Ownership Structure of Northeast Asian Countries

Seung Rok Park,Peter Drysdale,Shin Il Kang,In kie Hong 한국경제연구원 2004 한국경제연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2004-02 No.-

1 In the first paper “Determinants of Corporate Ownership Structure and their effects on Corporate Governance in South Korea” by Shin-Il Kang, Korea’s unique characteristics, specifically the ownership structure and corporate governance are examined. The author takes a broad perspective by incorporating corporate culture, business leadership, and ownership structure in Korean corporation. Furthermore, he discusses the substitutability of Korean specific features given the rapidly changing economic environment. Under the Korea’s Chaebol structure, controlling shareholders, who are the real owner of firms, have exercised ownership rights while having a large proportion of shares aided by cross shareholdings. This has been possible through the pyramid ownership control structure as well as cross-shareholding among subsidiaries. Market circumstances related to management costs are not favorable to the firm with a dispersed ownership structure. In Korea, that’s the reason why ownership is concentrated. Given such a structure, the owners minimize costs related to management’s risks. Furthermore it proposes that leadership(firm culture) and ownership are substitutes. Concentrated ownership is needed when the leadership is not mature like Korean Chaebol. 2 The second paper “Issues in Japanese Corporate Governance” by Peter Drysdale examines some of the major issues of Japanese corporate governance today. The role of that main bank in corporate governance and inter corporate shareholding has been well documented. Although Japanese banks have rigorously monitored firms and have had an enormous influence on firms’ decisions and strategies through the owning of shares, firm performance under such a main bank system has not always been positive. Opposing views and their rationale regarding the pessimism behind the performance of firms in the main bank system are also explained in this paper. 3 The paper “Corporate Governance in China” by In Kie Hong discusses the current status and the restructuring efforts of China’s corporate governance. In China, state shareholders possess strong control rights over listed companies allowing them to exercise control even beyond their proportion of shareholding. Various governmental organizations(under the Communist Party) acting as representatives of the state as shareholders have influenced firms enormously, particularly regarding matters of organizing the board of directors as well as electing management. However since they have little incentives to manage state(national) assets and have insufficient capacity to monitor a large number of firms of which they are in charge, the principal-agent problem tends to prevail, which adds to the difficulties in preserving the value of state assets as well. 4 The last paper “Ownership Concentration and Corporate Performances in the Northeast Asian Countries” by Seung-Rok Park compares the relationship between corporate governance structure and corporate performance in Korea, Japan, and China by empirically examining the accounting corporate performances and technical efficiency measures. In the case of Korea, ownership concentration was shown to have positively affected all corporate accounting performance variables such as profit margin, return on shareholders’ funds, return on total assets, and return on capital employed. Furthermore, it was also found that ownership concentration positively affected corporate performance by helping improve the technical efficiency of firms. Unlike Korea, in Japan, there was no sign of a positive effect of ownership concentration on the accounting corporate performance and technical efficiency. Moreover, in the case of China, ownership concentration positively affected profit margin and return on total assets, while no positive effects of ownership concentration were found on return on capital employed and return on shareholders’ funds. It is shown in this study that the difference in the rel

Critical role of bile acid (BA) in the cellular entry and permissiveness of Hepatitis B virus in vitro

Hong‑Jai Lee,Bo‑Young Shin,Jae‑Seung Moon,Ailyn Fadriquela,Selikem Abla Nuwormegbe,Chun‑Chang Ho,Jin‑Su Shin,Jee‑Sang Yoon,Sang‑Kyou Lee,Soo‑Ki Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.3

Background Lack of universal replication system for hepatitis B virus with narrow host range and organ tropism has hampered to uncover the pathogenesis of HBV. Previously, we reported the essentiality of humoral milieu and its components toward HBV and hepatitis C virus survival/viability in vitro. Of these components, the precise role of enterohepatic humoral milieu such as bile acid (BA) on HBV cultivation in vitro and in vivo is unknown. Objective We explored whether BA, specifically taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) would directly regulate the viral DNA and surface antigen expression of HBV in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. Result We found that higher concentration of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (tCDCA) is able to preserve the genomic stability of HBV in cell-free DMEM, showing higher the surface antigenicity than taurocholic acid (tCA). In line, we found that in vitro cell culture condition (100 μmol/L of tCDCA coupled with 1 × 108 g e/mL HBV) would be optimal for HBV entry into target cells. Using this, human (HepG2, Huh7), and rodent (Hepa1c1c7, H4-II-E) hepatoma cell lines were infected by HBV, as evidenced by the presence of HBV biomarkers (HBsAg, and HBV DNA in culture supernatant, as well as HBcAg in cell). Further, cellular entry test revealed that HBV is able to infect 12 different non-hepatic cell lines regardless of species, and organ/tissue, consequently reproducing progeny as confirmed by HBV biomarkers. Last, reinfection test showed that the progenies of HBV from immortalized HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells are able to enter into each or vice versa naïve HepG2, and Hepa1c1c7 cells with or without BA. Conclusion This study demonstrates that enterohepatic humoral milieu such as BA, specifically tCDCA would directly regulate HBV DNA and its surface antigen expression in vitro, consequently rendering HBV to enter into human or murine immortalized hepatocytes, and non-hepatocytes. This is the first note to render HBV permissive to human or rodent hepatic and non-hepatic cells via sole manipulation of humoral milieu, thus establishing the platform for in vitro robust replication system of HBV.

