나르시시즘 윤리 관점에서 본 나홍진 감독의 삼부작

강성한 ( Kang¸ Seong Han ) 부산대학교 영화연구소 2021 아시아영화연구 Vol.14 No.2

나홍진 감독의 삼부작 영화 <추격자>(2008), <황해>(2010), <곡성>(2016) 속에 드러나는 동일자 중심 세계관에 대한 비판을 나르시시즘 윤리의 관점에서 살펴보았다. 이 영화들은 윤리적 주장을 감추고 악인들로 가득찬 세계를 꾸며서 상징적 믿음이 소멸한 공간을 배회하는 나르시시스트를 묘사한다. 영화들에 대한 분석을 통해 인물들의 심리적 역동과 내러티브가 드러내는 가학성과 피학성 그리고 반사회적인 윤리의식이 무엇이었는가를 밝힌다. 이 작업은 이상적 자아와 맺는 공격적 경쟁관계가 작동하는 나르시시즘 윤리의식을 기반으로 한, ‘주체 내부의 타자’, ‘주체의 분열’이라는 두 가지 측면에서 폭력적 윤리를 살펴보았다. 또한 그의 영화는 레비나스의 ‘타자의 윤리관’을 소환한다. 영화에는 ‘벌거벗은 얼굴로 나를 질책하고 불의를 고발하는 타인’의 모습이 등장한다. 바로 피해자-여성 얼굴 클로즈업이다. 이는 장르적 쾌락의 냉담성과 반윤리성을 반성적으로 사유하고 고통의 얼굴을 외면하지 않는 감독의 메시지를 환멸로 해석하기보다는 미래를 향한 건설적 윤리관으로서, 자아의식에 대한 비판적 시선을 유지한다. 폭력과 윤리 삼부작 작품들이 함의하고 있는 나르시시즘적 윤리의식의 진정한 문제는 주체의 몰락이 운명처럼 예정된 길 위에 있다는 점이다. 특정 인물들은 자신도 모르는 사이 점점 더 많은 것들을 희생하게 된다. 인물들의 공격성은 그들의 일부인 이상적 자아를 향하는 것이므로 결국 그들 자신을 향하는 것이다. 그들이 포기하지 못하는 고통스런 폭력은 주체가 이상적 자아와 맺는 공격적 경쟁 관계가 오늘날 작동하는 윤리의식의 근본기제라는 점이다. 그리고 이 영화들은 죄의식의 문제를 보여준다. 세상에서 가장 약한 존재, 돌봐줘야 할 대상을 돌보지 못한 죄책감, 이런 모티프가 그의 영화에 반복되어 나타난다. 여자들의 주검의 ‘얼굴’이 그 하나이다. 그의 영화에서는 이들을 상실하게 만든 폭력적 세계에 대한 담론화를 시도하며, 상실된 타인에 대한 윤리적 책임과 당위적 질문을 던지고 있다. It looked at the criticism of the same-character-centered worldview in director Na Hong-jin’s trilogy “The Chaser” (2008), “The Yellow Sea” (2010), and “The Wailing” (2016) from the perspective of narcissism ethics. These films portray a narcissist who hides ethical claims and embellishes a world full of evil people, wandering around a space where symbolic beliefs have disappeared. Analysis of the films reveals what the characters’ psychological dynamics and narratives reveal, sadism, academicity, and antisocial ethics. This work looked at violent ethics in two aspects, “The batter inside the subject” and “The division of the subject,” based on the narcissistic ethic consciousness in which the aggressive competition with the ideal self works. His film also summons Levinas’s ‘The Ethics of the Batter’. The movie features a scene of “someone who rebukes me with a naked face and accuses me of injustice.” It’s a close-up of the victim-female face. Rather than reflecting on the coldness and anti-ethics of genre pleasure and interpreting the director’s message of not turning a blind eye to the face of pain as disillusionment, it maintains a constructive ethics view of self-awareness. The real problem with narcissistic ethics, which is implied by the works of violence and ethics trilogy, is that the subject’s fall is on a path as planned as fate. Certain characters sacrifice more and more things without even realizing it. The aggression of the characters is directed at the ideal ego that is part of them, and therefore towards themselves. The painful violence they cannot give up is that the aggressive competition the subject has with the ideal self is the fundamental mechanism of ethical consciousness that works today. And these films show the problem of guilt. The weakest being in the world, the guilt of not taking care of the object to be taken care of, and this motif appears repeatedly in his film. The “face” of women’s bodies is one. The film attempts discourse on this lost world with accusations of the lost object Mi-jin’s face floating in an aquarium in “The Chaser,” his dead wife’s beautiful return in “The Yellow Sea,” his daughter’s brightness in “The Wailing” - and the violent world that caused them to be lost by bringing them into the discourse. The appearance of such a batter in Na Hong-jin’s film sends ethical responsibility and justifiable orders to others who have been lost.

