전자상거래의 무관세화에 대한 일 고찰

이원복,강승구 대구대학교 경제경영연구소 2002 경제경영연구 Vol.1 No.2

전자적으로 전송되는 디지트 제품들은 실물적 재화로 취급되는 것이 서비스 재로 취급되는 경우보다 훨씬 자유무역을 촉진시킬 수 있지만, GATS 규정을 적용 받고 있는 것이 현실이다. 서비스 교역레짐(GATS 규정)은 각 회원국에 의해서 수행된 특정한 공약에 의지하기 때문에 전자적으로 배송되는 미디어 제품의 무관세 대우 제안은 제한적인 함의만을 가진다. 또한 모든 서비스 재를 실물 재화로 분류(GATT 규정)한다면, 무역에 대한 제한은 점차적으로 사라지게 될 것이다. 그러니 이 제안 역시 기술발전에 따라 전자적 전송 서비스재가 다양한 형태로 정의될 가능성에 대한 고려를 빠뜨리고 있다. 전자적 배송이 대안적 배송(실물적 배송)보다 효율적인 배송 수단이라면 전자상거래에 대한 무관세화는 무역창출을 결과할 것이다. 그러나 전자적 배송수단이 대안적 배송수단 보다 덜 효율적이라면, 전자상거래에 대한 무관세화는 무역전환 비용을 낳게 될 것이다. 디어드로프는 모든 전자적 거래를 서비스 재로 간주하면서, 서비스재가 내국민 대우를 적용하기보다는 MFN 대우가 적용될 수 있도록 GATS 규정이 재 협상되어야 한다고 주장한다. 이렇게 함으로써, 전자적으로 배송되는 미디어 제품의 무관세 대우 제안의 제한적 함의를 극복할 수 있다고 보는 것이다. 한편, 서비스 관세화에 따른 서비스 재 교역시의 후생효과의 크기는 서비스 재의 수입금지와 비교했을 때 보다 크다는 사실을 증명해 보이고 있다.

바나듐 산화막을 활용한 습도센서의 제조에 관한 연구

이승철,최복길,김남철 公州大學校 工學硏究院 生産技術硏究所 2004 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Vanadium oxides have been widely used in a variety of technological applications such electrochromic devices as infrared detectors and are expected as a material suitable for gas sensing applications. Thin films of Vanadium oxide (VOx) have been deposited by r.f magnetron sputtering under different oxygen partial pressure ratios(0%, 10%) and substrate temperatures(27℃, 400℃). Humidity-sensitive properties of resistive sensors having interdigitated electrode structure are characterized. Our sensors show good response to humidity over 20%RH to 80%RH Vanadium oxide films deposited with 0%O2 partial pressure at 400℃ exhibit greater sensitivity to humidity change than others.

스퍼터된 바나듐 산화막의 구조적, 전기적 특성에 미치는 진공 어닐링의 효과

이승철,황인수,최복길 公州大學校 工學硏究院 生産技術硏究所 2003 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Thin films of vanadium oxide(VO_(x)) have been deposited by RF magnetron sputtering from V₂O_(5) target in gas mixture of argon and oxygen. The oxygen/(oxygen+argon) partial pressure ratio of 0% and 8% is adopted. Crystal structure and optical properties of films sputter-deposited under different oxygen gas pressures and in situ annealed in vacuum at 400℃ for 1h and 4h are characterized through XRD, XPS, RBS, FTIR, and optical absorption measurements. The films as-deposited are amorphous, but 0%O₂ films annealed for time longer than 4h and 8%O₂ films annealed for time longer than 1h are polycrystalline. I-v characteristics were distinguished between linear and nonlinear region. In the low field region the conduction is due to Schottky emission, while at high fields it changes to Fowler-Nordheim tunneling type conduction. The conductivity measurements have shown an Arrhenius dependence of the conductivity on the temperature.

