Composition dependence of the electrical conductivity of Se85?xTe15Sbx (x = 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) glass at room temperature

Vibhav K. Saraswat,K. Singh,N.S. Saxena,V. Kishore,T.P. Sharma,P.K. Saraswat 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.1

Measurements ofIV characteristics and DC electrical conductivity of Se85. xTe15Sbx (wherex = 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) glassy thinpellets, prepared by well established melt quenching technique in bulk (pellets of diameter 12mm and thickness. 1m were pre-pared under a constant load of 5 tons), have been carried out at room temperature using Keithley High Resistance Meter/Electrom-eter 6517A. For the recording ofIV characteristics, this equipment was used in FVMI (Force Voltage Measure Current) mode. It isIV characteristics that the glass containing 4 at. wt.% of Sb has the minimum resistance allowing maximumcurrent through the sample as compared to the other at. wt.% of Sb contents e.g. 2, 6, 8 and 10.At 4 at. wt.% of Sb, conductivityrises to 76% of the value obtained for 2 at. wt.% of Sb. Composition dependence of DC conductivity is discussed in terms of thebond formation between Se and Sb at dierent compositions. The conduction mechanism is discussed qualitatively on the basisof PooleFrenkel conduction mechanism. Also the linear relation between ln (I) and V1/2veries that the conduction mechanismis of PooleFrenkel type for both low and high voltage range. The deviation of ohmic behaviour at lower voltage range towardsthe non-ohmic at higher voltage range is due to the high voltage induced temperature eects in the sample.

Biological Properties of (1 → 3)-β-D-Glucan-Based Synthetic Oligosaccharides

Sujata Saraswat-Ohri,Aruna Vashishta,Vaclav Vetvicka,Karine Descroix,Frank Jamois,Jean-Claude Yvin,Vincent Ferrie`res 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.4

Despite the fact that β-glucans are well-established immunomodulators, the problems with batch-to-batch heterogeneity remains problematic. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate new type of synthetic oligosaccharides. A new family of oligo-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucans modified on the reducing end was synthesized using a controlled and specific inversion of configuration at C-2 starting from already formed oligo-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucans. The designed glycosides are characterized by the presence of four or five glucopyranose entities and a mannose residue at the reducing end. To study of the impact of well-defined structural modulations, we used murine and human models to evaluate their immunostimulating potential. These novel oligosaccharides showed strong and long-lasting stimulation of phagocytosis and significant potentiation of synthesis and/or secretion of interleukin (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor. In addition, the oligosaccharides tested showed significant effects on expression of several genes in human fibroblasts and breast cancer cells. From our results it is clear that these synthetic oligosaccharides represent a better alternative to natural β-glucans.

Role of epigenetics in crop improvement: Water and heat stress

Saurabh Saraswat,Alok Kumar Yadavi,Preeti Sirohi,Nand K. Singh 한국식물학회 2017 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.60 No.3

Overall transcriptomic activity of an organism is determined not only by its genetic makeup but also by epigenetic regulations. Reprogramming by epigenetic modification triggered by various environmental challenges contributes to the phenotypic diversity and defense against these challenges. Different stresses acts as stimulus and changes genic expression level by various mechanisms namely DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA. Epigenetics is a continuously progressing branch since the past two decades. Improvement of crop varieties with traditional breeding methods is tedious, time consuming, expensive and is unable to meet progressive living standards and demand in today’s world whereas epigenetics holds great potential for the improvement of plant varieties with respect to yield and nutritional quality by creation of novel epialleles, transgenic RNAi. RNA interference has been used for the improvement of several crops like barley, wheat, soybean etc by reduction of various anti-nutritive factors or enhancement of flavor. Silencing of Omega–3 fatty acid desaturase gene is achieved using RNAi technology for the reduction of linoleic acid and improvement of flavor. HvTX1 from barley shows increased expression during drought stress indicating its active role in drought tolerance which further can be exploited for the development of improved crop variety with increased drought tolerance. Also multiple HAT genes in rice are reported to be actively expressed under heat and water stress. Studies of epigenetic responses to different stresses can increase our understanding of plant stress adaptation and mechanism underlying them which can be further exploited for the development of improved crop varieties.

Motivation Versus Intention of Sharing Fake News Among Social Media Users during the Pandemic - A SEM Model

Alvi, Irum,Saraswat, Niraja World Association for Triple Helix and Future Stra 2021 Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol.20 No.2

Are intentions important in deciding the outcome of an action such as sharing misinformation among social media users during the pandemic? What is their role and how far they are important for the very act of fake sharing news? The social media users' actions on the social platform are determined by what they plan to do themselves; however, their motivation has an immense role to play in the dissemination of fake news on social media. The study proposes a conceptual model for understanding how select factors affect fake news sharing motivation and intentions of social media users. The study scrutinizes the relationship between content and context, fear of missing out (FoMO), news verification and news sharing gratification on the motivation and intention of social media users of networked Asian society. Empirical Data were drawn from social media users (N = 243) from India, using an online questionnaire based on prior studies and structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to analyze the data collected. Results indicate that news content, news verification, and news sharing gratification have a direct and positive relationship with sharing motivation. On the other hand, news context and content, FoMO and news sharing gratification have a positive significant relationship with sharing intention. Likewise, it was discovered that news verification will decrease sharing intention of the social media users. However, news context, that is the pandemic in the case of the present study and FoMO were not identified as determinant variables for sharing motivation among social media users. The research limitations and further scope were discussed.

