Effects of packaging parameters on the inactivation of <i>Salmonella</i> contaminating mixed vegetables in plastic packages using atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma treatment

Kim, Su Yeon,Bang, In Hee,Min, Sea C. Elsevier 2019 Journal of food engineering Vol.242 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Effects of packaging parameters on the inactivation of <I>Salmonella</I> contaminating mixed vegetables in plastic packages using atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma treatment (ADCPT) were investigated. The inactivation rate of indigenous aerobes of grape tomatoes in low density polyethylene packaging (1.2 log CFU/tomato) was higher than that in polyethylene terephthalate packaging (0.8 log CFU/tomato). Increasing oxygen concentration in the package headspace by 85% did not affect the <I>Salmonella</I> reduction rate. However, an increase in the volume ratio of headspace to sample from 30:1 to 43:1, a change from indirect treatment to direct treatment, and the use of secondary packaging led to an increase in the <I>Salmonella</I> reduction rates by 1.2, 2.3, and 0.7 log CFU/tomato, respectively. The water vapor permeability of the tested packages increased after ADCPT by 16.7–41.7%, while tensile properties, transparency, glass transition temperature, and surface morphology did not change. Differences in inactivation effects according to package shape were eliminated by shaking during treatment. The results demonstrated the packaging parameter-dependent efficacy of in-package ADCPT and effective ADCPT for mixed vegetable decontamination with minimal package property modification.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) decontaminates mixed vegetables in plastic containers. </LI> <LI> Effective container parameters include the kinds of plastics and package shape. </LI> <LI> Effective treatment parameters are container shaking and sample–electrode distance. </LI> <LI> Other key parameters are secondary packaging and headspace-sample volume ratio. </LI> </UL> </P>

韓國産業成長過程에 있어서의 技術進步率推計에 관한 硏究

陳世仁,金舜坤,裵東園 건국대학교 1976 學術誌 Vol.20 No.1

Ethyl benzoate 合成에 미치는 觸媒의 影響에 對한 小考

김인숙,오세종,유경희,허순자 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1967 梨花藥學硏究 Vol.- No.8

The concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen chloride gas which are strong acid by the Bronsted concepts, have been between benzoic acid and ethyl alcohol. In this paper we have studied about comparing with the yield and rate of the catalytic reactions on above two catalysers.

英國과 獨逸에 있어서의 産學協同에 關한 硏究

陳世仁,黃七星,禹洪九,尹慶宇,朴東熙 건국대학교 1974 學術誌 Vol.17 No.1

Effects of Vitamin C or E on the Pro-inflammatory Cytokines, Heat Shock Protein 70 and Antioxidant Status in Broiler Chicks under Summer Conditions

Jang, In-Surk,Ko, Young-Hyun,Moon, Yang-Soo,Sohn, Sea-Hwan Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.5

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary antioxidants on pro-inflammatory cytokines, heat shock protein (HSP) and antioxidant status in broiler chicks under summer conditions. A total of 162, 3-d-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a basal diet (CON) and the basal diet supplemented with vitamin C (200 mg/kg diet, VCD) or vitamin E (100 mg/kg, VED) until 35 day of age. All birds were exposed to summer diurnal heat stress at average daily fluctuations of temperature between $32^{\circ}C$ to $34^{\circ}C$ at day to $27^{\circ}C$ to $29^{\circ}C$ at night for the entire feeding periods. There was no significant difference in body weight, feed to gain ratio and the relative organ weight except the thymus in response to dietary vitamin C or E supplementation. However, the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$, Toll like receptor (TLR)-4 and HSP70 in the liver of birds fed diet containing vitamin C significantly (p<0.05) decreased compared with those in birds fed basal diet. Dietary vitamin E also showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the mRNA expression of IL-6 and HSP70 compared with a basal diet. Total antioxidant status (TAS) in serum of birds fed vitamin C supplemented diet was significantly (p<0.05) higher with than that in birds a basal diet. Lipid peroxidation in serum and liver resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decrease in response to dietary vitamin C or E supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with antioxidant vitamins, especially vitamin C resulted in a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and HSP70, and higher antioxidant parameters than that of birds on the basal diet under summer conditions.

