Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease; subgroup analysis for causes, risk factors for mortality rate, and steroid responsiveness

( Seung Hyun Yong ),( Ah Young Leem ),( Song Yee Kim ),( Kyung Soo Chung ),( Ji Ye Jung ),( Young Ae Kang ),( Young Sam Kim ),( Joon Chang ),( Moo Suk Park ),( Hye Jin Jang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-

Background: Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) has known as a poor prognosis disease, particularly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Corticosteroid is widely used for treatment of acute exacerbation (AE)-ILD. This study aims to clarify efficacy of corticosteroid use, and compare the mortality rate depending on the subgroups of ILD. Materials and Methods: We collected the data from the patients who have diagnosed ILD and visited emergency room (ER) with the respiratory symptoms from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. We classified AE-ILD patients into 3 groups depending on methylprednisolone dose per kilogram. Also, we compared the mortality of IPF patients to that of non-IPF patients. Results: A total case of AE-ILD visited ER from 2016 to 2018 was 209 cases, including IPF cases (n=122) and non-IPF cases (n=87). We divided total patients (n=209) into three groups depending on steroid use, and these include group 1 of 0-0.49 mg/kg (n=78), group 2 of 0.5-0.99 mg/kg (n=58), and above 1.0 mg/kg (n=41), each. We found poor prognosis from the cases of IPF compared to non-IPF cases (p=0.029, OR 2.463). Furthermore, there was significant differences of mortality rate according to steroid dose (p=0.036, OR 1.712), CRP elevation (p=0.016, OR 1.004), and intubated case (p=0.000, OR 8.152). Also, we categorized IPF (n=122) to non-IPF cases (n=87) and analyzed the mortality rate. Most of the patients were death from ILD itself (n=23, 63.9%), Pneumonia(n=8, 22.2%), and Lung cancer (n=5, 13.9%). Bacterial infection (n=26) was dominant cause of AE, followed by fungal infection (n=15), and viral infection (n=10). Conclusions: This retrospective analysis of corticosteroid treatment shows more fatal outcome when we use high dose steroid in AE-ILD cases, and there was significant difference in mortality rate depending on the subgroup of ILD and medical background, such as intubation status, higher CRP level, and IPF cases.

이완요법(아우토겐 훈련)이 간호대학생의 스트레스와 스트레스 대처 방식에 미치는 효과

김순애(Kim, Soon? Ae),오승은(Oh, Seung?Eun) 한국웰니스학회 2021 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 이완요법(아우토겐 훈련)이 간호대학생의 스트레스와 스트레스 대처방식에 미치는 효과를 파악하기 위한 비 동등성 대조군 사전 사후설계를 이용한 유사 실험 연구로, 연구대상자는 서울시 소재 S 간호대학교 재학생인 실험군 12명과 대조군 12명이었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 24.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였고, x² test, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, paired t-test 분석을 활용하였다. 중재 프로그램은 자기최면 이완요법인 아우토겐 훈련(autogenic training)으로, 총 5회기로 1회기 당 한 시간씩 1주일 간격으로 구성하여 적용하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 이완요법(아우토겐 훈련)이 스트레스에 미치는 영향은 실험군에서 사전 2.94±0.27점에서 사후 2.17±0.64점으로 감소하였으며(t=4.37, p<.001), 스트레스 대처방식은 실험군의 경우 사전 2.61±0.15점에서 사후 3.01±0.27점으로 증가하여 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다(t=-4.29, p=.001). 본 연구에서는 예비간호사인 간호대학생들에게 이완요법(아우토겐 훈련)을 적용하여 스트레스를 감소시키는데 효과적임을 확인함으로써 학교 등 현장의 상황에 맞는 이완 요법(아우토겐 훈련)을 대학생에게 적용하여 스트레스 관리기법의 중재전략으로 유용하게 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다. This study conducted in an attempt to examine the effect of relaxation therapy (autogenic training) on t he stress and stress coping style of nursing college students. This study is a Nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design, Participants were 12 experiment group and 12 control groups. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program, and the x² test, Fisher"s exact test, independent t-test, and paired t-test analysis were used. The intervention program was autogenic training, consisting of five sessions, one hour per session, and applied at intervals of one week. As a result of this study, the effect of relaxation therapy (autogenic training) is stress decreased from 2.94±0.27 points in pre to 2.17±0.64 points in post of the experimental group (t =4.37, p <.001)and stress Coping Styles increased from 2.61±0.15 points in pre to 3.01±0.27 points in post of the experimental group (t =-4.29, p =.001). In this study, it was confirmed that relaxation therapy (autogenic training) was reduce stress, so that the stress management technique was applied to university students by applying an relaxation therapy (autogenic training) appropriate to the situation of the field such as school It is expected that it can be usefully used as an intervention strategy.

