Development of a Monitoring System for Water-borne Bacteria by a Molecular Technique, PCR-RELP-sequence Analysis

이혜영,--,--,--,--,--,-- THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 2003 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.9 No.3

Since water borne infection causes acute diseases and results in spread of diseases by secondary infection, the prevention is very important. Therefore, it is necessary to have a method that is rapid and effective to monitor pathogenic bacteria in drinking water. In this study, we employed a systematic method, Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis, to develop an effective monitoring system for possible bacterial contaminants in drinking water. For this purpose, PCR primers were derived from 992 bp region of the 16s rRNA gene that is highly conserved through the different species of prokaryotes. To test whether the PCR primers designed are indeed useful for detecting all the possible microbial contaminants in the water, the primers were used to amplify 16s rRNA regions of different microbial water-borne pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella, Yersinia, Listeria, and Staphylococcus. As expected, all of tested microorganisms amplified expected size of PCR products indicating designed PCR primers for 16s rRNA indeed can be useful to amplify all different microbial water-borne pathogens in the water. Furthermore, to test whether these 16s rRNA based PCR primers can detect bacterial populations present in the water, water samples taken from diverse sources, such as river, tap, and sewage, were used for amplification. PCR products were for then subjected for cloning into a T-vector to generate a library containing 16s rRNA sequences from various bacteria. With cloned PCR products, RFLP analysis was done using PCR products digested with restriction enzyme such as Hae Ⅲ to obtain species-specific RFLP profiles. After PCR-RFLP, the bacterial clones which showed the same RFLP profiles were regarded as the same ones, and the clones which showed distinctive RFLP profiles were subsequently subjected for sequence analysis for species identification. By this PCR-RFLP analysis, we were able to reveal diverse populations of bacteria living in water. In brief, in unsterilized natural river water, over 60 different species of bacteria were found. On the other hand, no PCR products were detected in drinking tap-water. The results from this study clearly indicate that the PCR-RFLP-sequence analysis can be a useful method for monitoring diverse, perhaps pathogenic bacteria contaminated in water in a rapid fashion.

Microbial Contamination Analysis in Kimchi and Its Ingredients for Food Safety Improvement

Ji-Hyun Lee,Su-Ji Kim,Hae-Won Lee,Ye-Seul Hwang,Jae Yong Lee,Sung Hyun Kim,Won-Bo Shim 한국식품영양과학회 2015 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2015 No.8

Complexity of automotive HMI systems

Seul Chan Lee,Hwan Hwangbo,Ji Man Kim,Meen Jong Kim,Yong Gu Ji 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

With the continuous advancement of vehicle information technology, todays automotive human-machine interface (HMI) systems show more complicated and dynamic aspect than traditional driving systems. Along with the phenomenon, the types and amount of in-vehicle information rapidly increases, engendering concerns about driver’s safety issues. Various existing studies have conducted experiments about in-vehicle task performance and information behavior in the field of human factors. However, an integrative approach to automotive HMI that entails various information design factor such as amount, layout, type and its relationship with human characteristics, is still in need. In this study, we proposed the concept of ‘Complexity’ to provide generalizable implications in order to various applications of HMI as well as its complex relationships with human operator. By far the concept of complexity in human factor research has been limitedly discussed within specialized domains and contexts, where highly skilled experts are required, such as aircraft cockpit or nuclear power plant control room. Throughout this study, we performed extensive cross-disciplinary literature review about complexity in an attempt to define and classify the concept of complexity in the perspective of human factor and human computer interaction (HCI). The definitions of complexity have varied in accordance with academic fields, and its applications are different depending on the scale and scope of target systems. The concept of complexity in automotive HMI systems is defined in our study drawing on literature review and result of classification. Considerations for applying the concept into human factor research are also derived.

