Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

Gyeong-Mi Lee,Sunhwa Park,Ki-In Kim,Sang-Ho Jeon,Dahee Song,Deok-hyun Kim,Tae-Seung Kim,Seong-Taek Yun,Hyen Mi Chung,Hyun-Koo Kim 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as NO₃-N, HCO₃<SUP>-</SUP>, PO₄<SUP>-</SUP>, SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>, Cl<SUP>-</SUP>, NH₄-N, K<SUP>+</SUP>, Na<SUP>+</SUP>, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was 23,973 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for cattle, 51,551 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for pig, and 52,100 g day<SUP>-1</SUP> km<SUP>-2</SUP> for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was 5.0 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 16.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 6.9 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 17.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density and 7.6 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 22.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was 7.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for low livestock density, 9.4 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for medium livestock density, 10.7 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, Ca-(Cl+NO₃) group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area

Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Park, Sunhwa,Kim, Ki-In,Jeon, Sang-Ho,Song, Dahee,Kim, Deok-hyun,Kim, Tae-Seung,Yun, Seong-Taek,Chung, Hyen Mi,Kim, Hyun-Koo 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

We investigated 52 livestock farming complexes in Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces based on low, medium, and high livestock density and groundwater quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate a relationship between nitrate N concentration in groundwater and animal factors, such as livestock density and animal species. 2,200 groundwater samples for 3 years from 2012 to 2014 at Gyeong-Gi and Incheon provinces were collected and analyzed for pH, EC, DO, ORP, temperature, major anions and cations, such as $NO_3-N$, ${HCO_3}^-$, ${PO_4}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $Cl^-$, $NH_4-N$, $K^+$, $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, T-N, and TOC. Average concentration of total N for generated load density was $23,973g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for cattle, $51,551g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for pig, and $52,100g\;day^{-1}\;km^{-2}$ for poultry. For animal feeding species, average ratio for generated load over discharge load was 16.1% for cattle, 7.8% for pig, and 7.1% for poultry. Therefore, cattle feeding region is highly vulnerable for water pollution compared to pig and poultry feeding areas. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and total N in the groundwater samples were higher at high animal farming regions than other regions. The average concentration of nitrate, and chloride in groundwater samples was $5.0mg\;L^{-1}$, $16.6mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $6.9mg\;L^{-1}$, $17.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density and $7.6mg\;L^{-1}$, $22.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density and total nitrogen (T-N) was $7.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for low livestock density, $9.4mg\;L^{-1}$ for medium livestock density, $10.7mg\;L^{-1}$ for high livestock density. In conclusion, based on this research, for managing groundwater quality near livestock farming regions, $Ca-(Cl+NO_3)$ group from the Piper diagram is more efficient than using 19 factors for water quality standard.

건식 미분 분급장치의 특성에 관한 연구

장경환,김성종,정경락 全北大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

A new air classifier with cut size smaller than about 10㎛, which allowed rapid classification to avoid the disturbance of particles reagglomeration, was designed and manufactured. The characteristics of the air classifier for fine powders was experimentally investigated. The results of the experimentation could be summerized as follows. 1) As the velocity of laden air was increased, the entrainment of fine particles into the coarse side was impressed.. 2) When the velocity of clean air was equal to the velocity of laden air, the sharpness index was good. 3) By sucking a portion of clean air into the fine side, the entraintment of fine particles into the coarse side was effectively suppressed. 4) The cut size and the classification performance were not affected by feed concentration up to at least 0.3kg/㎥.

