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중화인민공화국 물권법(2007년)의 물권변동에 관한 연구
김성수(KIM,Seong-Soo) 한국재산법학회 2010 재산법연구 Vol.27 No.1
In this study we research the real right alternation and transfer system of the Real Right Law in the Peoples Republic of China(2007)(hereafter referred to as real right law, unless otherwise provided). It is also the second part of our previous study, which treated important but a little theoretical problems as to so-called juridical act of real rights and the real rights transfer system in the chinese civil law,mainly focused on its various doctrines and its arguments. But now we will cover the contents of the real rights altenation and its adoption in the chinese law,focusing on the content of legal texts after enactment. After a brief survey of the legislative process and the drafts, we enter the two broad questions accoding to the legal text and its meaning, in some cases, depending on its desirable and logical order. To begin with, the real right law provides the principle of distinction between the result of property rights and its causal acts(articles 15). Next, as to the real rights transfer systems, the law adopts,according to the dominant doctrine,the creation mode of publication,more precisely, the coexistence system of transference will and publication modes. According to the present law, in transferring of immovable property rights caused by juridical acts, in principle, are required an juristic act and its registration (articles 6, 9,14,23 etc.). For example,the creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of a realt right shall be subject to registration in accordance with law(art. 6(1)). On the other hand, in the movable property,an juristic act and its delivery are required(art. 23), which says, unless it is otherwise prescribed by any law, the creation or alienation of the real right of a chattel shall come into effect upon delivery. But in some cases as ships, aircraft etc., is required the registration of movables. The creation, alteration, alienation or termination of the real right of any vessel, aircraft or motor vehicle and so on may not challenge any bona fide third party if it is not registered(art. 24). Nevertheless, there are some exceptions against this principle, which takes the mode of defense of publication(articles 24,129, 158,and 189). We can give some examples like the right to the contracted management of land(art. 129), the easement(art. 158) and the mortgage of the chattels(art. 189) etc. Finally, the transfer caused by non-juridical acts, such as inheritance,judicial decision, etc.(articles 28 to 30) don't require the registration, which is only required on its disposal. Despite this study, it is needed more study about its related topics, such as, unauthorized disposition, unjustified enrichment and bona fide acquisition, inopposability to a third person in good faith in case of a null or voidable juristic act etc,for our systematic compairison of the real rights law between Korea and China.
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Seongsoo Jang,Jaihak Chung,Vithala R. Rao 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7
Customers’ final purchase decisions for electronic products are understandably influenced by previous experiences, marketing messages such as price and promotion, and opinions from other consumers (Simonson and Rosen 2014). In particular, millions of product reviews are posted daily on online review boards or social media represent aggregate consumer preference data (Decker and Trusov 2010). Past studies analyzing online reviews or word-of-mouth (WOM) have focused more on the quantitative dimension of volume of WOM (or “how much people say”), but less on qualitative dimension of valence of WOM (or “what people say”) (Gopinath, Thomas, and Krishnamurthi 2014). However, recent studies have analyzed disaggregate-level UGC by performing text mining in addition to a general analysis of volume and valence of OUGC. Onishi and Manchanda (2012) investigate the relationship between movie sales and both TV advertising and blogs. Although the authors find that the volume and the valence of OUGC (i.e., blogs) are predictive of market outcomes, they retain only certain words (i.e., advertising, award, interesting, and viewed) that consumers would find useful, therefore having general predictive power for market outcomes. Gopinath, Thomas, and Krishnamurthi (2014) address the relationship between the content of online WOM, advertising, and brand performance of cell phones and find that the volume of OUGC does not have significant impact on sales, but only the valence of recommendation UGC has a direct impact. Liu, Singh, and Srinivasan (2015) find that both the volume and sentiments of Tweets do not outperform the information content of Tweets in predicting TV series ratings. Although these three papers have investigated the importance of qualitative UGC through text mining techniques, such studies have not accounted for the detailed dimensions of specific contents. For example, Onishi and Manchanda (2012) use only 4 words out of top 30 frequently cited words for their analysis, and Gopinath, Thomas, and Krishnamurthi (2014) classify the OUGC into three disaggregated dimensions (i.e., attribute, emotion, and recommendation) without further classifications of subcategories and valence of positivity and negativity. Liu, Singh, and Srinivasan (2015) mainly focus on positive and negative Tweet contents about TV shows, lacking further classification of functional and emotional dimensions. In contrast to these studies, this study aims to examine in-depth multidimensional aspects of the content of online reviews, i.e., qualitative UGC, and their impacts on product sales. In this process, we develop defensible measurements of UGC by executing a comprehensive empirical text analysis and evaluate the impact of measures of qualitative UGC relative to volume measure of quantitative UGC. Specifically, we analyze a large data set of UGC on the 350 most talked-about smartphone games from seven different genres (e.g., action, arcade, shooting, puzzle, role playing, simulation, and sports) over a 30 month period, August 2010 to February 2013. We utilize a theoretical framework that classifies qualitative UGC into two major perceptions of functional and emotional dimensions. Prior studies show that perceptions of both functional (cognitive) and emotional (affective) dimensions should be considered to investigate their effects on perceived user satisfaction (Coursaris and van Osch 2015) and online shopping behavior (Van der Heijden 2004). It is evident that both functional and emotional UGC influence consumers to purchase a focal product (Lovett, Peres, and Shachar 2013). The functional UGC relates to the positive and negative attributes and beliefs about a product, and the emotional UGC pertains to the feelings and emotions in response to product experience. As an example, consider one innovative car-racing mobile game which, although expensive, has 3D graphics and high level of complexity. After playing this game, consumers may express their feedback on this game online by describing it as well-made, unique, but sometimes fearful (because a high bill charge is expected from excessive playing time), and addictive (because they like the game too much to stop playing it). This type of online reviews contains different types of UGC: functional (e.g., quality, innovativeness) and emotional (e.g., fear). Another layer of our analysis involves the heterogeneity of impact on product sales across different qualitative UGCs. Specifically, we consider the effects of functional UGC on product sales across emotional contexts such as anger and happiness, in other words, a simultaneous association between functional UGC and emotional UGC. For example, although a consumer may be attracted by some reviews on the high quality graphics of a mobile game (functional UGC), she may hesitate to purchase this product because other reviews express their fear about high cost of purchasing virtual goods (emotional UGC). Accordingly, we expect the functional UGC’s effects on sales to be moderated (amplified or reduced) by emotional UGC. We accommodate such interaction effects in both aggregate and disaggregate models. