최소자승법을 이용한 다수 베타 방출 핵종 혼합물의 방사능 분석

선광일,남욱원,공경남,김창규,이동명,이상국 대한방사선 방어학회 2001 방사선방어학회지 Vol.26 No.4

베타선 스펙트럼의 최대 에너지가 확실하게 구별되는 2개의 핵종만을 포함하는 혼합시료의 경우에는 최대 에너지가 다르다는 점을 이용하여 손쉽게 각 핵종의 방사능값을 측정할 수 있다. 그러나 3개 이상의 베타 방출 핵종이 포함된 혼합물에 대해서는 각 핵종의 스펙트럼이 서로 겹치기 때문에 이러한 방법으로 구해진 방사능값은 신뢰도가 떨어지게 된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 최소자승법을 이용하여 혼합물의 중첩된 베타선 스펙트럼을 각각 분리 정량분석할 수 있는 밥법을 제시하였다. 또한, 실제로 4개의 베타 방출 핵종 ^3H, ^14C, ^16Cl, 90Sr)이 혼합된 사료를 조제하여 본 분석법을 검증한 결과 최고치 Reference value)와 분석치가 7% 이내에서 잘 일치함을 보였다. It is possible to count and perform quench correction on two β-label samples so long as the maximum β-energies are sufficiently different. However, when the coventional technique is applied to the radioassay of a mixture of more than three nuclides, the reliability of the activiteis determined is considerably reduced, resulting from the large overlapping of liquid scintillation pulse height distributions of ezch nuclide. A technique that allows the activities of multiple β-labeled samples to be radioassayed was proposed by using the least square method. The technique was applied to mixture samples of ^3H, ^14C, ^16Cl, and ^90Sr. The analytical values were in good agreement with the reference values within 7% relstive error.

國際貨物運送에 있어서 複合運送周旋人의 責任과 諸問題에 관한 硏究

宋善旭 건국대학교 1998 학술논문집 : 건국대 대학원 Vol.47 No.1

In the absence of mandatory law applicable to freight forwarders, the legal relationship between the freight forwarder and his customer would usually appear from general conditions applicable to the freight forwarding services. In most countries, such general conditions are offered through the individual freight forwarders associations. Thus, there is presently no international regime governing the law of freight forwarding. So we must make international regime governing the law of freight forwarding for regulating the legal relationship between the freight forwarder and his customer. The responsibility of the Freight Forwarder for the goods covers the period from the time the Freight Forwarder has taken the goods in his charge to the time of the their delivery. In spite of being made the UNCTAD/ICC Rules and FIATA FBL later than the MT convention, limitation of Freight Forwarder's liability is minimized. The specific limitation of delay and consequential loss and other non-physical loss has been set at twice the freight amount in the UNCTAD/ICC Rules and FIATA FBL but has been set at 2.5 times the freight amount in the MT convention.

電子商去來體制下에서 電子船荷證券의 活用에 관한 硏究

宋善旭 강남대학교 사회과학연구소 2000 사회과학논총 Vol.10 No.-

운송수단의 발달로 인해 선적서류보다 먼저 운송품이 목적지에 도착하게 되는 경우가 발생하여 신속한 화물인도가 이루어지지 못하고 추가적인 비용이 발생하는 등의 선하증권의 위기가 발생하게 된다. 이를 극복하기 위한 대안으로 선하증권의 내용을 EDI메시지를 통해 이전하게하는 전자선하증권이 도입되게 된다. 이 같은 전자선하증권의 실무상 도입을 위해 Bolero Project가 추진되고 1999년부터 본격적으로 서비스를 행하고 있으나 이러한 전자선하증권도 몇가지 기술적, 법적인 문제점을 가지고 있어 이에 대한 극복방안이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 또한 전자선하증권의 법적 뒷받침을 위한 국제규칙으로 채택된 전자선하증권에 관한 CMI 규칙 상에도 문제점들이 있어 이에 대한 개정이 필요하다.