Analysis of Microbiological Contamination in Kimchi and Its Ingredients

Ji-Hyun Lee,Ji-Hyoung Ha,Hae-Won Lee,Jae Yong Lee,Ye-Seul Hwang,Hee Min Lee,Sung Hyun Kim,Su-Ji Kim 한국식품위생안전성학회 2018 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구에서는 김치 제조시 철저한 재료 세척의 필요성을 확인하고, 더불어 비가열 식품인 김치의 위생 안전성 실태를 파악하여 효율적 미생물 저감화 방안을 마련하고자 국내에서 유통되는 김치 원·부재료 200건의 세척 전과 후의 비교분석과 시판 김치 100건에 대하여 미생물 분석을 실시하였다. 김치 원·부재료 및 완제품에 대하여 일반 세균수, 대장균 및 대장균군을 모니터링 하였으며, 병원성 미생물 9종(Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens 정성·정 량, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes 정성)을 분석 하였다. 모니터링 결과, 김치 원· 부재료 및 완제품에서 일반세균은 1.4~9.0 log CFU/g 수준 으로 확인되었으며, 원·부재료 중 생강에서 8.8 log CFU/g, 완제품 중 총각김치에서 9.0 log CFU/g으로 일반세균이 가장 높게 나타났다. 대장균군은 0.5~7.3 log CFU/g으로 확 인되었으며, 생강에서 7.3 log CFU/g으로 가장 높게 나타 났고, 병원성 미생물 9종의 분석결과, Bacillus cereus를 제 외한 나머지 8종의 식중독균은 모든 시료에서 검출되지 않았다. 김치 제조 시 사용되는 김치 원·부재료들의 세척 공정 후 미생물 수는 일반세균수 0.2~3.2 log CFU/g, 대장 균군 0.3~2.7 log CFU/g, Bacillus cereus 1.0~3.9 log CFU/g 감소하였다. 따라서, 김치 원·부재료의 세척 공정으로 미생물 오염도를 감소 시켰으며, 이 결과를 통하여 김치 완 제품의 위생 및 저장성 증진에 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 확인되었다. Although Kimchi has health benefits, food poisoning associated with consumption of Kimchi has been frequently reported. Accordingly, microbiological properties of Kimchi (100 samples) and washing effects on microbial reduction against its ingredients (200 samples) were examined. Total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Clostridium perfringens were quantified. In addition, B. cereus, Salmonella spp., Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, C. perfringens, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Yersinia enterocolitica were analysed qualitatively. Total aerobic bacteria count was approximately 1.4-9.0 log CFU/g, which were highest in ginger (8.8 log CFU/g), and Chonggak Kimchi (9.0 log CFU/g). The range of coliform counts detected in all raw materials was 0.5-7.3 log CFU/g and ginger showed the greatest number 7.3 log CFU/g among others. Contamination was decreased to 0.2-3.2, 0.3-2.7, and 1.0-3.9 log CFU/ g for total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and B. cereus, respectively, after washing. Minimising microbial contamination in Kimchi ingredients is necessary to ensure the safety of Kimchi. These results indicate that washing is a useful method to reduce bacterial contamination in Kimchi.

[P8-322] Relative Contribution of Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-beta and Glutathione Level in Phase 2 Detoxifying/Antioxidant Enzyme Induction in Response to Antioxidants and Oxidative stress

Ji Yeon Seo,Jung Hwa Han,Ye-Seul Hong,Jia Park,Dae Hwan Nam,Ji Sun Lim,Hyo Jung Kim,Soon Sung Lim,Choong Hwan Lee,Jung Han Yoon Park,Jong-Sang Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2010 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2010 No.10

Effect of physical treatments on antigenicity of gliadin in wheat flour and dough

Ji-Hee KWAK,Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri KIM,Chung-Jo LEE,Min-Ji KIM,Moon-Kyong CHOI,Dong-Hyun KIM,Chan SUNWOO,Seul-A JUNG,Ju-Youn KANG,Hyun-Ji KIM,Dong-Hyun AHN 한국생물공학회 2011 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.4

Evaluation of Barley and Wheat Germplasm for Resistance to Head Blight and Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum

Seul Gi Baek(Seul Gi Baek),Jin Ju Park(Jin Ju Park),Sosoo Kim(Sosoo Kim),Mi-Jeong Lee(Mi-Jeong Lee),Ji-Seon Paek(Ji-Seon Paek),Jangnam Choi(Jangnam Choi),Ja Yeong Jang(Ja Yeong Jang),Jeomsoon Kim(Jeom 한국식물병리학회 2022 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.38 No.6

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most serious diseases in barley and wheat, as it is usually accompanied by the production of harmful mycotoxins in the grains. To identify FHB-resistant breeding resources, we evaluated 60 elite germplasm accessions of barley (24) and wheat (36) for FHB and mycotoxin accumulation. Assessments were performed in a greenhouse and five heads per accession were inoculated with both Fusarium asiaticum (Fa73, nivalenol producer) and F. graminearum (Fg39, deoxynivalenol producer) strains. While the accessions varied in disease severity and mycotoxin production, four wheat and one barley showed <20% FHB severity repeatedly by both strains. Mycotoxin levels in these accessions ranged up to 3.9 mg/ kg. FHB severity was generally higher in barley than in wheat, and Fa73 was more aggressive in both crops than Fg39. Fg39 itself, however, was more aggressive toward wheat and produced more mycotoxin in wheat than in barley. FHB severity by Fa73 and Fg39 were moderately correlated in both crops (r = 0.57/0.60 in barley and 0.42/0.58 in wheat). FHB severity and toxin production were also correlated in both crops, with a stronger correlation for Fa73 (r = 0.42/0.82 in barley, 0.70 in wheat) than for Fg39.

