Sirtuin/Sir2 Phylogeny, Evolutionary Considerations and Structural Conservation

Sebastian Greiss,Anton Gartner 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.28 No.5

The sirtuins are a protein family named after the first identified member, S. cerevisiae Sir2p. Sirtuins are protein deacetylases whose activity is dependent on NAD+ as a cosubstrate. They are structurally defined by two central domains that together form a highly conserved catalytic center, which catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl moiety from acetyllysine to NAD+, yielding nicotinamide, the unique metabolite O-acetyl-ADP-ribose and deacetylated lysine. One or more sirtuins are present in virtually all species from bacteria to mammals. Here we describe a phylogenetic analysis of sirtuins. Based on their phylogenetic relationship, sirtuins can be grouped into over a dozen classes and subclasses. Humans, like most vertebrates, have seven sirtuins: SIRT1-SIRT7. These function in diverse cellular pathways, regulating transcriptional repression, aging, metabolism, DNA damage responses and apoptosis. We show that these seven sirtuins arose early during animal evolution. Conserved residues cluster around the catalytic center of known sirtuin family members.

Ultra Broadband Indoor Channel Measurements and Calibrated Ray Tracing Propagation Modeling at THz Frequencies

Sebastian Priebe,Marius Kannicht,Martin Jacob,Thomas Kürner 한국통신학회 2013 Journal of communications and networks Vol.15 No.6

Ultra broadband communication systems operated atTHz frequencies will require the thorough knowledge of the propagationchannel. Therefore, an extensive measurement campaignof 50 GHz wide indoor radio channels is presented for the frequenciesbetween 275 and 325 GHz. Individual ray paths are resolvedspatially according to angle of arrival and departure. A MIMOchannel is recorded in a 2×2 configuration. An advanced frequency domain ray tracing approach is usedto deterministically simulate the THz indoor propagation channel. The ray tracing results are validated with the measurement data. Moreover, the measurements are utilized for the calibration of theray tracing algorithm. Resulting ray tracing accuracies are discussed.

PHABULOSA Controls the Quiescent Center-Independent Root Meristem Activities in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Sebastian, Jose,Ryu, Kook Hui,Zhou, Jing,Tarkowská,, Danuš,e,Tarkowski, Petr,Cho, Young-Hee,Yoo, Sang-Dong,Kim, Eun-Sol,Lee, Ji-Young Public Library of Science 2015 PLoS genetics Vol.11 No.3

<▼1><P>Plant growth depends on stem cell niches in meristems. In the root apical meristem, the quiescent center (QC) cells form a niche together with the surrounding stem cells. Stem cells produce daughter cells that are displaced into a transit-amplifying (TA) domain of the root meristem. TA cells divide several times to provide cells for growth. SHORTROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) are key regulators of the stem cell niche. Cytokinin controls TA cell activities in a dose-dependent manner. Although the regulatory programs in each compartment of the root meristem have been identified, it is still unclear how they coordinate one another. Here, we investigate how PHABULOSA (PHB), under the posttranscriptional control of SHR and SCR, regulates TA cell activities. The root meristem and growth defects in <I>shr</I> or <I>scr</I> mutants were significantly recovered in the <I>shr phb</I> or <I>scr phb</I> double mutant, respectively. This rescue in root growth occurs in the absence of a QC. Conversely, when the modified <I>PHB</I>, which is highly resistant to microRNA, was expressed throughout the stele of the wild-type root meristem, root growth became very similar to that observed in the <I>shr</I>; however, the identity of the QC was unaffected. Interestingly, a moderate increase in <I>PHB</I> resulted in a root meristem phenotype similar to that observed following the application of high levels of cytokinin. Our protoplast assay and transgenic approach using <I>ARR10</I> suggest that the depletion of TA cells by high PHB in the stele occurs via the repression of B-ARR activities. This regulatory mechanism seems to help to maintain the cytokinin homeostasis in the meristem. Taken together, our study suggests that PHB can dynamically regulate TA cell activities in a QC-independent manner, and that the SHR-PHB pathway enables a robust root growth system by coordinating the stem cell niche and TA domain.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Plant roots are programmed to grow continuously into the soil, searching for nutrients and water. The iterative process of cell division, elongation, and differentiation contributes to root growth. The quiescent center (QC) is known to maintain the root meristem, and thus ensure root growth. In this study, we report a novel aspect of root growth regulation controlled independently of the QC by PHABULOSA (PHB). In <I>shr</I> mutant plants, PHB, which in the meristem is actively restricted to the central region of the stele by SHORTROOT (SHR) via <I>miR165/6</I>, suppresses root meristem activity leading to root growth arrest. A high concentration of PHB in the stele does this by modulating B-ARR activity through a QC-independent pathway. Accordingly, we observed a significant recovery of root meristem activity and growth in the <I>shr phb</I> double mutant, while the QC remained absent. However, the presence of QC may be required to sustain continuous root growth. On the basis of our results, we propose that SHR maintains root growth via two separate pathways: by modulating PHB levels in the root stele, and by maintaining the QC identity.</P></▼2>