닭에서 사육밀도 및 Lipopolysaccharide 투여가 면역장기 무게, 혈액 생화학적 성상 및 친염증 사이토카인 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향

장인석(In-Surk Jang),송민혜(Min-Hye Song),김하나(Ha-Na Kim),문양수(Yang Soo Moon),손시환(Sea Hwan Sohn) 한국가금학회 2016 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.43 No.3

본 연구는 닭에서 사육밀도[(대조군(SSD) 495 ㎠/수 vs. 고밀도사육군(HSD) 245 ㎠/수] 및 LPS 투여(5 mg/kg BW)가 다른 각종 생리적 스트레스 지표에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 대조군, HSD군 및 LPS군(5 mg/kg BW)에서 체중 및 장기 무게를 조사한 결과, SSD군과 HSD군간 비교 시 체중은 고밀도사육 시 현저히(p<0.05) 감소하였으나, 간, 비장 및 흉선 무게는 차이가 없었다. LPS 투여군에서는 대조군에 비해 흉선과 F-낭 무게가 유의적(p<0.05)으로 증가하였다. 혈액 생화학적 성분에서 AST, ALT 및 BUN 수준은 SSD군과 HSD군 간에는 차이가 없었지만, LPS군에서 증가되었다(p<0.05). 혈중 Ca, P, CK, uric acid 수준 모두 LPS군에서유의하게(p<0.05) 높았다. 혈중 corticosterone 수준은 LPS군에서 SSD군과 HSD군에 비해 유의적(p<0.05)으로 증가되었으나, SSD와 HSD군 간에는 차이가 없었다. 친염증 사이토카인 mRNA 발현을 조사한 결과, 간 조직의 IL-1β, IL-6 및 iNOS mRNA 발현은 LPS군에서 SSD군에 비해 증가되었으나(p<0.05), SSD군과 HSD군 간에는 차이가 없었다. 흉선 IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 mRNA 유전자 역시 LPS군에서 다른 군들에 비해 유의하게(p<0.05) 증가되었다. HSD군에서 흉선의 IL-1β는 SSD군에 비해 현저히(p<0.05) 증가되었다. F-낭의 IL-1β 발현은 LPS군에서 SSD군에 비해 증가되었으나(p<0.05), 다른 사이토카인은 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과, 고밀도사육에 따른 만성스트레스 요인은 닭의 환경적응성에 따라 생산성을 제외한 다른 지표들의 변화는 적었으나, LPS 투여는 혈액 생화학성분 및 친염증 사이토카인 mRNA 발현을 현저하게 변화시켰다. This study was performed to investigate the effects of the stocking density (standard stocking density (SSD, 495 ㎠/bird)) vs. high stocking density (HSD,245㎠/bird) and challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5mg/kg BW) on the stress-related physiological indicators in chicks. There was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight, but not in the weight of immune organs, between the SSD and HSD groups. The LPS group resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in the weights of the thymus and bursa of fabricius compared with the SSD group. Plasma biochemical components, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen, Ca, P, creatine kinase and uric acid, markedly (p<0.05) increased in the LPS birds, although no difference in these parameters was observed between the SSD and HSD birds. Furthermore, the birds challenged with LPS showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the plasma corticosterone level, although this hormone did not differ between the SSD and HSD groups. In the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, hepatic IL-1β, IL-6 and iNOS in the LPS group significantly (p<0.05) increased compared with those in the SSD group. Thymic mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 in the LPS group also significantly (p<0.05) increased compared with those in the other groups. In addition, mRNA expression of IL-1β in the bursa of fabricius of the LPS group increased (p<0.05) without affecting the other cytokines. Under high stocking density, thymic IL-1β was the only cytokine that was up-regulated compared with the SSD group. In conclusion, an acute stress induced by LPS challenge profoundly affected immune organ weight, blood biochemical profiles and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, while chronic stress did not markedly affect biochemical and immunological parameters, suggesting that chicks under high stocking density could be adapted to prolonged stressors.

닭의 고밀도사양 스트레스가 품종 간 체내대사 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향

손시환(Sea Hwan Sohn),장인석(In Surk Jang),안영숙(Young Sook An),문양수(Yang Soo Moon) 한국가금학회 2015 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.42 No.1

