일본근대문학의 그리스도교 수용과 전개

하태후,박영준,김윤택,박승호 한국문학과종교학회 2002 문학과종교 Vol.7 No.2

The influence of Christian religion to Japanese modern literature is seen from the Meiji dynasty, But we can not help be disappointed about the influence. Until late 20th century, the Christian religion literature which was accepted as the thought of Christianity, could not escape from an immature stage. Starting with Tokoku and Toson, it was the same as the situation to the writers of socialism, the Minyusha group, the Shirakaba group and naturalism. Christian religion was not giving them the power to live ultimately. And the relation of Christian religion and the writers has succeeded to Catholicism literature R. Akutagawa → T.Fori → S. Endo, and Protestantism literature R. Akutagawa → O. Dazai → R. Shiina. In the case of R. Akutagawa, it was not in the Christian Dogma, the church as a system or believer's behavior that he thought important. He discovered that the origin of the human existence itself, and the appearance of the suffering which carries 'Worldwide pain' itself at the existence to be called Christ. As he wrote in "The Western Man", 'I began to pay attention to Jesus Christ who is not only from the people of the path, but also from modern people looking back.' His confession is connected here deeply. Dazai read The Bible and he enlarged the consciousness of sin and resisted consciousness about impurity. The motive which Dazai read The Bible, was to throw away the thought of communism. It was for him filling the blanks of spiritually up due to the guiltiness of society. In any difficult situation, Dazai touched strongly upon the one spirit of the human, K.Uchimura, who overcame life to the support of his incompatibilities. He confessed that he entered, by foot, into the world of the faith and he was fascinated more with The Bible because he did the love of reading The Bible. After this, The Bible was melted and entered his works as the manual of life and ethics. It became civilized as the ethics to resist and to criticize the period. R.Shiina entered Christianity faith finally by influence of the Dostoevsky's literature that treated the problem of God in Christian religion. According to his trace of the spirit, Shiina's works are divided into three parts. First, the time to keep himself in existence as to fight hard with the despair and the nothingness. Namely, the works of the time which is groping for God. Second, the works of the time which reaches Christian religion faith. Third, the works of his later years which is subjected to the problem on freedom of the human, with he to fight against the heart disease of paroxysm. The works and life of Shiina as a whole, we can say, was walking to pursue the freedom and the problem of God that rescues the human. The problem of the authentication which the West differs from the East in "The Sea and Poison" by S.Endo is progressed as the problem of East reception of Christian religion and as the subject to be a motherhood faith in "The Silence". Via "The Edge of the Dead Sea", it is developed as a universal Jesus who 'a companion Jesus' to orientals. As it is reached "The Warrior", it presented a typical model of Christian religion of reception to the Japanese. In "Deep River", it is passed over the range of the religion and progress for an origin problem, a reality of the human and solution for existence. Since a visit to Japanese shores by Admiral Perry, a course of reception of a non critical though of Western Europe had happened. Endo's literature reflects constructive resolutions about a traditional thought of Japan and complicated problems which have agonized the solution in Japanese modern history.

외상성 뇌지주막하출혈을 동반한 두부외상 환자의 예후인자

길승배,김헌주,허철,한용표,홍순기,변진수 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.9

The presence of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage on the initial computerized tomographic scans has been known to be associated with worse results. By means of a simple and reliable computerized tomographic grade system proposed by Greene and his colleagues, prognostic factors of the traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage was significantly related to clinical outcome at the time of discharge from acute hospitalization. Between February 1992 and August 1995, 3975 patients were admitted to our department of neurosurgery due to head injury. Clinical data were retrospectively reviewed to ascertain the relationship of the thickness of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, its location, evidence of mass lesion(s), midline shift, obliteration of the basal cistern, and cortical sulcal effacement to outcome. Additionally initial Glasgow coma scale score, arterial gas study systemic blood pressure and prothrombin time were also analyzed for the same purpose. Among 3975 head-injured patients. 213 patients were identified to have traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage on the initial computerized tomographic scan. Among 213 traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, the patients treated with calcium channal blocker(32 patients) and 3 patients lost to follow-up were excluded from this study for a total of 178. The computerized tomographic scan findings were divided into a 3 grade system : Grade 1 indicating only traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Grade 2 indicating traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage with mass lesion(s). Grade 3 indicating traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage with mass lesion(s) and midline shift. All these data were compared to Glasgow outcome scale on discharge, and arbitarily these were divided into the good(good recovery and moderate disability) and the bad(severe disability, vegetative state and death). The authors conclude that the contributing factors to outcome at discharge were as follows : 1 midline shift(p=0.002), PT≤70%(p<0.001), obliteration of the basal cistern(p=0.001) and cortical sulcal effacement(p=0.001) were shown to the statistically significant. 2. initial computerized tomographic grade contributed to outcome at discharge.

