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Park Yoojin,Huh In Sil,Lee Jaekyung,Kang Cho Ryok,조성일,Ham Hyon Jeen,Kim Hea Sook,Kim Jung-il,나백주,Lee Jin Yong,Seoul Metropolitan Government COVID-19 Rapid Response (SCoRR) Team 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.45
Background: Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, a total of 637 patients had been diagnosed with the disease in Seoul as of May 2, 2020. Our study aimed to describe the impact of the 3T strategies (preemptive testing, prompt tracing and proper treatment) on the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Seoul. Methods: The descriptive and explanatory analysis was carried out on critical indicators such as epidemiological characteristics and key duration of patient status change from January 24 to May 2 in Seoul before and after preemptive testing for patients under investigation associated with COVID-19 clusters. Results: Preemptive testing increased the positive test rate (3.9% to 4.2%), an asymptomatic case at diagnosis (16.9% to 30.6%), and reduced the time from symptom onset to quarantine (4.0 to 3.0 days). Prompt tracing decreased unknown sources of infection (6.9% to 2.8%), the mean number of contacts (32.2 to 23.6), and the time-varying reproduction number R(t) (1.3 to 0.6). With proper treatment, only 2 cases of mortality occurred, resulting in a fatality rate of just 0.3%. Conclusion: In the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic lasting 100 days, the effect of the 3T strategies flattened the curve and decreased the time during which infected individuals were contagious, thereby lowering the R(t) below 1 in Seoul.
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Dae-Kee, Kim,Lu Long,Alexi Crosby,Xudong, Yang,Mark Southwood,D. Upton,Nicholas W. Morrell 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2010 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.20
Background— Recent genetic studies have highlighted the role of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It remains unclear whether alterations in these pathways contribute to other forms of pulmonary hypertension and to what extent these changes can be exploited for therapeutic intervention. Methods and Results— We studied BMP/TGF-β signaling in 2 rat models of PAH due to chronic hypoxia and monocrotaline. In both models, there was a significant reduction in lung BMP type IA receptor and BMP type II receptor mRNA expression, although these changes were more pronounced in the monocrotaline model. This was accompanied by a reduction in lung levels of phospho-Smad1/5 and Id (inhibitor of DNA binding) gene expression in the monocrotaline model. In contrast, we observed increased TGF-β activity, again more marked in the monocrotaline model, as evidenced by increased phospho-Smad2/3 and increased expression of TGF-β–regulated genes. Immunohistochemistry revealed increased TGF-β1 expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and macrophages surrounding remodeled pulmonary arteries in monocrotaline rats. Inhibition of activin receptor-like kinase-5 signaling in vivo with the selective small-molecule inhibitor IN-1233 prevented PAH, right ventricular hypertrophy, and vascular remodeling after monocrotaline injection and inhibited the progression of established PAH in this model. No significant effect was observed in hypoxic PAH. In vitro studies confirmed that TGF-β stimulated migration of distal rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and that this effect was inhibited by IN-1233. Conclusions— Disruption of BMP/TGF-β signaling is more pronounced in the monocrotaline model of PAH than in the chronic hypoxia model. Increased TGF-β activity is associated with greater macrophage recruitment with monocrotaline treatment. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling via activin receptor-like kinase-5 prevents development and progression of PAH in the monocrotaline model and may involve inhibition of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell migration.
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases at Universities and Colleges in Seoul Metropolitan Area
최영준,Kim Yun-Kyung,Seoul Regional Universities COVID-19 Response Working Group 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.45
Background: To facilitate evidence-based policy-making on safe reopening of higher education facilities, there is an urgent need to assess baseline profile of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidents within the university/college settings. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in universities/colleges in Seoul Metropolitan Area during COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: Among the 38 universities in Seoul, 23 have agreed to participate in the study. Confirmed COVID-19 cases were identified from individual-level case reports submitted to the universities and to the health authorities from February 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021. Through the linkage with the Central Disease Control Headquarters' database, number of secondary infected cases (both within and outside of the campus) were counted. Results: Between February 2020 and June 2021, a total of 827 COVID-19 cases were confirmed and reported in the universities across Seoul Metropolitan City. Generally, the communityassociated cases had peaks preceding the university/college-associated. Of those with the documented clinical parameters, 38.6% of the cases were asymptomatic. Among them, 93% were potentially exposed off-campus, and 87.7% of the cases had not produced the secondary infection cases. Conclusion: In the setting of rigorous infection prevention measures in combination with on- and off- hybrid classes, COVID-19 incidences and outbreaks were limited in university and college campus area across Seoul Metropolitan Area. The evidence around the infection preventive measures in higher education facilities in Seoul Metropolitan Area, suggest insignificant impact on community transmission.
