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정승기,남철현,신두만,양숙희,김기열,이미경,문기내 대한보건협회 2002 대한보건연구 Vol.28 No.3
This study was conducted to examine the condition of patients with arthritis and its related factors. Data were collected from 100 people who suffered from arthritis in Seoul. Busan, Daegu, Daejun, Junjoo, and pohang from April 2, 2000 to July 31, 2000. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. 6L0% of the subjects were female. The incidence rate of arthritis was higher in the higher age group, lower educated group, and thinner group. In case of male, the incidence rate was higher in the groups of single, residents in big cities, and technicians. In case of female, it was higher in the groups of the married, residents in towns or villages, and housewives. 2. According to the parts of arthritis, knee joint covered 67.4% and backspine joint covered 9.0%. The incidence rate of arthritis was higher in the groups of forties, housewives, single, irreligious people, residents in towns and villages, primary school graduates, thin people, and walk exercisers. 3. The arthritis patients felt pain most when they stood up (31.5%). According to the time when they felt pain most, the time when they were active during daytime was 31.5% and nighttime was 29.8%. When they got up in the morning was 22.4%, while 10.9% felt pain all cay long. 4. they had arthralgia knees and cramp in crook of the knees (21.8%). Their knees ticked when they moved (21.1%). The had to rest hands on anyplace when they stood up (18.7%) and they could not completely unfold their knees. 5. The medical institutions which diagnosed them showed significant difference in the variables of sex, age, marital status, religion, place in residence, education level, economic status, obesity level, exercise, parts of arthritis, and posture of feeling pain. from above results, it can be concluded that it is necessary to develop appropriate medical treatment on the basis of the respondents' socio-democraphic characteristics, pain parts, period of having a pain, satisfaction level with treatment and its related factors. Therefore, related professionals and organizations must develop education program for prevention of arthritis in order to educate them.
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金起柱,金東弼,金元燮,房極生 全北大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.27 No.-
An amorphous semiconductor, which has not long distant orders of atomic arrangement, is dissimilar to crystalline semiconductor in optical and electrical characteristics. For applications as industrial materials. its manufacturing and matters of concern. Glow discharge method was used in this research and improvement of transformation efficiency, technical development of modulation, and reformation of the structure and characteristics of noncrystalline are surveyes.
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Bi_2Sr_2Ca_1-xNa_xCu_2O_8+y 산화물 고온초전도체의 Ca 위치에 Na치환 효과
이민수,송승용,이종용,송기영,최봉수 대전산업대학교 반도체기술연구소 1999 半導體技術硏究所報 Vol.1 No.-
산화물 고온초전도체의 초전도성은 Cu-O면의 hole 농도와 밀접한 상호관계를 갖고 있음이 잘 알려져있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 Cu-O면의 hole 농도를 변화시키기 위해, Bi계 2212상(80K 상)의 구조안에 있는 +2가인 Ca 위치에 +1가의 알카리 원소를 치환하였다. 즉, Cu-O면의 hole 농도를 변화시킴에 따른 초전도성의 변화 및 초전도체의 결정구조 변화를 조사하였다. 그 결과 Ca 위치에 Na를 치환한 고용한계는 x<0.3이었다. 시료 안의 Na 치환량을 증가시킴에 따라 임계온도 T_c 와 hole 농도는 점차 증가하여 최대값을 갖은 후 서서히 감소 되었고, Na 치환량 x>-0.7 이상에서는 금속 - 반도체 전이현상이 관찰되었다. 또한 Na 치환의 고용한계내에서 결정상수 c^-축은 점차 감소하였고, a,b- 축은 점차 증가되는 경향을 보였다. The samples of Bi_2Sr_2Ca_1-xNa_xCu_2O_8+y with various carrier concentration were synthesized by substituting Na for Ca ion. The superconducting properties, hall coefficients and X-ray powder diffraction were measured the samples. Single phase samples were obtained for 0<-x0.3 of Bi_2Sr_2Ca_1-xNa_xCu_2O_8+y. In the single phase, the critical temperature T_c and carrier concentration increase with the increase of Na concentration pass through a maximum and then decreases. In the range of x>-0.7 to the Na doped samples, howerever, we observed the metal-semiconductor transition. The c-axis seemed to decrease and a, and b-axes increase with increasing Na concentration in the single phase. Decreasing of c-axis while increasing x is due to the smaller size of Na^-1 ions to the Ca+2 ions. In the range of x>0.3 however, the trend becomes ambiguous due to the inclusion of the 10 K phase and impurity phase.
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Bi계 산화물 초전도체 2212상에 있어서 Bi 자리에 Ge 치환에 따른 초전도 특성
신재수,이민수,최봉수,송승용,송기영 대전산업대학교 반도체기술연구소 2000 半導體技術硏究所報 Vol.2 No.-
고상반응법(solid-state reaction)으로 산화물 초전도체 Bi_2-xGe_xSr_2CaCu_2O_8+8(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5)을 제조하여 치환에 따른 산소량의 변화가 초전도 특성에 미치는 영향에 관하여 조사하였다. 이차 가압(intermediate press) 방법으로 제조한 시편은 온도 폭 △K(온도 임계온도 T_c^on과 영저항 임계온도 T_c^zero와의 차)가 상당히 감소함을 알았으며 80 K 단일상 고용한계는 Ge 치환량이 x<- 0.3영역임을 알았다. 고용한계 영역 내에서 Ge 치환량 x의 증가에 따라 격자상수 c가 감소함을 보였으며, 온셋 임계온도 T_c^on은 증가하였고, 과잉(여분) 샨소량은 감소함을 보였다. Samples with the nominal composition, Bi_2-xGe_xSr_2CaCu_2O_8+8(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. We have studied the effect of substitution Ge for Bi and investigated the superconducting properties by changing oxygen content with Ge substitution. It was found that temperature difference, △K, between T_c^on and T_c^zero was considerably smaller in the samples prepared by the intermediate pressing method than that in the samples by the solid-state reaction method. We found the solubility limit of Ge to the 80 K single phase, the onset critical temperature T_c^on increased and excess oxygen content decreased with increase of x.
