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Senthil-Nathan, S.,Choi, M.-Y.,Paik, C.-H.,Seo, H.-Y.,Kalaivani, K. Academic Press 2009 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.72 No.6
The effects of two different neem products (Parker Oil(TM) and Neema<SUP>(</SUP>R)) on mortality, food consumption and survival of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal (BPH) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) were investigated. The LC<SUB>50</SUB> (3.45ml/L for nymph and 4.42ml/L for adult in Parker Oil(TM) treatment; 4.18ml/L for nymph and 5.63ml/L for adult in Neema<SUP>(</SUP>R) treatment) and LC<SUB>90</SUB> (8.72ml/L for nymph and 11.1ml/L for adult in Parker Oil(TM) treatment; 9.84ml/L for nymph and 13.07ml/L for adult in Neema<SUP>(</SUP>R) treatment) were identified by probit analysis. The LC<SUB>90</SUB> (equal to recommended dose) was applied in the rice field. The effective concentration of both Parker Oil(TM) and Neema<SUP>(</SUP>R) took more than 48h to kill 80% of the N. lugens. Fourth instar nymph and adult female N. lugens were caged on rice plants and exposed to a series (both LC<SUB>50</SUB> and LC<SUB>90</SUB>) of neem concentrations. Nymph and adult female N. lugens that were chronically exposed to neem pesticides showed immediate mortality after application in laboratory experiment. The quantity of food ingested and assimilated by N. lugens on neem-treated rice plants was significantly less than on control rice plants. The results clearly indicate the neem-based pesticide (Parker Oil(TM) and Neema<SUP>(</SUP>R)), containing low lethal concentration, can be used effectively to inhibit the growth and survival of N. lugens.
Senthil Nathan, S.,Choi, Man-Young,Paik, Chae-Hoon,Seo, Hong-Yul Elsevier 2007 Pesticide biochemistry and physiology Vol.88 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The toxicity and physiological (enzyme and nutritional indices) effect of <I>Dysoxylum</I> triterpenes 3β,24,25-trihydroxycycloartane and beddomei lactone were evaluated on the rice leaffolder <I>Cnaphalocrocis medinalis</I> (Guenée). The LC<SUB>50</SUB> [6.66ppm (SD=0.31), 5.79ppm (SD=0.33) for 3β,24,25-DHCL and BL, respectively] and LC <SUB>90</SUB> [14.63ppm (SD=0.36), 13.49ppm (SD=0.27) for 3β,24,25-DHCL and BL, respectively] were identified by probit analysis. Fourth instars were exposed to various concentrations (1.5, 3, 6, and 12ppm) of <I>Dysoxylum</I> triterpenes. Results showed that treated larvae exhibited reduced food consumption and enzyme activity. Food consumption, digestion, relative consumption rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food, efficiency of conversion of digested food, and relative growth rate values declined significantly but the approximate digestibility of treated larvae was significantly higher as a result of treatment (in particular 6 and 12ppm). Likewise, the gut enzymes acid phosphatases, alkaline phosphatases, and adenosine triphosphatases were significantly inhibited by the <I>Dysoxylum</I> triterpenes. The high biological activity of these triterpenes from <I>Dysoxylum</I> sp. could be used as an active principle during the preparation of botanical insecticides for insect pest like rice leaffolder.</P>
Senthil-Nathan, Sengottayan,Kalaivani, Kandaswamy,Choi, Man-Young,Paik, Chae-Hoon Elsevier 2009 Pesticide biochemistry and physiology Vol.95 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>It has been established that jasmonate and its pure derivative, Jasmonic Acid can induce the emission of volatiles similar to those induced by herbivory which fed on the plant. Although the effects of induced resistance on chewing insects have been extensively studied, relatively little is known about their potential effects on phloem-feeding insects such as brown planthoppers. We studied the pattern of within-plant preference in the brown planthopper, <I>Nilaparvata lugens</I> (Stål) (BPH) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) and its consequences for offspring performance on the host-plant <I>Oryza sativa</I> L. (Taebaegbyeo variety) regarding the role of induced resistance of rice plants to hopper feeding. The present study examined the effects of induced resistance on the feeding (food assimilation and digestion), development, egg hatchability and survival. In this study, induced resistance was activated in rice using a foliar application of synthetic jasmonic acid (JA) (low 2.5mM and high 5mM). Induced resistance significantly reduced the longevity and egg hatchability of the adult <I>N. lugens</I>, as well as the percentage of nymphs surviving to maturity (only at high dose). This study also observed <I>N. lugens</I> food utilization, in order to evaluate the potential influence of induced resistance on <I>N. lugens</I> feeding behavior. The quantity of food ingested and assimilated by <I>N. lugens</I> on JA treated rice plants was significantly affected at the high dose of JA. These results indicate that JA application induces systemic defenses in rice that have a direct negative impact on <I>N. lugens</I> survivorship. At high concentration (5mM) several abnormalities possibly related to defective moulting, were observed along with malformed eggs. These findings expand our knowledge the effects of JA-dependent defenses on phloem-feeding insects.</P>
Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan,Muthiah Chellappandian,Muthiah Chellappandian,Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan,Athirstam Ponsankar,Annamalai Thanigaivel,Sengodan Karthi,Edward-Sam Edwin,Selvaraj Selin-Rani 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.4
Fresh leaves of Piper betle Linn. (Piperales: Piperaceae) and Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. (Asterales: Asteraceae), commonly known as betel leaves and East Indian globe thistle, respectively, were harvested and steam distilled for the extraction of P. betle and S. indicus crude volatile oils (Pb-CVO and Si-CVO, respectively). LC 50 calculated on 3 rd instar larvae of dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti Linn. (Diptera: Culicidae) was 42.17 ppm for PbSi-CVO (i.e., herbal formulation based on the EOs of P. betle and S. indicus). The larval and pupal duration were significantly longer post-treatment with 100 ppm of PbSi-CVO, if compared to control. We observed that PbSi-CVO significantly altered the detoxifying enzymes GST and CYP450 compared to the expression of control. Sub-lethal concentrations of PbSi-CVO showed strong repellent properties against dengue mosquitoes, without adverse reactions on the volunteers experiencing the repellent assays. Lastly, the adulticidal activity of PbSi-CVO was studied. Overall, our study outlined that this herbal product represents a promising candidate for the development of botanical based adulticidal agents.
Sahayaraj K.,Asharaja A.,Ponsankar A.,Martin Rathi J.,Senthil-Nathan S. 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.2
Outburst of harmful insects in the agricultural environment cause potential risk to farmers and it makes an alarm to scientific communities for the development of effective pest management strategies. Prevalent usage of synthetic pesticides results in the development of insect resistance and make higher toxicity to non-target organisms. Phytochemicals derived from seaweeds offers an alternative solution for controlling the agricultural pest. The growth and development of Dysdercus cingulatus was affected by the chloroform extract of sea weed Caulerpa veravalensis at various concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/mL). Similarly, relative growth rate (RGR) and oviposition also significantly decreased compared to control. The crude extract of C. veravalensis was further eluted through the column chromatography and partially purified fractions were tested to find toxicity against third instar nymph of D. cingulatus. The active fraction FVI illustrates higher mortality hence it was subjected to GC–MS analysis to find the active chemical constituents. The GC–MS results revealed that nine major compounds with nymphicidal activity against D. cingulatus. Probit analysis of 95% confidential level showing a LC 50 value of 183.307 μg/mL against the third instar nymph of D. cingulatus. Our findings suggest that Tetradecanoic acid, 10, 13-dimethyl-, methyl ester from fraction FVI shows highest peak area percentage of 89.2% and it may be one of the insecticidal compounds affecting the behavior of D. cingulatus.
Edward-Sam Edwin,Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan,Athirstam Ponsankar,Annamalai Thanigaivel,Selvaraj Selin-Rani,RichardW.Mankin,Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan,Kandaswamy Kalaivani,Ramasamy Kanagaraj Murali 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.4
Trichogramma species are used worldwide as biological control agents. A particularly important application is mass-rearing and release formanagement of field-crop and warehouse insect pests. Eggs of commonly available hosts, Spodoptera litura, Corcyra cephalonica, Plutella xylostella and Helicoverpa armigera, were exposed to different temperature and nonionizing ultraviolet (UV) radiation treatments to consider whether particular combinations of treatments positively affected T. chilonis development. The treatments had different effects on three measures of parasitoid production: the rate of parasitization, adult emergence, and adult viability. At constant temperature (24, 28, 32 °C), the mean percentage of egg parasitization was greatest on treatments of S. litura eggs. However, the mean percentage of adult emergence was significantly greater from C. cephalonica eggs at 28 °C than from eggs in other treatments. The mean percentage of adult viability was found to be 83.9% from C. cephalonica eggs at 28 °C. Ultraviolet radiation treatments (3, 6, or 9 min at 254 nm) significantly increased the mean percentage parasitization over that of the non-UV treatments. Also, the mean percentage of adult parasitoid emergence and viability were greater fromC. cephalonica eggs exposed to non-ionizing UV radiation than from eggs of other hosts in all other treatments. This information can be used bymanagers of mass-rearing programs to increase the effectiveness of T. chilonis production for biological control of pest insects.