& & 본 연구는 밀사에 의한 환경스트레스가 닭의 품종에 따라 스트레스 및 대사 연관 유전자들의 발현에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 실시하였다. 공시계는 한국재래닭과 백색 레그혼으로 두 품종 모두 40주령 때 대조구(540 cm2/수) 및 고밀도구(311 cm2/수)로 분리하고, 50주령까지 10주간 사육하였다. 사양시험 종료 후, 각 개체의 간으로부터 total RNA를 추출하고, 스트레스, 소포체(ER) 스트레스 및 대사 연관 유전자들의 발현을 real-time PCR을 이용하여 분석하였다. 한국재래계는 분석된 모든 스트레스 표지 유전자들의 발현이 밀사구와 대조구 사이에 유의적인 변화를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 백색레그혼의 경우, HSP70과 HSP90α 유전자의 발현이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 분석된 ATF6, GRP78, SREBP2 등의 발현은 품종 간 차이를 볼 수 없었지만, XBP1의 경우 백색레그혼이 한국재래계에 비하여 높은 발현을 보였다(P<0.05). 분석된 유전자들 중 FABP4, FATP1, ACSL1 등의 경우, 한국재래계에 비하여 백색레그혼에서 높은 유전자 발현을 보였다(P<0.05). GLUT의 발현은 품종 간에는 영향을 받지 않지만, 밀사에 의한 영향을 받고 있음을 보여주었다. 고밀도사양 체계는 닭의 품종과 관계없이 스트레스 요인이 될 수 있으며, 닭의 품종이나 개량의 정도에 따라 스트레스 반응에 대한 유전적 차이가 있음을 시사하고, 또한 밀사와 같은 환경적 스트레스는 간의 지방 및 포도당 대사에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보여주었다. & & Chickens are exposed to the external and internal stressors such as low and high temperature, high stocking density, feed restriction and disease. There have been a few studies on gene expressions through the investigation of chickens under direct exposure to the stress of high stocking density. The objective of the present study was to determine the expressions of genes associated with stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress, lipid and glucose metabolism in two strains of chickens, Korean Native Chicken (KNC) and White Leghorn (WL), raised in high stocking density. A total of 164 chickens aged 40 weeks were randomly allotted to a 540 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/bird stocking density (control), whereas the chickens in a high density group were assigned in a 311 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/bird stocking density with feeding ad libitum for 10 weeks. Total RNA was extracted from the live for qRT-PCR. The expression levels of hsp70 and hsp90α were higher in WL subjected to stress with high stocking density compared with those genes in control (P<0.05), while the expressions of genes were not affected in KNC. ER stress marker gene XBP1 was also highly expressed in WL with stress (P<0.05), but the stress of high stocking density did not influence to ER stress marker genes in KNC. Lipid metabolism associated genes including FABP4, FATP1 and ACSL1 were highly expressed in WL compared with KNC when subjected to high stocking density stress (P<0.05). The expression of glucose transport gene GLUT2 and GLUT8 were increased in chickens exposured to the stress of high stocking density (P<0.05). The data indicate that WL is more sensitive to the stress of high stocking density compared with KNC and the stress may influence the modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in the liver of chickens.

Maturity Grouping of Korean Soybean Cultivars and Character Relationships According to the Planting Date

Tae-Jeong Ha,Sea-Gyu Lim,Seong-Hyu Shin,Kyung-Jin Choi,In-Youl Baek,Sang-Chul Lee,Keum-Yong Park,Sang-Ouk Shin 韓國作物學會 2009 Korean journal of crop science Vol.54 No.1

This study was carried out to classify Korean soybean varieties base on maturity group (MG) and to find character relationships according to planting date for high quality soybean seed production adapted to early season cultivation environment of Miryang. Results of maturity grouping of Korean soybean varieties showed that Keunol (3 cultivars), belonged to Group 0; Seonnok and Danmi in Group II, Shinrok in Group III, Seonyu (17 cultivars), in Group IV, Taekwang (44 cultivars) in Group V, Daewon (25 cultivars) in Group VI, and Kwangdu and Keumdu in Group VII. Agronomic characteristics of 100 soybean varieties were compared based on MG, cultivation year and seeding date. Soybean varieties belonging to the MG VI~VII showed longer days to flowering and growth period, high lodging density and higher yield. Seed quality analysis revealed that as maturity was delayed, seed weight becomes heavier while seed cracks become abundant. In addition, occurrence of purple seed and phomopsis were higher in MG 0~III . Protein content was higher in MG 0~III , and isoflavone content was higher as maturity was delayed. On the other hand, lipid content was generally similar across MGs. Correlation analysis of major agronomic characters showed positive relationships between days to flowering and growth days, seed weight and lodging in MG IV~V , seed crack and growth days in MG 0~III , seed crack and days to flowering in MG IV~V and MG VI~VII , seed crack and lodging in MG IV~V and MG VI~VII , seed crack and seed weight in MG IV~V and MG VI~VII , purple seed and growth days in MG IV~V , purple seed and seed weight in MG VI~VII , phomopsis and growth days in MG IV~V and MG VI~VII , and phomopsis and purple seed in MG IV~V and MG VI~VII . In contrast, a negative relationship was observed between seed weight and lodging in MG 0~III . Correlating yield and major characters revealed negative relationships between days to flowering and growth days in MG 0~III and MG IV~V , whereas positive relationships were obtained on MG VI~VII seeded on April 30. Lodging, seed weight and seed crack were all negatively correlated with yield in the MG IV~V and MG VI~VII . Soybean cultivars identified as adaptable to early season planting for production of high quality soy curd and fermented soybean paste were Seonyu, Kwangdu, and Soho while those suited for the manufacture of soybean sprouts were Sobaeknanul, Kwangan, Sowon, and Bosuk. Geomjeong 2 chosen as best for mixing with rice.