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A Study of the HNS Gel Pack Absorbent
Kwon, Ki-Seng,Jeong, Hae-Jong,Lee, Hai-Hyun The Korean Association of Ocean Science and Techno 2006 Journal of Ocean Science and Technology Vol.3 No.1
The volume of hazardous and noxious substance via ocean transportations has been increased continuously and the number of chemical complexes, whose size each is getting large, have been increased as well by geometrical progression. Internationally, the agreement (protocol) of OPRC HNS was adopted by IMO (International Marine Organization) in London, U. K in May 2000 and since then Korean government (MOMAF and KCG) has prepared for its execution in terms of practical affairs in line with the agreement of OPRC HNS. The numerous accidents and risks due to oil and HNS have occurred continuously at vessels and offshore facilities and they are expected to create tremendous amount of damage of human lives, assets and marine environment. In this study, we would like to preserve our marine environment when any pollution (HNS) accident happens by inventing HNS gel pack absorbent which can be used as a pollution prevention substance and by evaluating the capacity and efficiency for the HNS gel pack absorbent.
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『육조단경(六祖壇經)』과 『돈오입도요문론(頓悟入道要門論)』에 나타난 "돈오(頓悟)"사상의 고찰
정기성 ( Ki Seng Jeng ) 동아시아불교문화학회 2015 동아시아불교문화 Vol.0 No.24
본고에서는 선종(禪宗)의 성립을 알리는 표지(標識)이면서 조사선(祖師禪)의 종전(宗典)으로 받들어지고 있는 『육조단경(六祖壇經)』과 그를 계승한 대주혜해(大珠慧海)의 『돈오입도요문론(頓悟入道要門論)』에 나타나는 ‘돈오’와 관련된 선사상을 고찰하였다. ‘돈오’는 위진(魏晋)시기 도생(道生)에 의하여 제시된 가장 중국적인 불교사상으로, 역대로 천태종과 화엄종의 교학에서도 적극적으로 수용되었던 개념이다. 특히 선종에 있어서는 하택신회(荷澤神會)와 『단경』에 있어서 채택되어 이후 조사선의 가장 핵심적인 선사상으로 운용된다. 『단경』에서는 ‘불성(佛性)’을 ‘자성(自性)’과 ‘자심(自心)’으로 설정하고있다. 『단경』에서 설하는 ‘자성’과 ‘자심’은 일반적인 불성의 ‘평등과 청정’의 성격을 지니고 있지만, 한편으로는 우리가 늘 접하는 심성(心性)과 인성(人性)의 각도로부터 논하고 있으며, 또한 그에 대하여 ‘돈오’할것을 지극히 강조하고 있다. 이러한 ‘돈오’의 입장에서는 전통적인 교학(敎學)과 북종(北宗) 신수(神秀)가 주장하는 ‘정(定)’으로부터 ‘혜(慧)’가 발현된다는 ‘종정발혜(從定發慧)’를 ‘정혜등학(定慧等學)’으로 제시한다. 『단경』에서는 또한 ‘돈오’의 입장에서 수행론이면서 도달할 궁극적인 경지로서의 ‘무념(無念)ㆍ무상(無相)ㆍ무주(無住)’를 제창하고 있음을 고찰하였다. 이러한 『단경』의 선사상은 홍주종(洪州宗)의 마조도일과 대주혜해가 적극적으로 계승한다고 할 수 있는데, 특히 대주혜해는 『돈오입도요문론』을 찬술하여 ‘돈오’사상을 적극적으로 선양한다. 『돈오입도요문론』에서는 『단경』의 ‘정혜등학’을 ‘정혜등용(定慧等用)’으로 논하고, ‘무념ㆍ무상ㆍ무주’ 역시 자신의 새로운 관점을 더하여 해석하고 있음을 볼 수 있다. 특히 혜해는 마조의 선사상적 특질인 ‘즉심즉불(卽心卽佛)’과 ‘도불용수(道不用修)’, ‘평상심시도(平常心是道)’의 관점들을 운용하여 『단경』의 선사상을 재해석하고 있음이 두드러진다. This study consider zen thought with regard to Dono based on Yukjodangyung and Donoipdoyomun theory. Dono(頓悟), presented by Tao Sheng(道生) during Wei Jin(魏晉) dynasty, is the best chinese perspective Buddhism. It is regarded the most significant thought of Patriarch zen. On the Yukjodangyung, ‘the nature of Buddha(佛性)’ is established to ‘own-being(自性)’ and ‘own-mind(自心)’. And it suggested freedom from all ideas and thoughts as the ultimate stage. Daeju Hyehae(大珠慧海), succeed to the Yukjodangyung, edited Donoipdoyomun theory. In Donoipdoyomun theory he interpretate with his own viewpoint about ‘freedom from all thoughts(無念)’ ‘freedom from all physiognomy(無相)’ ‘freedom from all stay(無住)’.
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