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to empirically identify two dimensions of qualitative UGC (functional and emotional), and shed light on the effects of multidimensional UGC categories on sales. Our findings on the influence of qualitative UGC on product sales are quite different from the prevailing view that firms should pay attention more to the volume of UGC (Chevalier and Mayzlin 2006; Liu 2006) but little to the valence of UGC (Duan, Gu, and Whinston 2008; Godes and Mayzlin 2004; Liu 2006). Rather, our research is in line with recent three papers (Gopinath, Thomas, and Krishnamurthi 2014; Liu, Singh, and Srinivasan 2015; Onishi and Manchanda 2012) in terms of the importance of considering specific contents from a vast amount of text data. However, our paper provides two key contributions. First, we show that specific categories of qualitative online UGC such as functional and emotional variables can be used to predict product sales; this result will be of a high managerial relevance. Especially, traditional methods that use simple metrics such as volume and valence of UGC are less accurate than our method that employs a sophisticated, multidimensional content analysis. Second, the results offer guidance to firms in determining which specific UGC (quantitative or qualitative; functional or emotional; under what contexts) they should focus on for increasing the efficiency of their online marketing activities. Utilizing a large dataset of online reviews on 350 mobile games consisting of four million postings generated for thirty months, the authors identified 76 representative words to describe the functional and emotional UGC using text analysis and word classification. We combined the resulting UGC volumes with weekly sales, resulting in 1,835 observations for analysis with hierarchical Bayesian methods. We find that functional UGC includes 54 representative words to describe various levels of product quality, product innovativeness, price acceptability, and product simplicity, and emotional UGC includes 22 words to express anger, fear, shame, love, contentment, and happiness. The results show that the volume and valence of aggregated functional UGC and the share of aggregated emotional UGC have the positive effects on sales. The volume and valence of functional UGC subcategories have mixed effects on sales and the link is moderated by the share of emotional UGC subcategories. These results are in contrast to those in the literature. Further, a sales forecasting model which includes 13 variables of UGC subcategories shows the best predictive validity. The authors discuss the implications of these results for online marketers.
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A Study on the appropriateness of the Teukyakmaip system operated by department stores in Korea
Seongsoo Kim,Seungmi Kim 한국유통과학회 2013 KODISA ICBE (International Conference on Business Vol.2013 No.-
Purpose - The domestic distribution market has been seeing rapid growth with power retailers, namely large distribution companies as the center since the market was opened in 1996. The large distribution companies have tightened a strong hold over a retail market, and then they have raised their bargaining power over their vendors in a large way. However, the public voices demanding restraint of the companies are rising and the government policy is being carried away in such a direction. Through establishment of related laws and enforcement of other means, support for restricting the forms and practices of transaction by the large distribution companies like department stores is growing. The study is aimed at seeking for the right direction making department stores, vendors, and customers win-win in the market through researching into the current condition of operation of Teukyakmaip system***-the distinctive trade system of Korean department stores-and the precedence cases. Research design - The study was made upon the request of the Korea Department Stores Association (“KDSA”) and the period of the study was from March 27 to May 20 in 2013. We conducted several investigations simultaneously consisting of an examination of various materials, analysis of preceding research, an interview with the incharges of department stores, and an in-depth survey on seventy two (72) vendors of three (3) main department stores which are the parties to the Teukyakmaip transaction. Results - We tried to verify whether the question that the Teukyakmaip transaction is beneficial to department stores, but unfavorable to vendors really makes sense. Significant results including figures and tables came out through the abovementioned method. Conclusions – And to conclude, the Teukyakmaip system is still in the interests of the vendors vulnerable to funding and brand power. Therefore, department stores with the government will keep and develop the system in order to
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Seongsoo Hwang,Keon Bong Oh,Dae-Jin Kwon,Sun A Ock,Jeong-Woong Lee,Jin-Ki Park,Gi-Sun Im 한국동물번식학회 2012 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.36 No.2s
Here we report the productions of genetically modified cloned Massachusetts General Hospital miniature pig (MGH minipig) using freshly thawed donor cells equilibrated with roscovitine. Fibroblasts were isolated from the ear skin of a 10-day-old male MGH minipig. The donor cells were divided into two groups: cultured for 3 days (culture) and freshly thawed with 500 nM roscovitine. The viability of the donor cells was significantly higher at 0 h (94.6±3.5) compared with 1 h (81.7±5.7) after thawing (p=0.028). After 1 hr of equilibration time, the proportion of G0/G1 stage in roscovitine group was not different from 0 hr group, but not in culture medium group (p<0.01), respectively. Although the developmental characteristics were not different in both methods, the pregnancy and delivery rate in freshly thawed group were significantly higher than that of culture group (p<0.01), respectively. In total, 12 TG cloned MGH minipigs were delivered and the individual cloning efficiency was from 0 to 2.54%. Taken together, the use of freshly thawed donor cells equilibrated with roscovitine may be helpful method to increase the productivity of the genetically modified cloned MGH minipigs.
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