자궁근종의 양성 폐전이 치료 1례

유애리,문성택,김윤숙,전섭,최승도,선우재근,배동한 순천향의학연구소 2008 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.14 No.2S

..

간호대학 학생의 비판적 사고성향에 관한 조사연구

양승애,정덕유 성인간호학회 2004 성인간호학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: This descriptive - comparison study was conducted to investigate the critical thinking disposition of senior nursing students in three types of nursing program. Method: The convenience sample was drawn from 472 nursing students. Instruments used in this study were made California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory developed by Facione & Facione (1994). Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test with SAS 6.12 program. Result: 1. The total mean score of critical thinking disposition was 279.06. Inquisitiveness was the highest with an mean score 45.50, while systematicity was the lowest with mean score of 36.15. There was a statistically significant difference in critical thinking disposition(F=14.36, p=.00) according to senior nursing students in three types of nursing programs. 2. There was a statistically significant difference in critical thinking disposition(F=5.53, p=.00) according to age, marital status(t=-3.15, p=.00). religion(F=3.26, p=.02) and critical thinking course taken previously(t=3.10, p=.00). Conclusion: There was a statistically significant difference in critical thinking disposition(F=14.36, p=.00) according to senior nursing students in three types of nursing program. There was a statistically significant difference in Critical thinking disposition according to age, marital status, religion, logic, philosophy, critical thinking course.

해바라기의 初期成長過程에 미치는 光條件 및 營養段階의 影響

宋承達,徐惠愛 慶北大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.41 No.-

To elucidate the mechanism of the early development of plant community, the important factors on the primary productivity and growth characteristics of Helianthus annuus L. "Taiyo" were investigated with treatments of nutrient gradients of 0, 1, 3, 10 and 20 fold concentrations of the standard Boysen-Jensen medium under natural light and shading conditions. The maximum growth of plant height, leaf area and dry-matter standing crop was obtained in the medium of 3 fold B. J. concentration. The C/F ratio showed the smallest value on 18th day after sowing, the LA/R and T/R ratios in the shading condition increased 2-3 times as high as those in the natural light, indicating the reduced growth rate of root system. The distributional ratios of dry-matter to each organ showed different patterns in natural light and shading- conditions, and reduced in the root system with higher nutrient gradients. The maximum values of RGR and NAR were 0.241 g·dw·g^-1·day^-1 and 15·6×10 exp (-3)㎎·dw·dm^-2·day^-1 with the treatment of B. J. 10 gradient, respectively during 11-18 and 18-25 days after sowing. But the values under shading condition were as those under natural light. The assimilation of total nitrogen quantity showed the maximum with the treatments of B. J. 3 and B. J. 10 gradients under natural light and shading conditions, respectively. The C/N ratio decreased from 30 in the control stand to 13 in the stands with higher nutrient gradients, and it decreased to 10 in the shading condition. The changes of C/F (3.5-8.4) and T/R (5-70) ratios of total nitrogen quantity showed extremely high values along the gradient treatments in comparing with those of dry-matter. The RGR and NAR of total nitrogen quantity showed similar patterns with those of dry-matter along the gradient treatments.

마약길항제의 방출 제어형 제제 (제1보) : 생체분해성 polyphosphazenes의 합성과 나록손 이식제제의 제조 및 용출특성 Synthesis of Biodegradable Polyphosphazenes and Preparation and Release Characteristics of Naloxone Implant

박주애,이승진,김형국,김길수 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1995 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.5

For the administration of narcotic antagonist with short half-life and low patient compliance. the sustained release system using biodegradable matrix is effective. Polyphosphazenes are of considerable interest as biodegradable matrix systems for controlled release of drugs. In this study. biodegradable polyphosphazenes available for the sustained release implantable device were synthesized. and their application was examined. Poly〔dichlorophosphazene〕 was synthesized by solution polymerization method and confirmed with IR spectrum. Poly〔bis(ethyl glycinate) phosphazene〕 and poly[(diethyl glutamate)-co-(ethyl glycinate)phosphazene] were then produced by substitution of amino acid alkyl esters for chloride side groups. Using these polymers. the implantable devices of 1 ㎜ thickness and l0 × 10 ㎜ size containing naloxone hydrochloride were prepared and their release and degradation profiles were measured. In the case of poly〔bis(ethyl glycinate)phosphazene〕 with swelling characteristics, degradation rate was slower than the release rate, showing that the release rate is partly dependent on the swelling rate. In contrast, the degradation rate of poly〔(diethyl glutamate)-co-(ethyl glycinate)phos-phazene〕 matrix was identical with release rate of naloxone hydrochloride. On the basis of these results, it is expected that these polymers can be applied to sustained release implantable systems delivering narcotic antagonist.

