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Juan Rulfo : Su vida, su tiempo y su obra
Sergio Lopez Mena 서울대학교 스페인중남미연구소 2005 이베로아메리카硏究 Vol.16 No.-
En la narrativa mexicana del siglo XX, en la que destacan Mariano Azuela, Martín Luis Guzmán, José Revueltas, Agustín Yáñez, Juan José Arreola y Juan Rulfo, este último sobresale por la autenticidad de su lenguaje y el carácter renovador de sus propuestas literarias. La vida de Rulfo abarca una etapa crucial de la historia contemporánea de México, la de la institucionalización de la Revolución Mexicana, época en que florece culturalmente el nacionalismo. En sus cuentos, expresión de una mentalidad de los hombres del campo, Rulfo construyó con intensidad seres en situación límite, con la violencia como signo más evidente. En su novela Pedro Páramo, está la idiosincrasia de un amplio grupo social, pero además la profundización en los misterios del hombre universal, particularmente en la veta de la pasión amorosa. Novela dialógica, desprovista del tradicional punto de vista moralizante, es Pedro Páramo una obra auténtica, de fina poesía. Por otra parte, la obra fotográfica de Rulfo, que lo muestra como un experto en ese arte, da testimonio del México de todos los tiempos, con la pobreza de su gente, la aridez de sus campos, la ternura de sus indígenas.
Sergio M. Navarro,William Case Frankel,Heather S. Haeberle,Prem N. Ramkumar 대한척추신경외과학회 2018 Neurospine Vol.15 No.3
Objective: Increased surgical volume has been associated with improved patient outcomes at the surgeon and hospital level. To date, clinically meaningful stratified volume benchmarks have yet to be defined for surgeons or hospitals in the context of spinal fusion surgery. The objective of this study was to establish evidence-based thresholds using outcomes and cost to stratify surgeons and hospitals performing spinal fusion surgery by volume. Methods: Using 155,788 patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery, we created and applied 4 models using stratum-specific likelihood ratio (SSLR) analysis of a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. This statistical approach was used to generate 4 sets of volume thresholds predictive of increased length of stay (LOS) and increased cost for surgeons and hospitals. Results: SSLR analysis of the 2 ROC curves by annual surgical volume produced 3 or 4 distinct volume categories. Analysis of LOS by annual surgeon spinal fusion volume produced 4 strata: low, medium, high, and very high. Analysis of LOS by annual hospital spinal fusion volume produced 3 strata: low, medium, and high. No relationship between volume and cost could be clearly defined based on the generation of ROC curves for surgeons or hospitals offering spinal fusion. Conclusion: This study used evidence-based thresholds to identify a direct, variable relationship model between volume and outcomes of spinal fusion surgery, using LOS as a surrogate, for both surgeons and hospitals. A fixed relationship model was identified between surgeon and hospital volume and cost, as no statistically meaningful relationship could be established.
A novel excisional wound pain model for evaluation of analgesics in rats
( Sergio Parra ),( Vaidehi J. Thanawala ),( Ajay Rege ),( Heather Giles ) 대한통증학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.34 No.2
Background: Management of pain from open wounds is a growing unmet healthcare need. However, the models available to study pain from wounds or to develop analgesics for the patients suffering from them have primarily relied on incisional models. Here, we present the first characterized and validated model of open wound pain. Methods: Unilateral full-skin excisional punch biopsy wounds on rat hind paws were evaluated for evoked pain using withdrawal responses to mechanical and thermal stimulation, and spontaneous pain was measured using hind paw weight distribution and guarding behavior. Evaluations were done before wounding (baseline) and 2-96 hours post-wounding. The model was validated by testing the effects of buprenorphine and carprofen. Results: Pain responses to all tests increased within 2 hours post-wounding and were sustained for at least 4 days. Buprenorphine caused a reversal of all four pain responses at 1 and 4 hours post-treatment compared to 0.9% saline (P < 0.001). Carprofen decreased the pain response to thermal stimulation at 1 (P ≤ 0.049) and 4 hours (P < 0.011) post-treatment compared to 0.9% saline, but not to mechanical stimulation. Conclusions: This is the first well-characterized and validated model of pain from open wounds and will allow study of the pathophysiology of pain in open wounds and the development of wound-specific analgesics.