외국문요약

Hong,Seung-Pyo 동양사회사상학회 2002 사회사상과 문화 Vol.5 No.-

Oil Contents and Fatty Acid Composition of Korean Perilla (Perilla ocimoides L.) Collections

Hong,Seong-Taek,Son,Suk-Yeong,Jong,Seung-keun,Rho,Chang-Woo,Yun,Jong-Sun 한국자원식물학회 2003 Plant Resources Vol.6 No.3

This study was carried out to obtain informations on the variations of oil content and fatty acid composition among 90 Korean perilla collections. Average oil content of 90 perilla collections was 44.2% with a range from 29.7% to 61.9%. Perilla collections with late-maturing, super-large seed and gray seed coat showed higher oil content than other types in general. Average saturated fatty acid content in perilla oil was 9.0% with a range from 8.2% to 10.7%, while average unsaturated fatty acid content varied from 89.3% to 91.8% with a mean of 91.0%. Contents of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were not related to maturity. There were no differences in the contents of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids according to maturity. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents were the highest in the super large-sized group(15.5%) and in the large-sized seed group(61.4%), respectively, while contents of fatty acids among the perilla collections were variable with different seed coat colors. Most of the traits studied were not significantly correlated with oil content, but linoleic acid($\omega$ 수식 이미지-6) content was negatively correlated (r=-0.217*) with linolenic acid(ω-3) content.

조각과 건축용 석재 특성 연구

홍성도,홍영균,손승현,심승욱 弘益大學校 2001 미술디자인 논문집 Vol.- No.6

In sculpture and building construction, stone has been generally used as basic material. However, the Information of its characteristics are poor to use stone in these fields. So this study focused on various characteristics of domestic and overseas natural stone. This study provides the basic data for the choice of stone to be used in sculpture and building construction and will be a foundation of further study of new method in manufacture and construction.

새로운 맥파 인식 알고리즘을 적용한 자동 맥파 시스템에 관한 연구

박승환,홍승홍 대한의용생체공학회 1996 의공학회지 Vol.17 No.2

This paper describes a new system that detects radial pulse wave and allows the diagnosis of malfunctions of cardiovascular system by analyzing the waveforms with the newly proposed algorithm. The system consists of a sensor part and a data processing part within which a new detection algorithm is incorporated. In acquiring radial pulse signal noninvasively, the sensor used in this system is a new combinational fiber-optic sensor which has a detecting part and a transmitting part. Also. In order to analyze the characteristics of pulsation quantitatively, the algorithm proposed in this paper is a method that runs in parallel with both the data of ECG and differential pulse simultaneously. these concepts are based upon the idea that three Q points of ECG give obious discrimination of one entire period of pulse in any abnormal cases, and newly defined feature lines at the differential counterpart can be used to recognize some significant points in one period of pulses.

고호모시스테인증과 동반된 소뇌출혈 1예

홍석찬,안재영,조수진,정진상,이광호,홍승철,변홍식 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE 가 허혈 손상된 백서 근육 조직에 미치는 영향

민대홍,김승홍,백무현,김승한 大韓成形外科學會 1991 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.18 No.4

Superoxide radicals have been shown to play an important role in the cellular injury of reperfused ischemic tissue. We examined the protective effect of superoxide dismutase(SOD), one of the derivatives of superoxide rradical scavengers, on the reperfusion injury of replanted rat limb with 6 - hour is - chemic period. Biochemically, the amounts of superoxide radicals in ischemic hindlimbs treated with SOD have decreased significantly compared to those of control group.(p<0.01) Histologically, SOD treated extremities demonstrated less inflammatory reaction and degenerative change than control group. Our results indicate that the administration of SOD to a amputation part by means of intraarterial perfusion after prolonged period of warm ischemia significantly decreases the tissue damage.

Ribosomal DNA의 ITS영역 염기서열 분석에 의한 기주특이적 독소 생성 Alternaria spp.의 계통분류학적 유연관계

高昇柱,洪承範,姜熙玩,劉勝憲,柳震彰 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1998 생물공학연구지 Vol.6 No.-

기주특이적 독소 생성 Alternaria spp.와 비병원성 A. alternata의 계통분류학적 유연관계를 규명하기 위하여 기주특이적 독소 생성 Alternaria 6균, 비병원성인 A. alternata 그리고 비교균으로서 소형포자를 형성하는 A. brassicicola, 대형포자를 형성하는 A. solani의 ribosmal DNA의 5.8S를 포함한 ITS영역의 염기 서열을 분석하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Alternaria spp.의 rDNA ITS영역의 염기서열 크기는 548∼562bp였으며 5.8S rDNA에서는 비교종간에 서로 일치하였고 ITS I에서는 종간 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 2. 기주특이적 독소 생성 Alternaria spp.의 rDNA의 ITS영역의 염기서열은 비병원성인 A. alternata의 염기서열과는 서로 일치하였으나 A. brassicicola와는 3%, A. solani와는 7%의 염기서열 차를 보였다. 3. 기주특이적 독소 생성 Alternaria spp.는 비병원성 A. alternata와 진화적으로 매우 가까운 유연관계를 나타내었다. The regions of internal transcribed spacer(ITS) including 5.8S ribosomal DNA(rDXA) from six host-specific toxin(HST) producing Alternaria spp. nonpathogenic A. alternata. A. solani and A. brassicicola were sequenced to assess their relationship in taxonomy. There was no difference in the sequences of ITS including 5.8S rDNA among the HST-producing Alternaria spp. and nonpathogenic A. alternata. However, the sequences of HST-producing Alternaria spp. were different from those of A. solani and A. brassicicola by about 7% and 3%, respectively. These results suggest that HST-producing Alternaria spp. are evolutionarily very close to non pathogenic A. alternata although they have host-specific pathogenecity.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.