Wide Tuning-range LO Chain with a Hybrid Inductor for LTE and SAW-less GSM Transceiver

Seonghan Ryu 대한전자공학회 2021 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.10 No.6

A low phase noise, multi-standard local oscillator (LO) chain for LTE and GSM is presented. The LO chain is composed of a dynamic divider and a CMOS VCO with a hybrid inductor using both bondwire and a planar spiral inductor in the same area. This approach improves both tuning range and phase noise characteristics without additional area loss. Based on this concept, the LO chain with a hybrid inductor VCO is implemented in a 65nm CMOS process. The measured performance satisfies wide tunability and most stringent GSM transmitter phase noise specification, which proves that the LO chain can be used for LTE and SAW-less GSM transceiver.

Host-symbiont specificity determined by microbe-microbe competition in an insect gut

Seonghan Jang,Hideomi Itoh,Yoshitomo Kikuchi 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.10

Security Proof for a Leakage-Resilient Authenticated Key Establishment Protocol

SeongHan Shin,Kazukuni Kobara,Hideki Imai 한국정보보호학회 2004 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.14 No.4

At Asiacrypt 2003, Shin et al., have proposed a new class for Authenticated Key Establishment (AKE) protocol named Leakage-Resilient AKE (LR-AKE). The authenticity of LR-AKE is based on a user's password and his/her stored secrets in both client side and server side. In their LR-AKE protocol, no TRM (Tamper Resistant Modules) is required and leakage of the stored secrets from any side does not reveal any critical information on the password. This property is useful when the following situation is considered:(1) Stored secrets may leak out;(2) A user communicates with a lot of servers;(3) A user remembers only one password. The other AKE protocols, such as SSL/TLS and SSH (based on PKI), Password-Authenticated Key Exchange (PAKE) and Threshold-PAKE (T-PAKE), do not satisfy that property under the above-mentioned situation since their stored secrets (or, verification data on password) in either the client or the servers contain enough information to succeed in retrieving the relatively short password with off-line exhaustive search. As of now, the LR-AKE protocol is the currently known solution. In this paper, we prove its security of the LR-AKE protocol in the standard model. Our security analysis shows that the LR-AKE protocol is provably secure under the assumptions that DDH (Decisional Diffie-Hellman) problem is hard and MACs are selectively unforgeable against partially chosen message attacks (which is a weaker notion than being existentially unforgeable against chosen message attacks).

Design Issues of CMOS VCO for RF Transceivers

Seonghan Ryu 한국전자파학회JEES 2009 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.9 No.1

This paper describes CMOS VCO circuit design procedures and techniques for multi-band/multi-standard RF transceivers. The proposed techniques enable a 4 ㎓ CMOS VCO to satisfy all requirements for Quad-band GSM/EDGE and WCDMA standards by achieving a good trade-off among important specifications, phase noise, power consumption, modulation performance, and chip area efficiency. To meet the very stringent GSM T/Rx phase noise and wide frequency range specifications, the VCO utilizes bond-wire inductors with high-quality factor, an 8-bit coarse tune capbank for low VCO gain(30~50 ㎒/V) and an on-chip 2nd harmonic noise filter. The proposed VCO is implemented in 0.13 ㎛ CMOS technology. The measured tuning range is about 34 %(3.17 to 4.49 ㎓). The VCO exhibits a phase noise of -123 ㏈c/㎐ at 400 ㎑ offset and -145 dBc/㎐ at 3 ㎒ offset from a 900 ㎒ carrier after LO chain. The calculated figure of merit(FOM) is -183.5 ㏈c/㎐ at 3 ㎒ offset. This fully integrated VCO occupies 0.45×0.9 ㎟.

Design of a Low Noise Bias Generator for Multi-band RF CMOS Transceiver

Seonghan Ryu 한국정보기술학회 2013 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.11 No.2

A low noise bias generator for RF CMOS transceiver is proposed and implemented. The bias generator consists of a bandgap reference(BGR) and a low dropout regulator(LDO). In RF transceiver, the bias blocks determining bias quantity and quality of the signal-processing circuits are separately placed near each signal block for noise performance and proper power dividing. Therefore, bias block design issues such as power consumption, noise and chip size should be considerd for multi-band RF CMOS transceiver which has various circuit blocks and chip area constraints. This paper describes a design procedure and techniques for a low noise bias generator. The proposed techniques allow good trade-off among chip size, noise and power consumption. The bias generator gives temperature compensated bandgap reference of 1.2V with mean temperature dependency of 5ppm/˚C for -25˚C to 75˚C. The LDO is able to drive max bias current of 15mA. The bias generator is implemented in a 0.18m RF CMOS technology with a size of 0.2×0.4mm2 and consumes a bandgap core current of 40A at 2.5V supply and works for a power supply down to 1.8V. Output noise level is below 30nV/√Hz at 100kHz. A CMOS VCO with the proposed bias generator has the phase noise difference of only 2.2dBc/Hz at 400kHz offset.