새우젖의 呈味成分에 關한 硏究 : Ⅰ. Degradation of Nucleotides and their Related compounds in small shrimp during Fermentation 第1報. 새우젓 熟成中의 核酸關聯物質의 變化

鄭承鏞,金恩愛 慶尙大學校 1976 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

새우젓의 呈味成分 및 微生物相을 밝혀 食品學的인 基礎資料를 얻기 위하여 西海 産 젓새우를 原料로 하여 우선 새우젓 熟成중의 核酸關聯物質의 變化를 實驗하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 젓갈 熟成중 ADP, AMP 및 IMP는 현저히 減少하고, 反面 hypozanthine은 熟成 27日만에 월등히 增加되었다가 72日에는 약간 減少되었다. 새우젓에는 hypoxanthine의 含量이 비교적 많으므로 새우젓의 獨特한 맛에 어떤 구실을 할 것이라고 보아진다. In Korea fermented fish and shellfish have traditionally been favored and consumed as seasonings or further processed for fish sauce. Three major items in production quantity among more than thrity kinds which are presently available i the market are fermented anchovy, oyser and small shrimp. They are usually used as a seasoning mixtrue of Kimchi in order to provide a distinctive flavor. Fermented smal shrimp, Acetes chinensis is most widely and largely used and occupies an important position in food industry of this country. But no study on its taste compounds has beeen reported. This study was attempted to estblish the basic ata for evaluating taste compounds of fermented samll shrimp. The changes of such compounds during fermentation as nucleotides and their related compounds were analysed. The samples were prepared with three different salt contents of 20, 30 and 40% to obtain the proper degree of fermentation at a controlled temperature of 20+2℃. The results are summarized as follows: ADP, AMP and IMP tended to degrade rapidly while hypoxanthine incresed remarkably at 27 day fermentation but slightly decreased at 72 day fermentation. It is presumed that the chracteristic flavor of fermented small shrimp might be attribted to the relatively higher content of hypozanthine.

청소년 볼링 선수들의 경기 대처 기술요인 분석

이영애,유승준,이용식,신철호,현승권 한국학교체육학회 2002 한국학교 체육학회지 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 청소년 볼링 선수들의 경기 대처 기술 요인의 구조를 밝히는 것으로 이를 바탕으로 볼링선수들의 성공적인 수행을 예상하여 경기력을 향상 시키는데 그 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적에 맞추어 본 연구는 우수선수와 비 우수선수의 심리적 기술 요인을 측정하기 위하여 Smith, Schutz, Smoll, Ptacek(1995)에 의해 개발된 선수들의 대처기술(ACSI-25: the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28)척도를 국내 실정에 맞게 번안하여 심리측정적 타당도를 검증한 후 사용하였다. 각 요인별 타당도와 신뢰도를 화보하기 위하여 요인분석을 실시한 결과 16문항 6요인으로 분류되었으며, 분류된 6개의 심리기술 요인을 성취욕구, 걱정, 코칭능력, 목표설정, 역경대처, 집중력으로 명명하였다. 이 후 각각의 배경변인(성별, 우수여부, 학년)에 따른 각 요인별로 three-way MANOVA분석 결과 6개 요인에 대한 배경변인의 차이는 발견되지 않았다. This study aims to provide information on how to improve bowlers capacity by examining amateur bowlers athletic coping skill factors. A test paper on the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28(ACSI-28) developed by Smith, Schutz, Smoll, and Ptacek(1995) is used in order to measure the athletic coping skill factors of excellent as well as mediocre players. This paper is adapted for the domestic situation, with its appropriateness for measuring the bowlers mental state verified. Crombach's α result is used in classifying 16 questions and 6 factors, with factor analysis done in order to secure the appropriateness and credibility by each factor The six factors are: accomplishment desire, worry, coaching ability, goal setting, coping with adversity, and concentration, A statistic analysis is then conducted according to environmental variables such as sex, excellence, and grade. Based on the analysis, the following conclusions are derived: The factor analysis reveals six athletic coping skill factors of bowlers, e,g,, accomplishment desire, worry, coaching ability, goal setting, coping with adversity, and concentration. A three-way MANOVA analysis per three environment variables (sex, grades, and excellency) for the six athletic coping skill factors (accomplishment desire, worry, coaching ability, goal setting, coping with adversity, and concentration) reveals that environment variables do not cause any difference in the psychological technique factors of bowlers. In order to verify the effect of a bowlers maturity on the six athletic coping skill factors (accomplishment desire, worry, coaching ability, goal setting coping with adversity, and concentration), multiple regression analysis is done with a multi-step method, using predicative variables and athletic coping skill factors as reference variables. The result shows that the bowlers level of maturity is evident in goal setting and coping with adversity.