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Portal Vein Thrombosis in Minimal Change Disease
Gyuri Kim,Gyuri Kim,Su Jin Heo,Yoen Kyung Kee,Seung Hyeok Han 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2014 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.37 No.2
Among the possible venous thromboembolic events in nephrotic syndrome, renal vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are common, while portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is rare. This report describes a 26-year-old man with histologically proven minimal change disease (MCD) complicated by PVT. The patient presented with epigastric pain and edema. He had been diagnosed with MCD five months earlier and achieved complete remission with corticosteroids, which were discontinued one month before the visit. Full-blown relapsing nephrotic syndrome was evident on laboratory and clinical findings, and an abdominal computed tomography revealed PVT. He immediately received immunosuppressants and anticoagulation therapy. An eight-week treatment resulted in complete remission, and a follow-up abdominal ultrasonography showed disappearance of PVT. In conclusion, PVT is rare and may not be easily diagnosed in patients with nephrotic syndrome suffering from abdominal pain. Early recognition of this rare complication and prompt immunosuppression and anticoagulation therapy are encouraged to avoid a fatal outcome.
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Seoul-Hee Nam,Man-Seok Han 한국자기학회 2023 Journal of Magnetics Vol.28 No.4
Fluoride compounds are major substances that inhibit the growth of oral bacteria, increase the hardness of the tooth surface, and promote recalcification. However, caution must be exercised regarding fluoride exposure, as it may cause side effects to the human body due to its toxicity if swallowed. Accordingly, this study was conducted to evaluate the residual amount of fluoride remaining in saliva after using mouthwashes containing high and low fluoride concentrations. After rinsing with five commercially available high-fluoride mouthwashes according to the manufacturer’s instructions, the fluoride concentration remaining in saliva was quantitatively evaluated over time through Fluorine (19F) NMR (magnetic field: 9.4 Tesla) immediately, 1 minute, and 2 minutes later. When gargling with DH 2000 ppm fluoride, the residual salivary fluoride content was 30.3960% immediately after gargling, 0.0041% after 1 minute, and 0.0020% (0.0401 ppm) after 2 minutes; when gargling with EB 1000 ppm, it was 16.5001 % immediately after gargling, 10.6269 % after 1 minute, and 0.0034% after 2 minutes; and when gargling with BS 1000 ppm, it was 17.1169 % immediately after gargling, 13.2337% after 1 minute, and 0.0019% (0.0188 ppm) after 2 minutes. When gargling with LIS 220 ppm, the residual salivary fluoride content was 56.3716 % immediately after gargling, 0.0842% after 1 minute, and 0.0180% (0.0396 ppm) after 2 minutes; and when gargling with R 90 ppm, it was 0.0302% immediately after gargling, 0.0151 % after 1 minute, and 0.0077% (0.0069 ppm) after 2 minutes. Even when mouthwashes containing various fluoride concentrations were used, only the fluoride content of existing normal saliva remained after 2 minutes, confirming that swallowing the saliva is safe and does not affect the human body.
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( Seoul National ) 대한산부인과학회 2019 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.105 No.-
Objective: Dienogest or oral contraceptives(OC) are known to be equally effective to prevent the recurrence of endometriosis postoperatively. However, little has been known about the preoperative use of these agents in ovarian endometriosis. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dienogest and OC for ovarian endometrioma prior to surgery which might cause a decrease of the ovarian reserve. Methods: The medical records of women who visited Gynecology center of Seoul National University Hospital were reviewed from August, 2013 to March, 2019. We enrolled women who were diagnosed with endometrioma by ultrasound or MRI, younger than 45 years, used medication for more than 3 months, and had not undergone surgery. Twenty patients treated with dienogest or OC met the inclusion criteria. All data were collected retrospectively from the medical records, including CA125 and endometrioma size before and after medication. Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson chi-square test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for data analysis. Results: There were no marked differences in the baseline characteristics of dienogest(n=13) and OC(n=7) recipients. The duration of treatment was significantly shorter in dienogset group than OC group(11.9mo vs 24.4mo, p=0.046). Marital status did not differ from type of medication(p=0.174). Dienogest treatment resulted in a clinically significant reduction in CA125(p=0.043), but not in OC group(p=0.237). There was statistically significant decline in size of endometrioma in dienogest(p=0.001) and OC(p=0.013) groups. Conclusions: The results showed that CA125 declined more significantly in the dienogest recipients, and reduction of endometrioma size was similar in both groups. Considering that the duration of the treatment is significantly longer in OC group, dienogest brought better outcome with shorter treatment duration. The limitation of this study is its restricted sample size, due to exclusion of patients who received surgery. *Funding : The present study was supported by grant no 04-2015-0920 from the SNUH Research Fund.
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