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Tiago de Souza Leite,Andréia Cnossen-Fassoni,Olinto Liparini Pereira,Eduardo Seiti Gomide Mizubuti,Elza Fernandes de Araújo,Marisa Vieira de Queiroz 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.1
Fungal endophytes were isolated from the leaves of soybean cultivars in Brazil using two different isolation techniques – fragment plating and the innovative dilution-to-extinction culturing – to increase the species richness, frequency of isolates and diversity. A total of 241 morphospecies were obtained corresponding to 62 taxa that were identified by analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The Phylum Ascomycota predominated, representing 99% and 95.2% of isolates in the Monsoy and Conquista cultivars, respectively, whereas the Phylum Basidiomycota represented 1% and 4.8% of isolates, respectively. The genera Ampelomyces, Annulohypoxylon, Guignardia, Leptospora, Magnaporthe, Ophiognomonia, Paraconiothyrium, Phaeosphaeriopsis, Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces, and Xylaria for the first time were isolated from soybean; this suggests that soybean harbours novel and highly diverse fungi. The yeasts genera Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces (subphylum Pucciniomycotina) represent the Phylum Basidiomycota. The species richness was greater when both isolation techniques were used. The diversity of fungal endophytes was similar in both cultivars when the same isolation technique was used except for Hill’s index, N1. The use of ITS region sequences allowed the isolates to be grouped according to Order, Class and Phylum. Ampelomyces, Chaetomium, and Phoma glomerata are endophytic species that may play potential roles in the biological control of soybean pathogens. This study is one of the first to apply extinction-culturing to isolate fungal endophytes in plant leaves, thus contributing to the development and improvement of this technique for future studies.
Fabiula Patricia Novakoski,Leandro Paiola Albrecht,Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht,André Felipe Moreira Silva,Mateus Dalpubel Mattiuzzi,Tamara Thaís Mundt,Eduardo Seity Furlan Kashivaqui,Felipe Gustavo 한국작물학회 2020 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.23 No.3
Plant lodging is among the factors that limit the productive potential of the soybean crop. Growth regulators or even herbicides may be used in pre- and post-emergence of soybean to minimize the chance of lodging. These products can act to reduce plant height or the number of branches. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and agronomic performance of soybean under the post-emergence application of growth regulators and herbicides. Two experiments were conducted in Palotina, Paraná State (PR), Brazil. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Treatments consisted of the application mepiquat chloride, trinexapac, cloransulam, lactofen, and control (without application). Crop injury, chlorophyll indices, and variables related to growth and agronomic performance of soybean crop were evaluated. Post-emergence application of lactofen (36 g a.i. ha −1 ) or cloransulam (33.6 g a.i. ha −1 ) on soybean (V3–V4) reduced the height of soybean plants, but showed no negative eff ect on soybean yield. Therefore, these herbicides are alternatives to reduce the lodging of soybean plants. Post-emergence application of mepiquat chloride (100 g a.i. ha −1 ) was selective to soybean plants, but did not reduce plant growth. Trinexapac application (125 g a.i. ha −1 ) did not reduce plant growth and had a deleterious potential on soybean yield. Therefore, post-emergence application of trinexapac on soybean is not recommended.