短期所得林産物 市場接近物量의 輸入管理制度 改善方案

金義慶,鄭秉憲,李聖淵,朱麟源 한국산림경제학회 2002 산림경제연구 Vol.10 No.2

본 연구는 밤, 잣, 대추에 대하여 이루어지고 있는 최소시장접근물량에 대한 수입관리제도의 문제점을 살펴보고 그 개선방안을 도출하는데 목적이 있다. 주요 결과를 보면 밤의 경우 1995년 이후 평균 10%정도의 낮은 수입이행률을 보이고 있으며, 잣의 경우 환율 급변에 의한 환차손으로 수입관리기관이 손해를 보거나 시장조절기능도 미약하다는 문제점을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 수입관리방식은 잣의 경우 현재의 국영무역에서 수입권공매방식으로, 밤의 경우 현재의 수입권공매방식을 선착순배정방식이나 수입허가제방식으로 바꾸는 것이 바람직한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 수입시기를 국내산 성출하시기를 피하여 수입하는 것이 바람직하며, 수입냉동품, 세관검사 및 저가신고에 대한 적절한 수입관리대책도 필요한 것으로 나타났다. The objectives of this study are to analyze the problems of import administration system for minimum market access of chestnut, Korean pine nut and jujube, and suggest its improvement measures. Major findings are as follows : The fill rate of minimum market access for chestnut was very low of about 10% since 1995. The import administration agency of Korean pine nut suffered the loss from abrupt exchange rate change and had weak market control, Therefore it was suggested that Quota Auction System is better than current State Trading System for Korean pine nut, and First-Come First-Served System or Import License System is better than current Quota Auction System for chestnut. And it is desirable to import during the period beyond the main harvesting season for domestic products, and needed to construct the adequate aministration measures for forzed product import, customs examination and low price declaration.

수용액중에서 분산제가 초미립자의 분산과 응집에 미치는 영향

황성태,장경환,정경락 全北大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.42 No.-

The dispersibility of ultrafine particles is affected by the kinds and amount of dispersants. The optimum dispersive condition for ultrafine particles was determined from the measurement of the zeta-potential and particle size distribution at concentrations. The zeta-potential and the particle size distribution of dilute suspension was measured using the light scattering method. Also, the influence of kinds and amount of diapersants on the dispersion of TiO_2 fine particle in water is discussed by the DLVO theory. In particular it is shown that the optimum concentration of a dispersant obtained experimentally is approximately in accordance with the concentration of the dispersant showing the maximum total potential energy(V_Tmax) calculated from the DLVO theory which is coincident with the one showing the maximum zeta-potential.

GIS를 위한 홍수유출해석에 관한 연구

박준일,함계운,성오경,장영태,김경훈 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2003 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.19 No.-

In the rainfall-runoff simulation, it is crucial problem to extract the hydrologic topographical factors that are used as the model input parameters. Those factors are drawn out from DEM(Digit a1 Elevation Model) along with GIS(Geographic Information System) techniques represent a wide range of topographical informations. GIS is employed to estimate the parameters and examine application. Also, the results from different GIS data and analysis methods are examined. In the study, spatial data are calculated using WMS(Watershed Modeling System) v.6.1, which is hydrologic analysis software coupled with GIS, and flood analysis is accomplished by HEC-1 included in WMS, and applied to Dukchon River basin. To calculate the effective rainfall CN values of NRCS are used. Clark, Snyder and NRCS methods are selected to derive unit hydrograph respectively. In addition, the characteristics of runoff responses according to the selection of GIS spatial data for NRCS CN, TIN or Grid used to extract hydrologic topographical informations. and the number of partitioning sub-basin are investigated.

혈관 내 폐보조장치에서의 압력손실 예측

박재관,김성종,이삼철,정경락 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2002 工學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

The purpose of this study was making a equation to predict relationship between pressure drop and frontal area in 40% glycerol solution at 37 ℃. Before using whole blood, we estimated pressure drop with experimental equation, and compared the results with experimental results. Also, we tried to make module design that contained the maximum number of hollow fiber membranes in 3㎝diameter tube. We have observed pressure drop of 40% glycerol solution flow rate in each modules that have been changed by the number of the hollow fibers, and studied about the equation related between flow rate and pressure drop, friction factor and Reynolds number. The results showed that the pressure drop which was calculated with the various frontal area was similar to the pressure drop of using the equation obtained from the experimental. Also, the maximum number of hollow fiber is 675, which can be inserted in 3㎝diameter tube when the out side of diameter was 380㎛. It satisfied pressure drop(<15㎜Hg).

