writer surveyed the Heath-Carter Anthropometric somatotype method of male middle and high school students in In-Chon. The total 300 male middle and high school students were selected and measured. The conclusion of this study were as follows; 1.Body Height of each ages were 152.86±7.89cm/in 13years old, 161.44±6.97cm/in 14years old, 166.26±6.58cm/in 15years old, 170.72±5.66cm/in 16years old, 171.34±5.89cm/in 17years old, 172.03±5.32cm/in 18years old. 2.Body Weight of each ages were 45.29±9.72kg/in 13years old, 52.20±11.30kg/in 14years old, 56.40±7.63kg/in tyears old, 59.30±9.75kg/in 16years old, 62.70±10.10kg/in 17years old, 63.60±9.85kg/in 18years old. 3.Chest girth of each ages were 73.79±6.83cm/in 13years old, 78.01±7.63cm/in 14years old, 83.63±7.46cm/in 15years old, 83,96±6.33cm/in 16years old, 86.41±6.42cm/in 17 years old, 87.48±6.74cm/in 18years old. 4.It was M(mean body somatotype). 3.50-4.91-3.06 in 13-year old students, M.3.88-4.93-3.35 in 15-year old students, M.3.71-4.41-3.61 in 16-year old students, M. 3.92-4.58-3.19 in 17- year old students, M. 3.91-4.92-3.14 in 18-year old students were revealed as endomorphic Mesomorph, the only 14-year old students were revealed as balanced Mesomorph, the last were revealed as Endomorphic Mesomorph. 5.As above mention was generalization, the Mean body somatotype was 42.67% in Endomorph, 43.67% in Mesomorph, 12% in Ectomorph, 1.67% in Central type.

진주지역 유치원의 변천과정에 대한 연구

강인언,임성혜,손영수 진주여자전문대학 1992 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the history of early childhood education in Chinju city. And the second purpose is to find out various problems in the field of early childhood education in Chinju, and seek improved suggestions. To carry out this study, the researchers gathered many kinds of data from forty kindergarten located in Chinju city. The opening date, the present situations, and the number of teachers, children and classes of each kindergarten were included in the data. The findings and suggestions of this study are as follows : 1. The kindergarten openting in Chinju for the first time in 「Chinju Chiristian Kindergarten」opened in 1916, which is two years later than the first kintergarten for the Korean childern, 「Ewha Kindergarten」opened in 1914 in Seoul. 2. Most of the private kindergartens in Chinju are very poor in financial aspect. 3. The salary level of the teachers of private kindergarten is lower than that of public kindergarten. 4. The concept of the parents on early childhood education is distorted much more than that of the specialists. 5. Educational programs according to ages (3-5 years old children)is required. 6. To elevate the efficiency of early childhood education, the financial support of provincial government as well as central government is required. 7. To recommendate the encouragement of learning in kindergaten, many of the school inspector are necessary in the special field of the early childhood education.

跆拳道 選手의 體級間 體格 및 體力에 關한 比較硏究

최인범,정용승 경기대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

We made an analysis of correlation and an analysis of variance to grasp the difference of physical fitness among weights and the correlation of physical fitness and sports career in Taekwondo, making the subjects of 24 high school players light weight class-9, middle weight class-9, and heavy weight class-6, who live in cheong ju city. The results are as follows ; 1) There was a significant difference in almost items among 3 group in the test of physique. There was a lot of deviation in girth of chest, length of leg, girth of thigh and skinfold thickness. 2) When Tae kwon do players were heavier in the test of physical fitness, there was a significant difference in grip strength and back strength and no significant difference in dipping, pull-up. Especially agility, flexibility and power were shown to be higher in light weight class than heavy weight class. 3) In the correlation of physical fitness and sports career, when they had lots of careers, there were certain correlations in dipping, shuttle run, burpee test and trunk flexion. Especially there was the contray correlation in back strength, sargent jump, trunk extension, when they had lots of careers. 4) In the analysis of variance about physical fitness factors among weight, there was no significant difference in grip strength, back strength, agility, but there was a significant difference in pull-up and harvard step test.

영어 의사소통능력의 신장을 위한 소집단 협동학습 실험

정승영,윤인숙 경남대학교 교육문제연구소 2001 敎育理論과 實踐 Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this study is to improve listening and speaking ability in English, and to help low-level students learn English more effectively through cooperative learning in small groups in high school English classes. For that purpose, the following hypotheses were established on the basis of the effectiveness of the cooperative learning in small groups. Hypothesis 1 : cooperative learning in small groups will have a positive effect on the students' interest in English learning and 4 skills of English. Hypothesis 2 : Cooperative learning in small group will help the students improve their listening and speaking ability in English by mutual activities. Hypothesis 3 : Cooperative learning in small groups will get the low-level students to learn English more effectively by the help of their fellow students. Subjects for the study were 50 students in the first grade of a high school in the Changwon city of area of Kyoungsangnamdo. The treatment group was made up of 50 students, and the normal group was made up of 48 students. The two groups were considered as equal groups in three achievement tests and the questionnaire about their interest in English. For about 9 months, the treatment group has been assigned to the cooperative learning in small groups, while the normal group has been assigned to the teacher directed whole-class learning. The effects of cooperative learning in small groups were examined in three areas : interest in English, listening and speaking ability, and the number of low-level students in achievement tests. Questionnaires about their interest in English were asked twice, before and after the experiment. Listening and speaking ability tests were given 3 times for each. General achievement tests were given 4 times to find out the low-level students^1). The results above indicated the cooperative learning in small groups turned out to be effective in improving the students' communicative ability and decreasing the number of low-level students. Therefore, it seems to be a very helpful teaching method worth applying in high school English classes. In conclusion, for beginners to improve their communicative ability, they should have enough opportunities to speak in class. And their teacher should not be the center of the class. I hope that further research will be systematically conducted in this area, and applied in high school English classes. It is also expected that this study can be helpful for the new curriculum starting from 2.002.