Noise Optimized Channel Selection Filter Design for WCDMA

Seonghan Ryu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.10 No.8

A low noise 6th-order elliptic low-pass filter is proposed and implemented. For the high level integration of multi-standard wireless terminal at low cost, the direct conversion architecture is favored for the RF transceiver, and a low noise channel selection filter with enough out-of-band suppression takes a critical role for the direct conversion receiver. For the noise optimized filter design, a noise analysis, design procedure and techniques are described for a biquad circuit and the 6th- order elliptic filter. The filter is implemented in a 0.35μm BiCMOS technology and has the 3dB cutoff frequency of 2.3MHz. The chip size is 1.0×1.15mm2. The measurement results show that the noise characteristics are optimized by proper allocation of the biquad circuit component values and biquad placement as proposed. And also, the filter shows good linearity. The filter consumes 3.8mA current at 1.8V supply and provides about 60dB stopband rejection, input referred noise of 27 .8 nV Hz and IIP3 of 22.4 dBm. The filter performance meets the WCDMA standard specification.

Structure, Dynamics, and Phase Behavior of DOPC/DSPC Mixture Membrane Systems: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies

Seonghan Kim,장락우 대한화학회 2016 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.37 No.7

Full atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been performed for model mixture bilayer membrane systems consisting of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) phospholipids to understand the effects of two essential parameters such as lipid composition and temperature on the structural, dynamical, and phase behavior of mixture membrane systems. Although pure DSPC membranes are in the gel-like (Lβ ′ or P β ′) phase at 323 K, raising the temperature by only 10 K or replacing 20% of DSPC lipids by DOPC lipids can change the gel-like phase into the completely liquid-crystalline phase (L α ). This phase change is accompanied by dramatic change in both structural properties such as area per lipid, membrane thickness, deuterium order parameter, and tail angle distribution, and dynamics properties such as mobility map. We also observe that the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) data of tail angle distribution as well as area per lipid (or membrane thickness) can be used as order parameters for the membrane phase transition.

Intestinal Enterococcus population affects Galleria mellonella metamorphosis

Seonghan Jang,Hyun Gi Kong,Jin-Soo Son,Joon-Hui Chung,Soohyun Lee,Jun-Seob Kim,Choong-Min Ryu 한국응용곤충학회 2023 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

Microbes in insect gut significantly influence host physiology. While Lepidoptera is a diverse insect order, the relationship between microbial symbiosis and host development remains elusive, especially concerning role of gut-colonizing bacteria in metamorphosis. We investigated the gut microbial diversity in Galleria mellonella throughout its life cycle using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Our findings revealed a predominance of Enterococcus spp. in larvae and Enterobacter spp. in pupae. Remarkably, removing Enterococcus spp. hastened the larval-to-pupal transition. Transcriptome analysis showed an upregulation of immune response genes in pupae and hormone genes in larvae. Notably, the production of antimicrobial peptides in the host gut varied with developmental stages. Some of these peptides suppressed the growth of Enterococcus innesii, a dominant gut bacterium in G. mellonella larvae. This research underscores the pivotal role of gut microbiota shifts in metamorphosis, driven by the secretion of antimicrobial peptides in the G. mellonella digestive system.

W-band Downconversion Mixer with Finline Transition for Intelligent Traffic System

Seonghan Ryu(류성한) 한국정보기술학회 2016 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.14 No.10

A W-band MMIC mixer using 0.15-㎛ T-gate GaAs pHEMT technology is presented. The proposed mixer is designed as a single balanced diode mixer type with schottky barrier diode and implemented with finline transition for 77-㎓ intelligent traffic system(ITS) transceiver(TRx) module. The mixer also includes an IF amplifier to increase a conversion gain, and the waveguide-to-microstrip antipodal finline transition is designed with cosine-squared taper function curve and fabricated with duroid 5880 substrate. The optimized finline transition shows the measured insertion loss of less than 1㏈ and the return loss of higher than 20㏈ for 77㎓. The measured conversion gain of the proposed W-band mixer is 0.3㏈ at LO power of 11㏈m, which satisfies the mixer specification for ITS automotive collision avoidance radar receiver module.