Perfluorocarbon 유화액에 의한 혈관 내 폐 보조장치에서의 압력손실과 산소전달

김기범,박재관,김성종,정인수,정경락 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2002 工學硏究 Vol.33 No.-

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the perfluorocarbone emulsion in a novel membrane module that satisfied the limiting factor of minimizing the pressure loss in the intravascular blood flow pattern. It observed the mind on the viscosity that to mix with blood in the ratio of 1:4. The device used a bundle consisted of several hundred hollow fiber having the outside diameter of 380㎛. and the axial jacket length of 600 ㎜. The pressure drop of the membrane module device consisting of 300 hollow fibers was observed 10 ㎜Hg at the flow rate 4 ℓ/min and could be get sphere of pressure drop to apply equipment.

헤모글로빈의 Microencapsulation에 의한 인공적혈구의 산소전달과 용혈도에 관한 연구

나도춘,김기범,김성종,정경락 전북대학교 공학연구원 ( 구 전북대학교 공업기술연구소 ) 2003 工學硏究 Vol.34 No.-

In this study, we tried to improve oxygen transfer rate and reduce pressure drop on intravascular lung assist device with microencapsulation of red blood cells, because microcapsulation of red cells reduce blood hemolysis. Hemoglobin was purified from outdated human red blood cells used. Phospholipid was purified from egg yolk. The hemosome was prepared by encapsulation of hemoglobin with phospholipid multilayer, using rotary vacuum evaporator. The function of hemosome and hemosome/blood mixed solution was tested by measuring oxygen dissociation curve using blood gas analyzer. Also we were measured about hemolysis of hemosome, hemosome/blood mixed solution and blood by absorptivity method. As a results, the oxygen dissociation curve of hemosome and hemosome/blood mixed solution showed the same figure as the curve of normal red blood cells. Also, the hemolysis of hemosome and hemosome/blood mixed solution was measured less than normal red blood cell. Therefore, the oxygen transfer rate showed high use of hemosome, and hemosome/blood mixed solution rather than normal blood. Because microen- capsulation of normal red blood cells prevent hemolysis of normal red blood cells.

진동에 의한 혈관 내 폐 보조장치의 산소전달 특성

김기범,권대규,이삼철,김성종,정인수,오인혁,김기주,변윤섭,정경락 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.42 No.2

본 연구는 급성호흡부전환자를 치료하기 위하여 사용되고 있는 혈관 내 폐 보조장치의 기체전달을 향상시키기 위하여 중공사막에 진동기법을 사용하여 기체전달을 향상시키고자 시도하였다. 그리고 혈관 내 폐 보조장치를 정맥에 삽입하기 전, 혈관 내 폐 보조장치의 설계조건을 실험적 모델을 통하여 기체전달을 예측할 수 있는 예측식을 만들고자 하였다. 실험결과, 본 연구에서는 진동기법이 기체전달을 향상시키는데 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 뿐만 아니라, 충진율과 가징 주파수의 함수관계를 이용하여 기체전달을 예측 할 수 있었다. 실험에 의하여 얻어진 결과는 예측식에 의하여 얻어진 결과와 유사한 결과를 얻었다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 충진율과 가진 주파수의 함수를 이용하여 VIVLAD의 기체전달을 예측할 수 있었다. In this paper, we tried to improve gas exchange of the vibrating intravascular lung assist device(VIVLAD) using vibrating method in the hollow fiber membrane, for the patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). And we tried to formularize prediction equations to make a prediction about gas transfer for designing intravenous artificial lung assist device, and designed modules under various conditions were studied through an experimental modeling before inserted the artificial lung assist device into as venous. As a result, we are convinced that vibration method is very useful for the has transfer increasing. Also, we can estimate the gas transfer as a function of the packing density and excited frequencies. The gas transfer obtained from the experiment was similar to that from the prediction equation, confirming the usefulness prediction equation. Therefore, we can estimate the gas transfer of the VIVLAD as a function of the packing density and excited frequencies.