율피, 솔잎, 호프의 아세톤 추출물의 항산화작용

오승희,김용욱,김명애 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.4

The extracts 70% acetone from chestnut inner shell, pine needle and hop flower were added to soybean oil, lard, soybean oil-water emulsion and lard-water emulsion in order to test the antioxidant activity compared with α-tocopherol, respectively. Induction period was determined by Rancimat and the antioxidant activities were recorded in the order of pine needle〉chestnut inner shell〉hop〉tocopherol in the soybean oil, and in the order of tocopherol〉chestnut inner shell〉pine needle〉hop in the lard treatment. These three extracts showed similar high antioxidant activity by peroxide value test in soybean oil, soybean oil-water emulsion, lard and lard water emulsion, respectively. The chestnut inner shell extract would be the highest antioxidant agent among the extracts tested in this study. Ellagic acid of chestnut inner shell and flavanol of pine needle would increase the antioxidant activity according to analysis result of polyphenol compound, respectively.

초등학생들의 곤충에 대한 개념 인지도 및 오개념 형성 원인 분석

이정애,홍승호 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2008 교과교육학연구 Vol.12 No.3

본 연구는 초등학교 과학과 생명영역의 ‘곤충’에 관한 초등학생들의 개념 인지도와 오개념 형성원인을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 ‘곤충’과 관련된 단원에서 개념을 추출하여 검사 도구로 이용하였으며, 설문 조사는 초등학교 5~6학년 400명을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 설문 조사 결과 18개 문항 중6개 문항에서 40% 이상의 높은 오답율을 보였다. 이러한 곤충의 오개념에 대한 형성 요인으로는 내적 요인 중 미숙한 인지발달, 성급한 일반화, 잘못된 유추 과정, 직관적 사고 등에 의한 것으로 볼 수 있으며, 외적 요인으로는 자연현상에 대한 경험이나 문화적 경험의 부족, 언어의 모호성, 교과서 등 복합적으로 작용하여 형성된 것으로 판단된다. 성별 간 개념의 인지도는 여학생들이 남학생들에 비해 오답율이 높게 나타났다. 그 까닭은 대다수의 여학생들이 남학생들보다 곤충을 징그러워하거나 무서워하는 경향이 높아 그와 관련된 개념 습득에도 어려움이 있는 것으로 해석된다. 도시학생과 농촌학생 간의 답변 빈도에 있어서는 5개의 문항에서 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 곤충에 대한 지식을 도시학생들은 주로 서적, 농촌학생들은 주로 생활 주변의 경험을 통해서 얻고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 최근의 우리 생활이 서구화가 급속도로 이루어진 만큼 도시나 인터넷 문화에 적응되면서 자연환경에서의 학습이 과거보다 덜 이루어지고 있는 것이 사실이다. 따라서 ‘곤충’에 대한 오개념을 교정하기 위해서는 현장학습을 통하여 실제의 관찰이 무엇보다도 필요하다고 보며,교실에서도 올바른 과학적 개념 정립을 위하여 구성주의나 개념변화 학습모형 등을 적용하여 학생들에게 적절한 갈등유발을 유도할 수 있도록 힘써야 할 것이다. The purposes of this study were to investigate the misconception proportion and the reasons on 'insects' in the elementary school students. The study subjects were composed of 400 average students of urban and rural in Jeju province. A questionnaire was made of 18 test questions for examination of concepts in 'insects'. The data obtained in this study were analyzed by SPSS statistical program. The major results were as follows: The cognitive proportion on 'insects' was low, especially in 6 questions. The reasons of the misconceptions in this study were classified into an immature cognitive factors, a misapprehension of consciousness, hasty decision and deduction, the wrong analogical inference, mass communications (TV or internet), experimental difference in nature and culture, vagueness of the language, and textbook. On the other hand, the misconception proportion of female students was higher than that of male students in 6 questions. As the possible explanation for the difference of the misconception proportion, female students are due to dislike and creepy on 'insects' compared to male students. Another possibility is that these differences can be influenced by the difference of experiment in nature on 'insects'. In comparison of concepts between rural and urban students, there were similar to each other. To correct the misconceptions on 'insects', therefore, it needs to do inquiry activities, explanation of various examples, discussion activities through small groups, induction of complications for conceptual change learning, and so on. Data from this study may help teachers carrying out education for elementary students to reconsider their conceptions on 'insects'.