Maturity Grouping of Korean Soybean Cultivars and Character Relationships According to the Planting Date

Ha, Tae-Jeong,Lim, Sea-Gyu,Shin, Seong-Hyu,Choi, Kyung-Jin,Baek, In-Youl,Lee, Sang-Chul,Park, Keum-Yong,Shin, Sang-Ouk The Korean Society of Crop Science 2009 Korean journal of crop science Vol.54 No.1

This study was carried out to classify Korean soybean varieties base on maturity group (MG) and to find character relationships according to planting date for high quality soybean seed production adapted to early season cultivation environment of Miryang. Results of maturity grouping of Korean soybean varieties showed that Keunol (3 cultivars), belonged to Group 0; Seonnok and Danmi in Group II, Shinrok in Group III, Seonyu (17 cultivars), in Group IV, Taekwang (44 cultivars) in Group V, Daewon (25 cultivars) in Group VI, and Kwangdu and Keumdu in Group VII. Agronomic characteristics of 100 soybean varieties were compared based on MG, cultivation year and seeding date. Soybean varieties belonging to the MG $VI{\sim}VII$ showed longer days to flowering and growth period, high lodging density and higher yield. Seed quality analysis revealed that as maturity was delayed, seed weight becomes heavier while seed cracks become abundant. In addition, occurrence of purple seed and phomopsis were higher in MG $0{\sim}III$. Protein content was higher in MG $0{\sim}III$, and isoflavone content was higher as maturity was delayed. On the other hand, lipid content was generally similar across MGs. Correlation analysis of major agronomic characters showed positive relationships between days to flowering and growth days, seed weight and lodging in MG $IV{\sim}V$, seed crack and growth days in MG $0{\sim}III$, seed crack and days to flowering in MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$, seed crack and lodging in MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$, seed crack and seed weight in MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$, purple seed and growth days in MG $IV{\sim}V$, purple seed and seed weight in MG $VI{\sim}VII$, phomopsis and growth days in MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$, and phomopsis and purple seed in MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$. In contrast, a negative relationship was observed between seed weight and lodging in MG $0{\sim}III$. Correlating yield and major characters revealed negative relationships between days to flowering and growth days in MG $0{\sim}III$ and MG $IV{\sim}V$, whereas positive relationships were obtained on MG $VI{\sim}VII$ seeded on April 30. Lodging, seed weight and seed crack were all negatively correlated with yield in the MG $IV{\sim}V$ and MG $VI{\sim}VII$. Soybean cultivars identified as adaptable to early season planting for production of high quality soy curd and fermented soybean paste were Seonyu, Kwangdu, and Soho while those suited for the manufacture of soybean sprouts were Sobaeknanul, Kwangan, Sowon, and Bosuk. Geomjeong 2 chosen as best for mixing with rice.

Animal Behavior and Welfare : Effects of Housing Systems on Physiological and Immunological Parameters in Laying Hens

( Sung Young Kang ),( Young Hyun Ko ),( Yang Soo Moon ),( Sea Hwan Sohn ),( In Surk Jang ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2013 한국축산학회지 Vol.55 No.2

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of housing systems on physiological and immunological responses as stress indicators in laying hens. A total of 500 White Leghorn aged 16 weeks were allotted into ten conventional cages (10 birds/cage and 810 cm²/bird) and four floor pens (100 birds/pen and 2,800 cm²/bird) for 24 weeks. The hens housed in conventional cages with higher stocking density resulted in a significantly (P<0.05) lower BW compared with those housed in floor pens with lower stocking density without affecting the relative weights of immune organs between housing conditions. In plasma biochemical values, cholesterol and corticosterone were significantly (P<0.05) tower in the hens housed in floor pens compared with those housed in conventional cages. In pro-inflammatory cytokines, hepatic interleukin (IL)-10 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the hens housed in conventional cages compared with those kept to floor pens. Splenic and thymic IFN- γ expression was significantly (P<0.05) up-regulated in the hens kept in conventional cages compared with those kept in floor pens without affecting IL-1, IL-10, lipopolysaccharide- induced tumor necrosis factor-α factor (LITAF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In the bursa of Fabricius, IL-10 and iNOS expression of the hens housed in conventional cages were significantly (P<0.05) higher compared with those of the hens housed in floor pens. In conclusion, layers housed in conventional cages enhanced plasma cholesterol, corticosterone and some pro-inflammatory cytokines in the immune organs compared with those in floor pens.