황해 직선 황로상 대기오염물질의 측정

이승복,배귀남,진현철,김영성,문길주,심상규 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Air pollutants were measured eight times from June 1999 to June 2002 on regular ferries cruising across the Yellow Sea between Incheon in Korea and Qingdao or Tianjin in China. PM_(10) and PM_(2.5_ were measured as particulate matters and SO₂, CO, and NOx were measured as gaseous pollutants. On each route, sampling was made, starting two hour after departure and ending two hour before arrival. Low concentrations of gaseous pollutants that were not much varied according to sampling period and location revealed that atmosphere over the sea was not directly affected by anthropogenic emissions. However, concentrations of fine particles were generally higher than those measured at Deokjeok Island. 50 km west of the western seashore, at similar periods. It was believed that considerable influence of China in the form of secondary pollutants was exerted over the sea.

인삼투여가 체력 및 체중감량에 미치는 영향

이명복,김창규,박성순,김귀봉,이상구,김현덕 국민대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1985 스포츠科學硏究所論叢 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of the study was to investigate and find the metabolic and strength response to the effects of Gin Seng intake on weight reduction in Wrestlers. Ten subjects experienced five to eight years fro were used for the study. They are attending at university and engaging in wrestling program. The subjects were divided into experimental and control groups. Five exeprimental group was supplemented Korean Gin Seng with the amounts of 600g for eight weeks. The pre-post test methods was conducted. The metabolic test using the Ergo-Oxyscreen (Jager co. German) were obtained during the ergometer bicycle tests. The subjects were seated on the bicycle for two minutes after two minutes resting period, and pedalled with 60rpm at the beginning with free loading for two minutes, and increased the 0.5KP load every one minute. The exercise on the bicycle was continued until the subjects were exhausted. The metabolic data such as weight, MV(minute ventilation)., BF(breathing frequency), Heart rate, Vo_2ml kg/min., and Time. were calculated automatically and printed out the data every minute. The grip and back strength tests were obtained using the dynamometer (T.KK. Japan), and leg strength(180/sec, 30/sec.), power, isometric maximal strength, and endurance were measured through Cybex-Ⅱ system. After pre-test, exprimental group was begin to intake Gin-Seng for eight weeks, and control was start to reduce their body weight. As the results of the study, conclusion to be drawn as follows; 1. There were no significant difference between before weight reduction and after weight

정지용 시의 운율 연구

이승복 대전대학교 인문과학연구소 2001 人文科學論文集 Vol.32 No.-

Autophagy 매개체인 LC3로 인한 Aβ 신경 독성의 증가

이승아;이현정;김도희;김옥현 박지애;김대진;정윤희;김경용;김성수;이원복 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2012 中央醫大誌 Vol.37 No.1/2

Autophagy is a highly regulated cellular mechanism that results in the bulk degradation process and which seems to be implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions relevant to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Also, it has been suggested that the large part of autophagy is mediated by Light Chains 3 (LC3). Despite research suggesting an association between AD and autophagy, many issues remain to be addressed. To determine the relevance between autophagy and AD, we evaluated amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity either in SH-SY5Y cells transfected with only EGFP or the cells exogeneously transfected with EGFP-LC3, mediating autophagy easily by overexpressed LC3. Without treatment of Aβ, the cell viabilities were quietly similar in both kinds of cells. The cell viability was decreased significantly in LC3 overexpressed cells. Consistently, more increased oxidative stress was detected in LC3 overexpressed cells. These results suggest that autophagy enhanced Aβ toxicity by way of increasing oxidative stress at least in part. This study will be of help to understand the role of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases.

環境 價値의 計量化 技法

이승복 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.2

철강 제조업체 근로자에서 효소면역측정법을 통한 B형 간염 바이러스 표지자 조사

이종영,강승원,하명화,김중구,배삼덕,김두희,남복동 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.2