Modification of Cellulose and Rutile Welding Electrode Coating by Infiltrated TiO2 Nanoparticles

Sebastian Balos,Leposava Sidjanin,Miroslav Dramicanin,Danka Labus,Branka Pilic,Mirjana Jovicic 대한금속·재료학회 2016 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.22 No.3

In this paper, a novel method of infiltration of TiO2 nanoparticles into the coating of the cellulose and rutile shielded metal arc welding electrode is shown. Tensile properties and strength of weld metals were correlated to the chemical composition of the weld metals, ferrite type, and non-metallic inclusion type, size and composition. As infiltration time is increased in the cellulose electrodes, the non-metallic inclusion count increases and their size decreases. They act as inoculants and lead to the replacement of Widmanstaetten with the finegrained acicular ferrite which increases the mechanical properties of the welds. The modification of rutile electrodes with low and medium infiltration time also refines the microstructure and increases the mechanical properties. Specimens welded with rutile electrodes infiltrated at maximum duration exhibited the lowest mechanical properties due to the relatively large non-metallic inclusions that act as void nucleation sites and the appearance of large grain allotriomorphic ferrite in the weld metal.

E-Procurement in the European Union

( Sebastian Bobowski ),( Jan Gola ) 한국EU학회 2019 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.17 No.1

The aim of the paper is to study the public procurement market in the European Union (EU) in the context of procurement digitalization (e-procurement). It will also then examine the comprehensive use of electronic tools both by businesses participating in a tender procedure and public sector in charge of procedure management. The procurement digitalization is expected to make public spending more transparent, effective, optimized, evidence- and market- oriented. The new EU legislation goes beyond the use of electronic tools to simplify preaward and post-award stages of the procurement procedure, both to facilitate businesses to participate and public sector to manage the procurement. Among the key opportunities resulting from digitalization there is an improvement of access to public procurement markets for enterprises, with special regard to SMEs, increased transparency, simplification and acceleration of procedures, reduction of costs of participation in the procedure for all parties, reduction in administrative burden and red-tape, encouraging innovation. The paper addresses major aspects of transition to e-procurement in the EU, including, among others, ESPD and e-Certis, EXEP, ESPD, e-PIOR, The Classical Sector Directive 2014/24/EU, E-Invoicing Directive 2014/55/EU, as well as activities of CEN, CEF, EMSFEI, e-SENS, and IMI.

Use of Machine Learning for modelling the wear of MgO-C refractories in Basic Oxygen Furnace

Sebastian Sado,Wiesław Zelik,Ryszard Lech 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2022 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.23 No.4

Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF), TBM type (Thyssen – Blas – Metallurgie) is one of the heat units occurring in a steel productionprocess. The refractory lining of BOF consists of several zones and is lined with MgO-C bricks. For the above mentioned zonesrefractories with different properties are selected due to the different factors influencing the corrosion process. Intense wearof refractories is observed mainly at the slag spout zone in accordance to the influence of thermochemical, thermomechanicalfactors (including the oxidizing atmosphere). The aim of this paper is to find the regression formula with satisfactory forecastmeasure of fit, which will make it possible to predict the refractory material wear in the slag spout zone of BOF dependingon the real wear measurement made during the BOF operation. Calculations were conducted with the use of regression treeswith CART algorithm (Classification and Regression Trees), Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), Boosted Treesalgorithm and Multilayer Neural Networks MLP type (Multilayer Perceptron). Selected metallurgical parameters registeredduring the BOF campaign are the independent variables discussed in refractory material wear models, whereas the wear rateof refractory materials calculated per one heat is set as a dependent variable.