부처설화의 스페인으로의 전이과정 연구 : 최초의 기독교화 판본을 중심으로 sobre la primera versio´n cristianizada

김선욱 서울大學校 스페인中南美硏究所 2004 이베로아메리카硏究 Vol.15 No.-

Se conoce la leyenda de Buda, Lalitavistara o budacarita de Ashvagosa, a trave´s de las traducciones tibetanos y chinas, se ha divulgado a la Asia de Extremo Oriente(Tibet, China, Mongolia, Corea y Japo´n) y a traves de la version pall, habia difundido a la Asis sudeste(Myanmar, Tailandia y la Peni´nsula indochina). Es decir, solamente hacia Este desde Ia India. Pero desde los primeros siglos de nuestra era la transmisio´n bu´dica teni´a el rumbo hacia al Occidente. Su primer escenario de peregrinacio´n es la Asia central, sobre todo, Bactrian y Sogdiana, donde las culturas orientales y occidentales se intercambiaron. En esta zona se encontraron unos fragmentos maniqueos muy importantes para nuestro estudio. Entre estos fragmentos antiguos turcos hay dos extractor de un prototipo de la leyenda de Buda. La siguiente etapa de la migracio´n de nuestra historia es la zona a´rabe. De las versiones maniqueos derivan las versiones a´rabes. La primera de ellas, Kitab Bilauhar wa Budasaf, seri´a la obra de los maniqueos residentes en Bagdad en el siglo Ⅷ. Desde la versio´n a´rabe aparecen las primeras versiones cristianizados, las versiones georgianas. Y por Eutimius se tradujo a la version griega con mas perfeccionamiento cristiano. Y por esta versio´n griega se deriba hacia la Europa de Este y aparecieron las versiones europeas ortodoxas(bulgara, armenia, serbia, rusa, etc.), y por orta parte, hacia la Europa latina desde la cual se expadio at mundo catolico(espanola, francesa, portuguesa, etc.). Mi estudio estriba en esta peregrination y la primera version cristianizada.

국경안전성 강화를 위한 승인된 운영인(AEO) 프로그램의 적용

송선욱 한국관세학회 2007 관세학회지 Vol.8 No.2

It is very important to strike a balance between trade security and trade facilitation in the international trade supply chain. Each customs adminstration have to establish a partnership with the private sector in order to ensure the security of the international trade supply chain and to overcome limitation of control goods moving across the border in customs adminstration. AEO program is the Customs-Trade Partnership program, That program have to be included a validation process and incentives for AEO. There are effective methods to adopt national AEO program in Korea, as follows. Firstly, it is necessary to unify departments which is managing parties involved in the international movement of goods. Secondly, it is necessary that AEO program adoptable in Korea is established and developed. Lastly, Korea Customs Service have to integrate many kinds of services to customers at present into benefits to AEO

電子商去來(EC )를 통한 國際物品賣買의 經濟性에 관한 考察 : Internet을 통해 무역거래방식을 중심으로

宋善旭 건국대학교 1998 학술논문집 : 건국대 대학원 Vol.46 No.1

The Intermet is a collection of interlinked computer networks, or a network of networks. Currently, it collects over one million different computers and the rate of increase in use and new subscribers is growing on a month-by-month basis. The exporter may engage in an exploration of the markets to which he wishes to target his exports. He may visit the overseas markets himself or send out appointed representatives. he may have received approaches or inquiries from importing or commission houses abroad or may have been contacted directly by overseas customers who have read his advertisements in the home or overseas press or may have obtained his address by other means. After he finds the party, the first contact between the parties may take the form of an inquiry or an invitation to contract. Statements made in the course of negotiation are not contractual statements, like an offer and acceptance, unless embodied into the contract. The Intermet offers cheap marketing to a very wide audience. Using a good home page and top Intermet sites for marketing opportunity, a business can provide a front end to its services which can potentially be accessed globally. The following are some of the advantages of the marketing opportunity on the Internet, Eliminating costs and times, structuring good business images, increasing potential customers, and increasing marketing opportunity in small businesses.