호산구성 육아종에 병발된 동맥류성 두개골 골낭종 : 증례보고 Case Report

길승배,허철,변진수,한용표,김헌주,홍순기,김명순,홍순원,김윤미 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.9

A case of aneurysmal bone cyst(ABC1 secondary to eosinophilic granuloma of the skull is reported. In the skull the presence of ABC secondary to eosinophilic granuloma is rare. We reviewed the clinicopathological and radiological features of this type of eocinophilic granuloma at the cranium.

외상성 뇌실출혈 : Analysis of 17 CT Proven Cases

김헌주,허철,변진수,고승연 대한신경외과학회 1989 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.18 No.1

A series of 1909 computed tomography(CT) scan performed for head injury mostly after traffic accident was retrospectively reviewed. 17 patients were found to have clearly definable traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage(TIVH). TIVH was associated with various brain lesions in most cases ; Intracerebral lesions with contusional hemorrhage and subdural hematoma(G1asgow Coma Scale Score) coexisted in 6 and 5 instances. The outcome(Glasgow Outcome Scale) of this series was related with initial clinical findings, and 11 patients survived. We have designed this study to assess the Occurrence of TIVH in our series of head-injured patients in Korea, and to correlate these findings with the clinical status, the presence of associated lesions, and their relation to final outcome of these patients, and conculsions are as follows : 1) The incidence of TIVH and its associated mortality is 0.9% and 35.3%, respectively. Most of them occurrs below 5th decade(70.6%) with male predominance(88.2%). 2) Mode of injury is mainly from traffic accident(94.1%), followed by fall down(5.9%). 3) The presence of concomitant lesions has a definite influence on poor outcome(P<0.02), whereas skull fracture or multiplicity of TIVH does not. 4) Primary impact site to induce TIVH is primarily on frontal portion(58.9%). 5) With regard to brain stem injury in TIVH, the final outcome clearly depends on pathological demostration on CT(P<0.005), but not on location of hemorrhage(P<0.5).

외국산 양주의 진위판정에 관한 연구

박유신,백승화,조후종 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 1994 자연과학논문집 Vol.11 No.-

외국산 양주의 진위를 판정하는 방법을 수립하기 위하여 GC를 이용해서 71종의 표준양주에 함유되어 있는 ethyl acetate와 3종류의 고급 알코올, 즉n-propanol, iso-butanol,iso amyl alchol의 함량을 측정하고, 각양주의 UV최애흡수파장과 흡광도를 측정하여 외국산 양주의 진위판정 기준으로 이용하였다.이와 같은 기준에 의하여 가짜로 의심되는 3종류의 양주를 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 판정ㅇ 가능하였다. 1종은 저급의 외국산 양주가 고급 외국산 양주고 위조된 것이고, 2종은 국산양주가 외국산 양주로 위조된 것으로 판명되었다. This study attempts to establish the methods to evaluate adulterated foreign liquors, we anlized the content of ethyl acetate, n-propanol, iso-butanol and iso-amyl alcohol in 578 reliable and 3 unreliable foriegn liquors and 14 Korean liquors by gas chromatography. Subsequently, UV absorption maximum wavelengh and optical desity of these liquors were measured. These contents of the 3 unreliable foreign liquors were compared with the contents of the reliable liquors. The results were as follows: 1.The Jack Daniels(Old No.7)of foreign bourbon whisky was adultesated to Cammus(VSOP)of foreign cognac brandy. 2.The Captain Q spirit made in Korea was adultesated to Chivas Regal(12 years) of foreign scotch whisky. 3.The Old of spirit made in Korea was adultesated to Johnnie Walker(Black Label, 12 years) of foreign scotch whisky. Therefore reliability if foreign liquor could be decided by teh content of ethyl acetate and higher alchols the measurment fo UV absorption maximum wavelengh and optical density in liquors.

흰쥐에 對한 Phosphamidon 및 Endosulfan의 亞急性毒性에 關한 硏究

申鎭燮,崔承允,李昌業,崔仁厚 서울大學校 農科大學 1984 서울대농학연구지 Vol.9 No.2

Subacute toxicity tests of phosphamidon and endosulfan were carried out to examine the adverse effects resulting from repeated daily oral administration of low dose levels (1, 2 and 5 mg/kg/day) to rats for 28 days. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Rats showed clinical signs of salivation hyperactivity, ataxia at 2mg/kg/day dosage of phosphamidon and, in addition, lachrymation, tremor, exophthalmus and diarrhea at the highest level. On the other hand, endosulfan caused only hyperactivity in rats treated with the highest dosage. There was no mortality at any dosage of either pesticide. 2. Rats gained significantly lower body weight, when treated at the 5mg/kg/day dose levels of phosphamidon and endosulfan, in comparison to normal, nontreated rats. 3. Plasma cholinesterase activity was significantly depressed at all levels of phosphamidon during the administration period, but returned to normal within 2 weeks after the last administration. Endosulfan did not change plasma cholinesterase activity at any levels. 4. Leukopenia was detected only in rats treated with phosphamidon at 5mg/kg/day level. No other adverse changes in hematology were observed in rats treated either with phosphamidon at lower levels or with endosulfan at any levels. 5. Cloudy swelling of liver was the only histological change in rats treated with phosphamidon or endosulfan at the highest level. No other histopathological change in rats treated with phosphamidon or endosulfan at the highest level. No other histopathological symptoms were found in spleen, heart, kidney, and bone marrow of rats treated. 6. It may be concluded from the results above that the "no effect level" is 1 mg/kg/day and 2 mg/kg/day for phosphamidon and endosulfan, respectively.