Anticancer and Antioxidative Activities of Corn Silks Methanol Extracts Containing Glycoside Flavonoids

Seul Lee,Mi Ja Chung,Sun-Lim Kim,Doo Jin Choi,Chang Won Lee,Ji Sun Lee,Ji Won Choi,Yong Il Park 한국당과학회 2012 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1

Anticancer and antioxidative activities of corn silks methanol extracts (CS-Me) containing glycoside flavonoids were examined. A corn variety was grown at the field of National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Suwon, Korea. Before the silk-stage, ears of corn were covered with paper-bag to prevent pollination, and after 3-5 days unpollinated corn silks (female inflorescence) were collected and air-dried. The dried corn silks were extracted with MeOH and washed several times with water and then freeze-dried. The crude extract obtained was analyzed by reverse phase HPLC using C18 column and showed that it contains several phenolic compounds with glycoside flavonoids as major ones. This crude extract (CS- Me) was tested for anticancer and antioxidative activities. The anticancer activity of the corn silk extract toward PC-3 (human prostate cancer cell, ATCC No. CRL-1435™), A549 (carcinomic human lung alveolar basal epithelial cell, ATCC No. CCL-185™) and HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma cell, ATCC No. HB-8065™), HT-29 (human colon cancer cell, HTB-38), and MKN45 (human gastric cancer cell, 80103) cell lines was examined by determining the inhibitory effect of cell growth. Cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) heat-inactivated FBS and 1% penicillin–streptomycin. The cells were maintained at 37oC under 5% CO2 and subcultured twice a week. For anticancer activity, cells were subcultured in 96-well plates at a density of 5 x 104 cells per well. After monolayer cultivation for 24 h, the medium was removed and replaced with 100 ul of the maintenance medium (MM) containing 2% FBS. Cells were then incubated for 24 h with different concentrations (0 – 200 ug/ml) of CS-Me dissolved in PBS or water. The cell viability was then determined by MTT assay at 570 nm. It was noticeable that the CS-Me showed the most significant inhibition of the cell growth against MKN45 cells while its effect was not significant toward other cell lines tested. The CS-Me inhibited MKN45 cell growth by about 40% and 60% at the concentrations of 50 and 100 ug/ml, respectively. Although it is quite preliminary, this result suggested that the crude methanol extract of corn silk may have a potent anticancer effect against human gastric cancer. Further characterizations of this extract may lead to identification of a potent therapeutic compounds for the prevention and/or decreasing the severity of gastric cancer. On the other hand, pretreatment of HepG2 cells with CS-Me dose dependently reduced the cytotoxicity of H2O2 and the intracellular ROS level. CS-Me also a significant DPPH radical scavenging activity and stimulated the expression of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that CS-Me has antioxidative activity.

Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for the Utilization of Hemicellulose

Seul Ji AN,Ki Jun JEONG 한국생물공학회 2012 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2012 No.9

Reduction of mitochondria derived superoxide by Mito-TEMPO improves the porcine oocyte maturation

Seul-Gi Yang,Hyo-Jin Park,Jin-Woo Kim,Min-Ji Kim,Ho-Guen Jegal,In-Su Kim,Min-Young Guk,Sun-Mi Park,Ji-Eun Lee,Deog-Bon Koo,Joung Jun Park 한국수정란이식학회 2018 한국수정란이식학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.11

In general, the shape of cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) at germinal vesicle (GV) stage is important roles on meiotic maturation of porcine oocyte during in vitro maturation (IVM). Then, mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide from electron transport system during oocyte maturation. ROS levels on oocytes are regulated by various antioxidant enzymes in cumulus cells (CCs). However, the effect of mitochondria derived superoxide production from CCs during IVM of porcine oocyte has not been reported. Firstly, we divided groups according to large number of CCs (Grade 1: G1) and small number of CCs (Grade 2: G2). Then, we counted cumulus cells of G1 and G2 oocyte by using haemocytometer. The oocyte maturation rate was significant decreased (p < 0.05) in G2 oocytes than that of G1 oocytes. We measured mitochondria derived superoxide in G1 and G2 COCs by using Mito-SOX staining. Mitochondrial superoxide was higher in G2 COCs than G1 COCs. Then, the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, SOD2 and PRDX3) in G2 COCs were decreased compared to G1 COCs. To reduce mitochondria derived superoxide, we used Mito-TEMPO as mitochondrial superoxide scavenger. Oocyte maturation rates in both G1 and G2 groups treated with Mito-TEMPO were increased than that of non-treated groups. Mitochondrial superoxide was lower in G1 and G2 groups treated with Mito-TEMPO than that of non-treatment groups. The mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzymes in G1 and G2 COCs treated with Mito-TEMPO were increased compared to non-treated groups. Based on these findings, we suggest that reduction of mitochondria derived superoxide by Mito-TEMPO assists maturation competence in porcine oocytes.