The Limitations of Tax Law Interpretation in Germany

Sebastian Müller-Franken 한국국제조세협회 2014 조세학술논집 Vol.30 No.2

Tax laws are interpreted with the same methods as other laws. The general canon of interpreting methods so applies. The most important and substantial principle of taxation in Germany is the ability to pay principle; it has to be regarded by the interpreter. In the case of a difference between the interpretation of the wording and the interpretation of the purpose in Germany the answer as to which interpretation of tax law is more important is differentiated. If the wording and the purpose of a law differ from one another, the purpose of the law takes priority, if it is somehow compatible with the wording. If the wording and the purpose are incompatible with each other the question whether there exists an “interpretation against the wording” arises. The Federal Finance Court considers this possible. But this is rather a question of the judicial development of the law–and then according to its own requirements and limits. An interpretation of a statute in a way that is contrary to its wording is basically prohibited. But this assertion is only the policy. The Federal Finance Court holds that as an exception the interpreter may interpret a statute against its wording if the exact interpretation of the wording is contrary to the sense intended or if otherwise accepted ways of interpretation require it. Outer limitations accordingly are those limitations which derive from outside the body of the law. Under this aspect the interpretation also finds its limit in higher ranked law: the interpretation for the Member States of the European Union like Germany ends with the provisions of the Union Law. The limit of the interpretation of tax law can also be found in the public international law. Finaly the interpretation of tax law finds – like the interpretation of every other law too–its limits first and foremost in the constitution. If the interpretation of a tax law leads to a result that contradicts the constitution it is not allowed to take this result as a basis. The law applicant must choose an interpretation that is in accordance with the constitution instead.

Another Mega-Regional Trade Bloc under Construction? The Case of the European Union (EU) - Japan Free Trade Agreement (FTA)

( Sebastian Bobowski ) 한국EU학회 2017 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.15 No.2

The aim of the paper is to study the implications of the EU - Japan FTA, accounting for 28.36 percent of the global GDP and 34.72 percent of the global exports. Japan is the EU’s second largest trade partner from Asia, while the EU is the largest investor in Japan. Both for the EU and Japan the proposed FTA is an opportunity to set multilateral rules of trade in the 21st century and challenge hegemonic ambitions of the United States and China at both regional and global levels. The paper addresses the concept of mega-regionalism in trade, delivers a comprehensive study of bilateral trade relations between the EU and Japan, the genesis of the proposed FTA and important stages in trade talks, as well as implications of the agreement.

The Limitations of Tax Law Interpretation in Germany

Sebastian Mueller-Franken 한국국제조세협회 2014 조세학술논집 Vol.30 No.2

Tax laws are interpreted with the same methods as other laws. The general canon of interpreting methods so applies. The most important and substantial principle of taxation in Germany is the ability to pay principle; it has to be regarded by the interpreter. In the case of a difference between the interpretation of the wording and the interpretation of the purpose in Germany the answer as to which interpretation of tax law is more important is differentiated. If the wording and the purpose of a law differ from one another, the purpose of the law takes priority, if it is somehow compatible with the wording. If the wording and the purpose are incompatible with each other the question whether there exists an “interpretation against the wording” arises. The Federal Finance Court considers this possible. But this is rather a question of the judicial development of the law?and then according to its own requirements and limits. An interpretation of a statute in a way that is contrary to its wording is basically prohibited. But this assertion is only the policy. The Federal Finance Court holds that as an exception the interpreter may interpret a statute against its wording if the exact interpretation of the wording is contrary to the sense intended or if otherwise accepted ways of interpretation require it. Outer limitations accordingly are those limitations which derive from outside the body of the law. Under this aspect the interpretation also finds its limit in higher ranked law: the interpretation for the Member States of the European Union like Germany ends with the provisions of the Union Law. The limit of the interpretation of tax law can also be found in the public international law. Finaly the interpretation of tax law finds - like the interpretation of every other law too?its limits first and foremost in the constitution. If the interpretation of a tax law leads to a result that contradicts the constitution it is no allowed to take this result as a basis. The law applicant must choose an interpretation that is in accordance with the constitution instead.

Visual Tropes in the Ancient Mediterranean: The Case of Situla Art (c. 600–400 BC)

Sebastian Müller 한국세계문화사학회 2017 세계 역사와 문화 연구 Vol.0 No.45

Situla art occurring in northern Italy and the southeast alpine area from 600 B.C. has been an intensively discussed phenomenon. The figurative scenes on the eponymous bronze vessels are often understood as direct representations of the local people’s customs, lifestyle or even of historical events in the area of their discovery. An examination of the scenes based on their general themes demonstrates, however, that despite the inclusion of regional elements, there is a huge similarity with motifs of Etruscan art and even with older visual artwork from Anatolia and Mesopotamia. Although it is possible that the depicted images were connected locally with individual narratives, their main function was to communicate the affiliation of the owner of the decorated objects to the elite stratum of the society. There is no doubt that regional and cultural elements as well as the purpose of the decorated object influenced the visual content, there are, however, recurring themes or visual tropes that connect different civilizations and cultures through space and time. These similarities might be explainable by their universal character that applied to the ideals, but also to the reality of lives of the elite members in the prehistoric and ancient Mediterranean. (Busan University of Foreign Studies)