글루카곤을 융합파트너로 이용한 재조합 단백질 생산 및 글루카곤 수용체 단편을 이용한 친화성 정제기술 개발

이지원,김대영,박영훈,V. Saraswat 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2000 생물산업 Vol.13 No.3

Varicella Zoster Cranial Polyneuropathy Presenting With Dysphagia, Esophagitis and Gastroparesis

( Maneesh Paliwal ),( Kallambella Susheelendra Prasanna ),( Vivek A Saraswat ),( Asha Misra ),( Narendra Krishnani ),( Uday C ),( Ghoshal ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2011 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.17 No.2

Experimental Validation of an IoT Based Device Selective Power Cut mechanism Using Power Line Carrier Communication for Smart Management of Electricity

Sumit Kumar Jindal,Kishan Kumar,Shulin Saraswat,Ajay Kumar,Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.1

There is a huge diff erence between electricity production and its demand. In order to meet the requirements, a selective power cut is carried out which is currently based on area and time. Although this is a simplistic solution, it has many drawbacks such as the area gets completely deprived of even the very basic appliances such as lights and fans, which do not contribute signifi cantly to the power consumption. This creates a need to come up with a solution so that no one gets deprived of using basic appliances at any time and still be able to reduce power consumption to fulfi ll the ever-growing demand. This work has dealt with the same by implementing a device selective protocol which can selectively cut power of particular devices depending on their energy rating, power rating, manufacturer etc. by the use of power line carrier communication. Hence, revolutionizing the whole concept of area selective power cut to device selective power cut. Since, IoT refers to a network of devices or “Things”, this work incorporates the basic principles of IoT by essentially creating a network of devices which can communicate with each other, over low bandwidth.

Oxygen Isotope Records of Globigerina Bulloides Across a North-south Transect in the South-western Indian Ocean

Neloy Khare,Subodh Kumar Chaturvedi,Rajeev Saraswat 한국해양과학기술원 2009 Ocean science journal Vol.44 No.2

Along a north-south transect (9.69˚N to 55.01˚S) in the southwestern Indian Ocean during the Indian Pilot Expedition to Southern Ocean (PESO), the oxygen isotopic analysis of planktic foraminifera (Globigerina bulloides) from 23 surface sediment samples was carried out to assess the relationship between isotopic composition of G. bulloides and the prevailing physical (seawater temperature and salinity) conditions of the ambient seawater. An increasing trend in the δ18O value is noticed towards higher latitude. Apparently such an increase in δ18O values is inversely related to the temperature changes along the transect. However, slight mismatch is observed at a few stations due to calcification out of optimum conditions or due to the salinity changes. The preliminary results of the present study, if extended to the subsurface sediments coupled with other parameters, may contribute to the reconstruction of the paleohydrography of the region, especially the position of various seawater fronts during the geologic past albeit with areal limitation. Along a north-south transect (9.69˚N to 55.01˚S) in the southwestern Indian Ocean during the Indian Pilot Expedition to Southern Ocean (PESO), the oxygen isotopic analysis of planktic foraminifera (Globigerina bulloides) from 23 surface sediment samples was carried out to assess the relationship between isotopic composition of G. bulloides and the prevailing physical (seawater temperature and salinity) conditions of the ambient seawater. An increasing trend in the δ18O value is noticed towards higher latitude. Apparently such an increase in δ18O values is inversely related to the temperature changes along the transect. However, slight mismatch is observed at a few stations due to calcification out of optimum conditions or due to the salinity changes. The preliminary results of the present study, if extended to the subsurface sediments coupled with other parameters, may contribute to the reconstruction of the paleohydrography of the region, especially the position of various seawater fronts during the geologic past albeit with areal limitation.

Laser-Acoustic Techniques for Temperature Measurements in Semiconductor Processing

Lee, Y. J.,Yakud, B. T. Khuri,Saraswat, K. C. 대한전자공학회 1991 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.2 No.1

An acoustics-based technique for measuring temperature in a rapid thermal processing environment is investigated. A silicon wafer is placed in a rapid thermal processor with the back side facing the heating lamp. A transducer designed to provide a 170 kHz acoustic signal is placed perpendicular to the plane of the wafer. An acoustic wave launched parallel to the wafer surface is detected at two areas using two probe-beam deflection detectors. By measuring the attenuation and phase difference between the signals detected at the two points, the velocity of the acoustic wave can be accurately determined. The strong temperature dependence of the acoustic wave velocity can be exploited to obtain temperature measurements.

Theoretical Modeling for the Interaction of Tin Alloying With N-Type Doping and Tensile Strain for GeSn Lasers

Sukhdeo, David,Kim, Yeji,Gupta, Shashank,Saraswat, Krishna,Dutt, Birendra,Nam, Donguk IEEE 2016 IEEE electron device letters Vol.37 No.10

<P>We investigate the interaction of tin alloying with tensile strain and n-type doping for improving the performance of a Ge-based laser for on-chip optical interconnects. Using a modified tight-binding formalism that incorporates the effect of tin alloying on conduction band changes, we calculate how threshold current density and slope efficiency are affected by tin alloying in the presence of tensile strain and n-type doping. Our results show that while there exists a negative interaction between tin alloying and n-type doping, tensile strain can be effectively combined with tin alloying to dramatically improve the Ge gain medium in terms of both reducing the threshold and increasing the expected slope efficiency. Through quantitative modeling, we find that the best design is to include large amounts of both tin alloying and tensile strain but only moderate amounts of n-type doping, if researchers seek to achieve the best possible performance in a Ge-based laser.</P>