A probabilistic analysis of Miner’s law for different loading conditions
Sergio Blasón,José A.F.O. Correia,Abílio M.P. De Jesus,Rui A.B. Calçada,Alfonso Fernández-Canteli 국제구조공학회 2016 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.60 No.1
In this paper, the normalized variable V=(log N-B)(log Δσ-C), as derived from the probabilistic S-N field of Castillo and Canteli, is taken as a reference for calculation of damage accumulation and probability of failure using the Miner number in scenarios of variable amplitude loading. Alternative damage measures, such as the classical Miner and logarithmic Miner, are also considered for comparison between theoretical lifetime prediction and experimental data. The suitability of this approach is confirmed for it provides safe lifetime prediction when applied to fatigue data obtained for riveted joints made of a puddle iron original from the Fão bridge, as well as for data from experimental programs published elsewhere carried out for different materials (aluminium and concrete specimens) under distinct variable loading histories.
Sergio Hernando Mina-Riascos,Gonzalo Vitagliano,Herney Andrés García-Perdomo 대한비뇨의학회 2020 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.61 No.5
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of partial nephrectomy (PN) without ischemia compared with PN with warm ischemia for reducing the deterioration in renal function in patients with cT1 renal tumors. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review that included patients over 18 years of age who underwent PN with or without warm ischemia for cT1 renal tumors. The primary outcome was impaired renal function. A search strategy was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL, the article reference lists, and the unpublished literature to reach saturation of the information. We assessed the risk of bias with the methodological index for nonrandomized studies (MINORS) tool, and we performed a meta-analysis according to the type of variable. Results: We found a total of 5,682 articles, of which 14 met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies evaluated renal function, identifying a difference in means (MD) of 3.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 5.83), favoring no ischemia. We did not find any significant differences regarding intraoperative bleeding or operative time (MD, 55 mL; 95% CI, −33.16 to 144.08; and MD, 1.87; 95% CI, −20.47 to 24.21; respectively). Conclusions: In this study, PN without ischemia showed a decrease in deterioration of the estimated glomerular filtration rate compared with warm ischemia.
Sergio De Salvatore,Gianluca Vadalà,Leonardo Oggiano,Fabrizio Russo,Luca Ambrosio,Pier Francesco Costici 대한척추신경외과학회 2021 Neurospine Vol.18 No.1
Objective: Preoperative planning in spine surgery is a fundamental step of the surgical workup and is often assisted by direct visualization of anatomical 2-dimensional images. This process is time-consuming and may excessively approximate the 3-dimensional (3D) nature of spinal anatomy. Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology capable of reconstructing an interactive 3D anatomical model that can be freely explored and manipulated. Methods: Sixty patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis underwent correction of the scoliotic curve by posterior arthrodesis after preoperative planning using traditional on-screen visualization of computed tomography scans (control group, n=30) or exploration of a 3D anatomical model in VR using Google Cardboard (Google Inc.) (VR group, n=30). Mean operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, and surgeon’s satisfaction were assessed after surgery. Results: The use of VR led to a significant decrease in operative time and bleeding while increasing the surgeon’s satisfaction compared to the control group. Conclusion: Preoperative planning with VR turned out to be effective in terms of operative time and blood loss reduction. Moreover, such technology proved to be reproducible, cost-effective, and more satisfactory compared to conventional planning.
Sergio De Gasperi,Michael Nelhiebel,Dieter Haerle,Andrea Baschirotto 전력전자학회 2022 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.22 No.9
An on-chip solution for health monitoring of semiconductor power switches subjected to thermo-mechanical metal fatigue degradation is proposed. The fatigue detection relies on the correlation between the progress of the main failure mechanism, which is critical to the functionality of the device, and a parallel degradation of a non-critical sensing structure using a different mechanism. Both mechanisms are driven by the same cyclic thermo-mechanical load. This study specifically develops a sensing structure for detecting power metallization aging through electrically detectable ratcheting behavior in the routing metal layer underneath. Experiments have been carried out on a dedicated test structure with electrical sensing of the health monitoring structure. Meanwhile, the main degradation progress was observed via scanning electron microscopy in regular intervals. Results show that the proposed approach will reliably work only for detecting degradation driven by repeated high overload events.