3차원 전산화단층촬영 영상을 이용한 안면 연조직 두께 계측의 임상적 유용성

정호걸,김기덕,한승호,허경석,이제범,박혁,최성호,김종관,박창서 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2006 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.36 No.2

Purpose : To evaluate clinical usefulness of facial soft tissue thickness measurement using 3D computed tomographic images. Materials and Methods : One cadaver that had sound facial soft tissues was chosen for the study. The cadaver was scanned with a Helical CT under following scanning protocols about slice thickness and table speed; 3 mm and 3 mm/sec, 5 mm and 5 mm/sec, 7 mm and 7 mm/sec. The acquired data were reconstructed 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 mm reconstruction interval respectively and the images were transferred to a personal computer. Using a program developed to measure facial soft tissue thickness in 3D image, the facial soft tissue thickness was measured. After the ten-time repeation of the measurement for ten times, repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was adopted to compare and analyze the measurements using the three scanning protocols. Comparison according to the areas was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Results : There were no statistically significant intraobserver differences in the measurements of the facial soft tissue thickness using the three scanning protocols (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between measurements in the 3 mm slice thickness and those in the 5 mm, 7 mm slice thickness (p>0.05). There were statistical differences in the 14 of the total 30 measured points in the 5 mm slice thickness and 22 in the 7mm slice thickness. Conclusion : The facial soft tissue thickness measurement using 3D images of 7 mm slice thickness is acceptable clinically, but those of 5 mm slice thickness is recommended for the more accurate measurement.

3차원 전산화단층촬영 영상을 이용한 얼굴 연조직 두께 계측

정호걸,김기덕,한승호,신동원,허경석,이제범,박혁,박창서 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2006 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.37 No.1

Purpose : To evaluate accuracy and reliability of program to measure facial soft tissue thickness using 3D computed tomographic images by comparing with direct measurement. Materials and Methods : One cadaver was scanned with a Helical CT with 3 mm slice thickness and 3 mm/sec table speed. The acquired data was reconstructed with 1.5 mm reconstruction interval and the images were transferred to a personal computer. The facial soft tissue thickness were measured using a program developed newly in 3D image. For direct measurement, the cadaver was cut with a bone cutter and then a ruler was placed above the cut side, The procedure was followed by taking pictures of the facial soft tissues with a high-resolution digital camera. Then the measurements were done in the photographic images and repeated for ten times. A repeated measure analysis of variance was adopted to compare and analyze the measurements resulting from the two different methods. Comparison according to the areas was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Results : There were no statistically significant differences between the direct measurements and those using the 3D images (p>0.05). There were statistical differences in the measurements on 17 points but all the points except 2 points showed a mean difference of 0.5 mm or less. Conclusion : The developed software program to measure the facial soft tissue thickness using 3D images was so accurate that it allows to measure facial soft tissues thickness more easily in forensic science and anthropology. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2006; 36 : 49-54)

시설노인의 자아존중감과 우울

박금자,이지현,배경의,강양희,송후승 노인간호학회 2007 노인간호학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-esteem and depression in the elders who are residents in welfare facilities and to provide basic data for developing nursing intervention programs for these people. Methods: The participants in this study were 192 older people who scored 24 or higher on the K-MMSE (Korean-Mini Mental State Examination), and have lived for three months or more in one of 4 institutions located in B Metropolitan City. The data were collected by structured questionnaire from August 1 to 20 2006 and frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data with the SPSS/12.0 program. Results: 1. The score for self-esteem of the participants was 33.70± 7.20 (tool range: 10-50), and for depression, 6.57±3.98 (tool range: 0-15). 2. There was a slightly negative correlation between self-esteem and depression (r=-.388, p=.000). 3. There were significant differences in self-esteem according to education level (F=4.486, p= .012), and level of intention to be admitted to facility (F=7.504, p=-.000). 4. There was significant difference in depression according to education level (F=3.832, p=.023), type of religion (F=3.837, p= .005), level of intention to be admitted to facility (F=7.987, p=.000). Conclusion: This study might help in developing nursing intervention programs to improve self-esteem and reduce depression these elders.

A Study on the Effects of Ultrasonic Vibration in Laser Machining of Polymer Materials

Hu Seung Lee,Jung Hwan Park,Min Yang Yang,Jong Kweon Park,Sung Hak Cho 한국생산제조학회 2012 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.10