國際貿易에 있어서 電子船荷證權의 法的 地位에 관한 硏究 : Bolero 船荷證券을 中心으로

宋善旭 강남대학교 사회과학연구소 2001 사회과학논총 Vol.11 No.-

Bolero 선하증권은 전통적 선하증권의 위기를 극복하면서 동시에 기존 선하증권의 기능을 그대로 유지하고 있는 운송서류로 전통적 선하증권과 완전히 다른 새로운 운송서류의 탄생을 의미하지는 않는다. 이러한 Bolero 선하증권은 전자메시지형태로 운용되기 때문에 기존 선하증권에 비해 경제적 효용성을 가지고 있어 그 사용이 확대될 전망이다. 따라서 Bolero 선하증권의 법적 지위에 대한 정확한 규명과 확실한 법적 토대가 요구된다. 그와 같은 측면에서 Bolero 선하증권의 법적지위를 살펴본 결과 법적 기능은 기존 선하증권과 차이가 없었다. 단지 Bolero 서비스 사용자는 Bolero 서비스계약시 Bolero 규정집에 따를 것을 약속하였기 때문에 특별히 준거법인 영국법이나 미국해상물품운송법과 관련 국제법규 등에 경합되지 않는 범위내에서 규정집의 규정에 따라 Bolero 선하증권은 운용되고 있다.

보건관리대행 기관의 사업장내 진료에 대한 근로자 요구 및 실시 의향

원종욱,송재석,정선아,박화미,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.1

목적 : 본 연구에서는 보건관리대행 사업에 있어 사업장내 진료에 대한 수요와 보건관리대행기관의 방문진료 제공에 대한 의향을 조사하여 사업장내 진료에 대한 욕구를 파악하고, 이를 토대로 사업장내 진료에 대한 기초적인 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 방법 : 근로자들의 의료이용 행태와 방문진료에 대한 요구도를 파악하기 위해 167개 보건관리대행 사업장의 사업주와 보건담당자, 그리고 1,350명의 근로자에게 설문 조사를 실시하였고, 사업주 121명(72.5%), 보건담당자 145명(86.8%), 근로자 816명(60.5%)이 응답하였다. 일차진료의 제공 가능성을 파악하기 위해서 전국의 66개 보건관리대행기관의 의사와 간호사 및 행정책임자에게 우편 설문조사를 실시하여 의사 31명 (47.0%), 간호사 38명(57.6%) 및 행정책임자 34명(51.5%)이 응답하였다. 결과 : 보건관리대행 사업을 수행하고 있는 의사의 87%와 간호사의 94%가 보건관리대행 업무를 담당하면서 많은 근로자들로부터 투약 등 진료를 요구받고 있었고, 100 %의 간호사와 행정책임자 94%, 의사의 76 %가 보건관리대행 사업에서 진료를 수행하는 것이 필요하다고 생각하고 있었다. 한편사업주의 85 %, 보건관리 담당자 86 %와 근로자81 %가 보건관리대행기관에서 사업장내 진료를 시행 할 때 이를 수용하겠다고 응답하였다.결론 대다수의 근로자와 사업주가 보건관리대행기관의 진료를 요구하고 있었고, 보건관리대행 기관의 의사와 간호사가 사업장에서의 진료를 수용할 의향이 있고, 직업성 뇌심혈 관계질환의 예방 등 필요성이 인정된다면 보건관리대행 의사의 사업장내 진료를 인정해야 한다고 생각된다. Objectives : This study was performed to survey worker's demands for worksite medical care and agency's intention for offering worksite medical care in Group Health Service Agency. Methods : One study subjects were employers, workers and office personnels in 167 factories. They were asked for medical care utilization behavior and worksite medical care demand. 121 employers(72.5%), 145 office personnels(86.8%) and 816 workers(60.5%) answered the questionnaire. The other subjects were doctors, nurses and administrators in 66 Group Health Service Agencies nationwide. They were asked for intention of offering worksite medical care in Group Health Service Agency through the mail survey. 31 doctors (47.0%), 38 nurses (57.6%) and 34 administrators answered the questionnaire. Results : 87 percentage of doctors and 94 percentage of nurses had experiences of being requested to prescribe and laboratory examination. All nurses, 94 percentage of administrators and 76 percentage of doctors thought that it was necessary to give medical treatment at worksite. Also in worksite 85 percentage of employers, 86 percentage of office personnels and 81 percentage of workers answered that they accepted the worksite medical care when it would be given. Conclusions : Worksite medical care should be permitted because almost of all workers and employers requested worksite medical care, and doctors and nurses in Group Health Service Agency were willing to give worksite medical care and there was necessity to prevent occupational cerebrovascular disease.