Intra-operative fractures in primary total knee arthroplasty - a systematic review
Purudappa Prabhudev Prasad,Ramanan Sruthi Priyavadhana,Tripathy Sujit Kumar,Varatharaj Sushrruti,Mounasamy Varatharaj,Sambandam Senthil Nathan 대한슬관절학회 2020 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.32 No.-
Background: One of the rare complications of primary total knee arthroplasty is intra-operative fracture. Intraoperative fracture during revision knee arthroplasty has been well-documented but there is limited literature on fractures occurring during primary knee arthroplasty. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to compare and contrast the various studies to clearly define the predisposing factors, incidence, and characteristics of the fracture itself and to arrive at a consensus on the management and prevention of intra-operative fractures during primary knee arthroplasty. Methods: The PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, Scopus and Embase databases were searched using keywords “intraoperative fracture”, “distal femoral fracture”, “tibial fracture”, “patella fracture” and “primary total knee arthroplasty”. A total of 158 articles were retrieved and after further filtration and exclusion processing, 10 articles that evaluated intra-operative fractures in primary total knee arthroplasty were included for the review. Results: The reported incidence of intra-operative fractures varied from 0.2% to 4.4%. A higher incidence in female patients with a male to female ratio of 0.4 was reported. Posterior stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty was associated with higher risk of intra-operative femoral fractures by many authors in this review. Timing of occurrence and location of the intra-operative fractures can vary widely, with femoral fractures occurring more commonly during bone preparation, trialing and impaction of the final implant and tibial fractures occurring during preparation for the tibial keel and impaction of the tibial component. Conclusions: Intra-operative fractures during primary total knee arthroplasty are rare with higher risk associated with osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, advanced age, female gender, chronic steroid use, metabolic bone disorders, PS type of femoral implant and difficult surgical exposure of the knee joint due to severe deformities. A plethora of management options have been utilized according to surgeon preference. Standard principles of fracture fixation and arthroplasty principles should be followed to achieve stable internal fixation and any unstable fracture site should be bypassed with the utilization of stemmed components. Satisfactory radiographic and functional outcome can be expected with appropriate treatment.
월동 끝동매미충(Nephotettix cincticeps)의 약충태별 두폭크기 및 밀도변화
강석민,백채훈,이건휘,최만영,황창연,Kang, Seok-Min,Paik, Chae-Hoon,Lee, Geon-Hwi,Choi, Man-Young,Sengottayan, Senthil-Nathan,Hwang, Chang-Yeon 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.48 No.2
본 연구는 월동하는 끝동매미충의 충태별 분포를 두폭측정법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 끝동매미충 1령, 2령, 3령, 4령 및 5령 약충에 대한 두폭크기는 각각 0.381, 0.502, 0.673, 0.879 및 1.128mm였으며, 변이계수는 5.3, 4.0, 3.0, 4.5 및 5.3%였다. 성장률은 2령, 3령, 4령 약충에서는 1.31${\sim}$1.34로 큰 차이가 없었지만 5령에서 1.28로 약간 감소하였다. 두폭측정값의 회귀식을 구한 결과, LogY = 1.4627+0.1192X($r^2=0.9993$)으로 고도의 유의성이 인정되었고, Dyar 공식에 의한 적합도는 98% 이상으로 매우 적합하였으며, Dyar 계수(K)는 1.316이었다. 월동하는 끝동매미충의 밀도 및 충태 변화를 조사한 결과, 2006년 1월 하순에 0.25 $m^2$ 당 195마리가 채집되어 밀도가 가장 높았고, 월동 충태 조사에서는 90% 이상이 4령 약충이었다. 3월 중순부터 5령 약충의 발생량이 증가하였고, 월동 후 첫 성충발생은 4월 상순이었다. This study was conducted to investigate specific stages and distribution of overwintering nymphs of green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps by measuring head capsule width. The nymphal head capsule width of the 1st instar to the 5th instar was 0.381, 0.502, 0.673, 0.979 and 1.128 mm, respectively. lts coefficient variation was 5.3, 4.0, 3.0, 4.5 and 5.3%, respectively. Growth ratio of each instar was not significantly different among 2nd to 4th instars as 1.31 to 1.34, but for the 5th instar it decreased as 1.28. The logarithm of the nymphal head capsule width was regressed as a function of the stage number of insects, resulting in LogY = 1.4627 + 0.1192X ($r^2= 0.9993$). Also fitness to the Dyar's law for the nymphal head capsule width of each instar was 98% or over and the Dyar's constant (K) was 1.316. The occurrence of N. cincticeps was maximum at the end of January with 195 individuals/0.25 $m^2$. The most abundant instar in the overwintering N. cincticeps population was 4th instar accounting for over 90%. Population of the 5th instar began to increase from mid-March, and adults began to occur in early April.