포항 지역 한 철강 제조업에서 1995년 1월부터 10월 사이에 실시한 정기 건강진단을 받은 남자 근로자 11,523명을 대상으로 HBsAg 및 Anti-HBs, HBeAg 및 Auti-HBe은 EIA법으로, SGOT 및 SGPT는 반응속도법(IU)으로 검사하였다. 그리고 이들 대상자에서 교육정보, 근무 형태, 음주 및 흡연습관과 간기능 이상 여부를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. B형 간염 표지자의 분포를 보면 HBsAg(+)/Anti-HBs(-)는 8.1%, HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs(+)는 60.5% 그리고 HBsAg(+)/Anti-HBs는 0.1%이었으며, HBsAg의 양성율은 8.2%, Anti-HBs 양성율은 60.6%이었다. 2. 연령에 따라 HBsAg(+)/Anti-HBs(-)와 HBsAg(-)-HBs(+)가 유의하게 증가한 반면(p<0.05), 교육정도와 근무형태에 있어서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 음주율은 HBsAg(+)/Anti-HBs(-)에서 HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs(-)와 HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs(+)의 84.6% 및 85.7%에 비해 낮지만 73.9%나 되었고, 흡연율은 HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs(+), HBsAg(+)/Anti-HBs(-) 및 HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs(-)에서 54.3%, 53.7% 및 53.0%의 순서로 나타났다. HBsAg(+)/Anti-HBs(-)에서 간기능 이상자가 40.1%이었으나 HBsAg(-)Anti-HBs(-)와 HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs(+)에서도 각각 21.9% 및 18.4%를 차지하였다. 4. HBsAg(+)에서의 e항원에 대한 표지자의 분포를 보면 HBeAg(+)/Anti-HBe(-)는 31.3%, HBeAg(-)/AntiHBe(+)는 55.0% 그리고 HBeAg(+)/Anti-HBe(+)는 1.6%이었고 HBeAg(+)/Anti-HBe(-)는 연령에 따라 감소하고 HBeAg(-)/AntiHBs(-)와 HBeAG(-)/AntiHBe(+)는 증가하였다. HBsAg 양성자중 HBeAg의 총 양성율은 32.9%로 연령이 증가할수록 유의하게 감소하였다. 본 연구는 근로자의 B형 간염 표지자 조사에 있어 Anti-HBs의 검사에서는 EIA 방법으로 실시해야 하는 근거를 제시하는 것이며, 철강산업 근로자에서는 B형간염 이외의 간장질환에도 관심을 가져야 할 것으로 보이며 음주 문제에 대한 대책마련이 시급히 이루어 져야 할 것으로 생각된다. A study for seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus markers (HBsAg, Anti-HBs, HBeAg and Anti-HBe) by EIA method and the Liver Function Test(SGOT and SGPT) using kinetic method was carried out from January to October 1995 among male workers of a major iron and steel manufacturing company located in Pohang. The results were as follows; 1. The distribution of hepatitis B virus markers showed that the proportions of HBsAg(+)/Anti-HBs(-), HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs(+) and HBsAg(+)/Anti-HBs(+) were 8.1%, 60.5% and 0.1%, respectively. The positive rate of HBsAg in all subjects was 8.2%, whereas that of anti-HBs was 60.6%. 2. The proportions of HBsAg(+)/Anti-HBs(-) and HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs(+) increased significantly with age. While the distribution of hepatitis B virus markers exhibited no significant differences among the groups classified by educational background or work type. 3. The proportion of drinkers in HBsAg(+)/Anti-HBs(-)(73.9%) was significantly lower than those of HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs(-) and HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs(+) (84.6% and 85.7%, respectively). The proportions of smoking for the three groups of HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs(+), HBsAg(+)/Anti-HBs(-) and HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs(-) were 54.3%, 53.7% and 53.0%, respectively(p<0.01). The proportion of the subjects with abnormal liver function test in HBsAg(+)/Anti-HBs(-) was 40.1%, whereas those in HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs(-) and HBsAg(-)/Anti-HBs(+) were 21.9% and 18.4%, respectively. 4. The distribution of e Ag markers among HBsAg(+) subjects showed that the proportions of HBeAg(+)/Anti-HBe(-), HBeAg(-)/Anti-HBe(+) and HBeAg(+)/Anti-HBe(+) were 31.3%, 55.0% and 1.6%, respectively. The proportion of HBeAg(+)/Anti-HBe(-) decreased significantly with age and those of HBeAg(-)/Anti-HBe(-) and HBeAg(-)/Anti-HBe(+) increased with age. The positive rate of HBeAg among HBsAg(+) subjects was 32.9%. In conclusion, as a screening method, EIA is recommended to test hepatitis B virus markers, especially when examining Anti-HBs more sensitively. For the workers of the iron and steel manufacturing company studied, liver diseases caused by other than hepatitis B should be given a special care including an education avoiding alcohol drinking.

비파괴검사기술의 최신 연구동향

이승석,김기복 한국비파괴검사학회 2004 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.24 No.1