貨換信用狀 去來에 있어서 保險書類의 受理條件에 관한 硏究 : 貨換信用狀에 관한 統一規則 및 慣例(1993改正, UCP500)를 中心으로

宋善旭 건국대학교 1997 학술논문집 : 건국대 대학원 Vol.45 No.1

The legal and practical problems on the acceptance of insurance document which stipulated from article 34 to 36 of UCP 500 are as follows. "Insurance documents must appear on their face to be issued'and signed by insurance companies or underwriters or their agents. If the insurance document indicates that it has been issued in more than one original, all the originals must be presented unless otherwise authorised in the credit. Cover notes issued by brokers will not be accepted, unless specifically arthorised in the credit. Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, banks will accept an insurance certificate or adeclaration under an open cover pre-signed by insurance companies or underwriter or their agents. If a credit specifically calls fur an insurance certificate or a declaration under an open cover, banks will accept, in lieu thereof, an insurance policy." . The document must be as stated in the credit(policy or certificate) and issued by an insurance company or its agent. Cover notes issued by brokers are not acceptable. "Unless otherwise stipulate in the credit, or unless it appears from the insurance document that the cover is effective at the latest from !he date of loading on board or dispatch or taking in charge of the goods, banks will not accept an insurance document which bears a date of issuance later than the date of loading on board or dispatch or taking in charge as indicated in such transport document." It is important to bear in mind when the shipper/exporter/agent is preparing the insurance document for presentation to the bank, that it is in the currency of the documentary letter of credit. The insurance is for the value specified in the credit. It covers all risks specified in the credit. The insurance document is dated prior to dispatch of goods or indicates that cover is effective from shipment date. Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, the insurance document must be expressed in the same currency as the credit; because it can avoid exchange risk. "Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, the minimum amount for which the insurance document must indicate the insurance cover to have been effected is the CIF or CIP value of the goods, as the case may be, plus 10%, but only when the CIF or CIP value can be determined from the documents on their face. Otherwise, banks will accept as such minimum amount 110% of the amount for which patment, acceptance or negotiation is requested under the credit, or 110% of the gross amount of the invoice, whichever is the grearter. Credit should stipulate the type of insurance required and, if any, the additional risks which are the to be covered. Imprecise terms such as "usual risks" or "customary risks" shall not be used; if they are used, banks will accept insurance documents as presented, without responsibility for any risks not being covered. Falling specific stipulations in the credit, banks will accept insurance documents as presented, without responsibility for any risks not being covered. Unless otherwise stipulated in the credit, banks will accept an insurance document which indicates that the cover is subject to a franchise or an excess(deductible). Where a credit stipulates "insurance against all risks", banks will accept an insurance document which contains any "all risks" notation or clause, whether or not bearing the heading "all risks", even if the insurance document indicates that certain risks are excluded, without responsibility for any risk(5) not being covered." It is important to keep in mind for the L/C applicant to use ICC(A/R) or ICC(A), when L/C is opened under all risks being covered.

미 관세청의 운송인 추가정보제출이 국제해상운송인에게 미치는 영향 : 10+2 법안을 중심으로

송선욱 한국관세학회 2009 관세학회지 Vol.10 No.1

On January 1, 2008, the U.S. CBP published a notice of proposed rulemaking called Importer Security Filing and Additional Carrier Requirements(known as the "10+2 rule"). After review the submitted comments for NPRM, CBP promulgated 10+2 final rule. This rule was effective on January 26, 2009. CBP believes that the 10+2 rule will help to improve the ability of CBP to identify high-risk shipments to prevent smuggling and to ensure cargo safety and security, and to strengthen secuhty precautions aimed at preventing terrorist's weapons from potentially being transported into the U.S. In the "2" of "10+2", carrier are required to submit vessel stow plan and container status messages(CSMs) to CBP. However, additional carrier requirements(the "2" of "10+2") has some problems to be modified and reviewed, i.e. timing of stow plan submission, stow plan data integrity, definition of CSM events for "intra-terminal movement", protection of carrier's business confidential and privacy. Therefore, CBP need to review and modify these problems for mitigating carrier's burden to compliance with additional carrier requirements. Vessel operating carriers also have to make effort to submit additional data accurately and in a timely manner, and take opportunity for the new source of benefit as authorized agents for ISF importer.